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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
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<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
<title>LLVM 2.4 Release Notes</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="doc_title">LLVM 2.4 Release Notes</div>
<ol>
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#subproj">Sub-project Status Update</a></li>
<li><a href="#whatsnew">What's New in LLVM?</a></li>
<li><a href="GettingStarted.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
<li><a href="#portability">Portability and Supported Platforms</a></li>
<li><a href="#knownproblems">Known Problems</a>
<li><a href="#additionalinfo">Additional Information</a></li>
</ol>
<div class="doc_author">
<p>Written by the <a href="http://llvm.org">LLVM Team</a><p>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_section">
<a name="intro">Introduction</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>This document contains the release notes for the LLVM Compiler
Infrastructure, release 2.4. Here we describe the status of LLVM, including
major improvements from the previous release and significant known problems.
All LLVM releases may be downloaded from the <a
href="http://llvm.org/releases/">LLVM releases web site</a>.</p>
<p>For more information about LLVM, including information about the latest
release, please check out the <a href="http://llvm.org/">main LLVM
web site</a>. If you have questions or comments, the <a
href="http://mail.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvmdev">LLVM Developer's Mailing
List</a> is a good place to send them.</p>
<p>Note that if you are reading this file from a Subversion checkout or the
main LLVM web page, this document applies to the <i>next</i> release, not the
current one. To see the release notes for a specific releases, please see the
<a href="http://llvm.org/releases/">releases page</a>.</p>
</div>
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Machine LICM
Machine Sinking
LegalizeDAGTypes
llc -enable-value-prop, propagation of value info (sign/zero ext info) from
one MBB to another
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mention dev mtg
Xcode 3.1 and 3.1.1.
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<div class="doc_section">
<a name="subproj">Sub-project Status Update</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>
The LLVM 2.4 distribution currently consists of code from the core LLVM
repository (which roughly includes the LLVM optimizers, code generators and
supporting tools) and the llvm-gcc repository. In addition to this code, the
LLVM Project includes other sub-projects that are in development. The two which
are the most actively developed are the <a href="#clang">Clang Project</a> and
the <a href="#vmkit">vmkit Project</a>.
</p>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="clang">Clang: C/C++/Objective-C Frontend Toolkit</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>The <a href="http://clang.llvm.org/">Clang project</a> is an effort to build
a set of new 'LLVM native' front-end technologies for the LLVM optimizer
and code generator. Clang is continuing to make major strides forward in all
areas. Its C and Objective-C parsing support is very solid, and the code
generation support is far enough along to build many C applications. While not
yet production quality, it is progressing very nicely. In addition, C++
front-end work has started to make significant progress.</p>
<p>Codegen progress/state
</p>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="clangsa">Clang Static Analyzer</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>The
<a href="http://clang.llvm.org/StaticAnalysis.html">static analysis tool</a>
.</p>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="vmkit">vmkit: JVM/CLI Virtual Machine Implementation</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>
The <a href="http://vmkit.llvm.org/">vmkit project</a> is an implementation of
a JVM and a CLI Virtual Machines (Microsoft .NET is an
implementation of the CLI) using the Just-In-Time compiler of LLVM.</p>
<p>...</p>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_section">
<a name="whatsnew">What's New in LLVM?</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>This release includes a huge number of bug fixes, performance tweaks and
minor improvements. Some of the major improvements and new features are listed
in this section.
</p>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="majorfeatures">Major New Features</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>LLVM 2.4 includes several major new capabilities:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>The most visible end-user change in LLVM 2.4 is that it includes many
optimizations and changes ot make -O0 compile times much faster. You should see
improvements on the order of 30% or more faster than LLVM 2.3. There are many
pieces to this change, described in more detail below. The speedups and new
components can also be used for JIT compilers that want fast compilation as
well.</p></li>
<li><p>The biggest change to the LLVM IR is that Multiple Return Values (which
were introduced in LLVM 2.3) have been generalized to full support for "First
Class Aggregate" values in LLVM 2.4. This means that LLVM IR supports using
structs and arrays as values in a function. This capability is mostly useful
for front-end authors, who prefer to treat things like complex numbers, simple
tuples, dope vectors, etc as Value*'s instead of as a tuple of Value*'s or as
memory values.</p></li>
<li><p>LLVM 2.4 also includes an initial port for the PIC16 microprocessor. This
is the LLVM targer that only has support for 8 bit registers, and a number of
other crazy constraints. While the port is still in early development stages,
it shows some interesting things you can do with LLVM.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="llvm-gcc">llvm-gcc 4.2 Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>LLVM fully supports the llvm-gcc 4.2 front-end, which marries the GCC
front-ends and driver with the LLVM optimizer and code generator. It currently
includes support for the C, C++, Objective-C, Ada, and Fortran front-ends.</p>
<ul>
<li>LLVM 2.4 supports the full set of atomic <tt>__sync_*</tt> builtins. LLVM
2.3 only supported those used by OpenMP, but 2.4 supports them all. While
llvm-gcc supports all of these builtins, note that not all targets do. X86 and
PowerPC are known to support them all in both 32-bit and 64-bit mode.</li>
<li>llvm-gcc now supports an <tt>-flimited-precision</tt> option, which tells
the compiler that it is ok to use low-precision approximations of certain libm
functions (like tan, log, etc). This allows you to get high performance if you
only need (say) 14-bits of precision.</li>
<li>llvm-gcc now supports a C language extension known as "<a
href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/cfe-dev/2008-August/002670.html">Blocks
</a>. This feature is similar to nested functions and closures, but does not
require stack trampolines (with most ABIs) and supports returning closures
from functions that define them. Note that actually <em>using</em> Blocks
requires a small runtime that is not included with llvm-gcc.</li>
<li>llvm-gcc now supports a new <tt>-flto</tt> option. On systems that support
transparent Link Time Optimization (currently Darwin systems with Xcode 3.1 and
later) this allows the use of LTO with other optimization levels like -Os.
Previously, LTO could only be used with -O4, which implied optimizations in
-O3 that can increase code size.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="coreimprovements">LLVM Core Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>New features include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>A major change to the "Use" class landed, which shrank it by 25%. Since
this is a pervasive part of the LLVM, it ended up reducing the memory use of
LLVM IR in general by 15% for most programs.</li>
<li>Values with no names are now pretty printed by <tt>llvm-dis</tt> more
nicely. They now print as "<tt>%3 = add i32 %A, 4</tt>" instead of
"<tt>add i32 %A, 4 ; &lt;i32&gt;:3</tt>", which makes it much easier to read.
</li>
<li>LLVM 2.4 includes some changes for better vector support. First, the shift
operations (<tt>shl</tt>, <tt>ashr</tt>, <tt>lshr</tt>) now all support vectors
and do an element-by-element shift (shifts of the whole vector can be
accomplished by bitcasting the vector to &lt;1 x i128&gt; for example). Second,
there is support in development for vector comparisons. LLVM 2.4 actually
supports two ways to do vector comparisons: the vicmp/vfcmp instructions and the
icmp/fcmp instructions. The vicmp/vfcmp instructions are temporary and will be
removed (do not use them). The icmp/fcmp instructions compare two vectors and
return a vector of i1's for each result. Note that there is very little codegen
support available for any of these IR features though.</li>
<li>A new <tt>DebugInfoBuilder</tt> class is available, which makes it much
easier for front-ends to create debug info descriptors, similar to the way that
IRBuilder makes it easier to create LLVM IR.</li>
<li>LLVM now supports "function attributes", which allows us to seperate return
value attributes from function attributes. LLVM now supports attributes on a
function itself, a return value, and its parameters. New supported function
attributes include noinline/alwaysinline and the "opt-size" flag which says the
function should be optimized for code size.</li>
<li>LLVM IR now directly represents "common" linkage, instead of
representing it as a form of weak linkage.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="optimizer">Optimizer Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>In addition to a huge array of bug fixes and minor performance tweaks, the
LLVM 2.4 optimizers support a few major enhancements:</p>
<ul>
<li>GVN now does local PRE?</li>
<li>Matthijs' Dead argument elimination rewrite</li>
<li>Old-ADCE used control dependence and deleted output-free infinite loops.
Added a new Loop deletion pass (for deleting output free provably-finite loops)
and rewrote ADCE to be simpler faster, and not need control dependence.</li>
<li>SparsePropagation framework for lattice-based dataflow solvers.</li>
<li>Tail duplication was removed from the standard optimizer sequence.</li>
<li>Various helper functions (ComputeMaskedBits, ComputeNumSignBits, etc) were
pulled out of instcombine and put into a new ValueTracking.h file, where they
can be reused by other passes.</li>
<li>The new AddReadAttrs pass works out which functions are read-only or
read-none (these correspond to 'pure' and 'const' in C) and marks them
with the appropriate attribute.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="codegen">Code Generator Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>We put a significant amount of work into the code generator infrastructure,
which allows us to implement more aggressive algorithms and make it run
faster:</p>
<ul>
<li>asm writers split out to their own library to avoid JITs having to link
them in.</li>
<li>Big asm writer refactoring + TargetAsmInfo</li>
<li>2-addr pass and coalescer can now remat trivial insts to avoid a copy.</li>
<li>spiller to commute instructions in order to fold a reload</li>
<li>Stack slot coloring?</li>
<li>Live intervals renumbering? Is this useful to external people?</li>
<li>'is as cheap as a move' instruction flag</li>
<li>Improvements to selection dag viewing</li>
<li>fast isel</li>
<li>Selection dag speedups</li>
<li>asmwriter + raw_ostream -> fastah</li>
<li>Partitioned Boolean Quadratic Programming (PBQP) based register
allocator.</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="x86specific">X86/X86-64 Specific Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>New target-specific features include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Exception handling is supported by default on Linux/x86-64.</li>
<li>Position Independent Code (PIC) is now supported on Linux/x86-64.</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="targetspecific">Other Target Specific Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>New target-specific features include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>MIPS floating point support?</li>
<li>PowerPC now supports trampolines.</li>
<li>....</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="otherimprovements">Other Improvements</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>New features include:
</p>
<ul>
<li><tt>llvmc2</tt> (the generic compiler driver) gained plugin
support. It is now easier to experiment with <tt>llvmc2</tt> and
build your own tools based on it. </li>
<li>raw_ostream + formatting</li>
<li>Recycler + pool allocation stuff?</li>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!--=========================================================================-->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="changes">Major Changes and Removed Features</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>If you're already an LLVM user, this section lists some "gotchas" that you
may run into upgrading from the previous release.</p>
<p>The LLVM IR generated by llvm-gcc no longer names all instructions.
Use the instnamer pass if you want everything named.</p>
<li>The LoadVN and GCSE passes have been removed.</li>
<p>LLVM API Changes:</p>
<ul>
<li>... Attributes changes ... </li>
<li>The <tt>DbgStopPointInst</tt> methods <tt>getDirectory</tt> and
<tt>getFileName</tt> now return <tt>Value*</tt> instead of strings. These can be
converted to strings using <tt>llvm::GetConstantStringInfo</tt> defined via
"llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h".</li>
<li>API change: BinaryOperator::create -> Create (CmpInst, CastInst too)</li>
<li>Various header files like "llvm/ADT/iterator" were given a .h suffix.
Change your code to #include "llvm/ADT/iterator.h" instead.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_section">
<a name="portability">Portability and Supported Platforms</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>LLVM is known to work on the following platforms:</p>
<ul>
<li>Intel and AMD machines (IA32) running Red Hat Linux, Fedora Core and FreeBSD
(and probably other unix-like systems).</li>
<li>PowerPC and X86-based Mac OS X systems, running 10.3 and above in 32-bit and
64-bit modes.</li>
<li>Intel and AMD machines running on Win32 using MinGW libraries (native).</li>
<li>Intel and AMD machines running on Win32 with the Cygwin libraries (limited
support is available for native builds with Visual C++).</li>
<li>Sun UltraSPARC workstations running Solaris 10.</li>
<li>Alpha-based machines running Debian GNU/Linux.</li>
<li>Itanium-based (IA64) machines running Linux and HP-UX.</li>
</ul>
<p>The core LLVM infrastructure uses GNU autoconf to adapt itself
to the machine and operating system on which it is built. However, minor
porting may be required to get LLVM to work on new platforms. We welcome your
portability patches and reports of successful builds or error messages.</p>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_section">
<a name="knownproblems">Known Problems</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>This section contains all known problems with the LLVM system, listed by
component. As new problems are discovered, they will be added to these
sections. If you run into a problem, please check the <a
href="http://llvm.org/bugs/">LLVM bug database</a> and submit a bug if
there isn't already one.</p>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="experimental">Experimental features included with this release</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>The following components of this LLVM release are either untested, known to
be broken or unreliable, or are in early development. These components should
not be relied on, and bugs should not be filed against them, but they may be
useful to some people. In particular, if you would like to work on one of these
components, please contact us on the <a
href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/mailman/listinfo/llvmdev">LLVMdev list</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>The MSIL, IA64, Alpha, SPU, and MIPS backends are experimental.</li>
<li>The llc "<tt>-filetype=asm</tt>" (the default) is the only supported
value for this option.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="x86-be">Known problems with the X86 back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>The X86 backend does not yet support
all <a href="http://llvm.org/PR879">inline assembly that uses the X86
floating point stack</a>. It supports the 'f' and 't' constraints, but not
'u'.</li>
<li>The X86 backend generates inefficient floating point code when configured
to generate code for systems that don't have SSE2.</li>
<li>Win64 code generation wasn't widely tested. Everything should work, but we
expect small issues to happen. Also, llvm-gcc cannot build mingw64 runtime
currently due
to <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2255">several</a>
<a href="http://llvm.org/PR2257">bugs</a> due to lack of support for the
'u' inline assembly constraint and X87 floating point inline assembly.</li>
<li>The X86-64 backend does not yet support the LLVM IR instruction
<tt>va_arg</tt>. Currently, the llvm-gcc front-end supports variadic
argument constructs on X86-64 by lowering them manually.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="ppc-be">Known problems with the PowerPC back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>The Linux PPC32/ABI support needs testing for the interpreter and static
compilation, and lacks support for debug information.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="arm-be">Known problems with the ARM back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>Thumb mode works only on ARMv6 or higher processors. On sub-ARMv6
processors, thumb programs can crash or produce wrong
results (<a href="http://llvm.org/PR1388">PR1388</a>).</li>
<li>Compilation for ARM Linux OABI (old ABI) is supported, but not fully tested.
</li>
<li>There is a bug in QEMU-ARM (&lt;= 0.9.0) which causes it to incorrectly
execute
programs compiled with LLVM. Please use more recent versions of QEMU.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="sparc-be">Known problems with the SPARC back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>The SPARC backend only supports the 32-bit SPARC ABI (-m32), it does not
support the 64-bit SPARC ABI (-m64).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="alpha-be">Known problems with the Alpha back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>On 21164s, some rare FP arithmetic sequences which may trap do not have the
appropriate nops inserted to ensure restartability.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="ia64-be">Known problems with the IA64 back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li>The Itanium backend is highly experimental, and has a number of known
issues. We are looking for a maintainer for the Itanium backend. If you
are interested, please contact the llvmdev mailing list.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="c-be">Known problems with the C back-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<ul>
<li><a href="http://llvm.org/PR802">The C backend has only basic support for
inline assembly code</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://llvm.org/PR1658">The C backend violates the ABI of common
C++ programs</a>, preventing intermixing between C++ compiled by the CBE and
C++ code compiled with llc or native compilers.</li>
<li>The C backend does not support all exception handling constructs.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="c-fe">Known problems with the llvm-gcc C front-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>llvm-gcc does not currently support <a href="http://llvm.org/PR869">Link-Time
Optimization</a> on most platforms "out-of-the-box". Please inquire on the
llvmdev mailing list if you are interested.</p>
<p>The only major language feature of GCC not supported by llvm-gcc is
the <tt>__builtin_apply</tt> family of builtins. However, some extensions
are only supported on some targets. For example, trampolines are only
supported on some targets (these are used when you take the address of a
nested function).</p>
<p>If you run into GCC extensions which are not supported, please let us know.
</p>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="c++-fe">Known problems with the llvm-gcc C++ front-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
<p>The C++ front-end is considered to be fully
tested and works for a number of non-trivial programs, including LLVM
itself, Qt, Mozilla, etc.</p>
<ul>
<li>Exception handling works well on the X86 and PowerPC targets. Currently
only linux and darwin targets are supported (both 32 and 64 bit).</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ======================================================================= -->
<div class="doc_subsection">
<a name="ada-fe">Known problems with the llvm-gcc Ada front-end</a>
</div>
<div class="doc_text">
The llvm-gcc 4.2 Ada compiler works fairly well, however this is not a mature
technology and problems should be expected.
<ul>
<li>The Ada front-end currently only builds on X86-32. This is mainly due
to lack of trampoline support (pointers to nested functions) on other platforms,
however it <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2006">also fails to build on X86-64</a>
which does support trampolines.</li>
<li>The Ada front-end <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2007">fails to bootstrap</a>.
Workaround: configure with --disable-bootstrap.</li>
<li>The c380004, <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2010">c393010</a>
and <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2421">cxg2021</a> ACATS tests fail
(c380004 also fails with gcc-4.2 mainline).</li>
<li>Some gcc specific Ada tests continue to crash the compiler.</li>
<li>The -E binder option (exception backtraces)
<a href="http://llvm.org/PR1982">does not work</a> and will result in programs
crashing if an exception is raised. Workaround: do not use -E.</li>
<li>Only discrete types <a href="http://llvm.org/PR1981">are allowed to start
or finish at a non-byte offset</a> in a record. Workaround: do not pack records
or use representation clauses that result in a field of a non-discrete type
starting or finishing in the middle of a byte.</li>
<li>The <tt>lli</tt> interpreter <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2009">considers
'main' as generated by the Ada binder to be invalid</a>.
Workaround: hand edit the file to use pointers for <tt>argv</tt> and
<tt>envp</tt> rather than integers.</li>
<li>The <tt>-fstack-check</tt> option <a href="http://llvm.org/PR2008">is
ignored</a>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_section">
<a name="additionalinfo">Additional Information</a>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
<div class="doc_text">
<p>A wide variety of additional information is available on the <a
href="http://llvm.org">LLVM web page</a>, in particular in the <a
href="http://llvm.org/docs/">documentation</a> section. The web page also
contains versions of the API documentation which is up-to-date with the
Subversion version of the source code.
You can access versions of these documents specific to this release by going
into the "<tt>llvm/doc/</tt>" directory in the LLVM tree.</p>
<p>If you have any questions or comments about LLVM, please feel free to contact
us via the <a href="http://llvm.org/docs/#maillist"> mailing
lists</a>.</p>
</div>
<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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