2018-01-04 00:15:04 +00:00
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# Syntax
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2018-01-18 21:35:25 +00:00
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For information about types, see [Types](./types.md).
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For information about literals, see [Literals](./literals.md).
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For information about assembly, see [Using assembly within Millfork programs](./assembly.md).
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## Comments
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Comments start with `//` and last until the end of line.
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## Declarations
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### Variable declarations
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A variable declaration can happen at either top level of a file (*global* variables),
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or a top level of a function (*local* variables).
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Syntax:
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`[<storage>] <type> <name> [@<address>] [= <initial_value>]`
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* `<storage>` can be only specified for local variables. It can be either `stack`, `static` or nothing.
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See [the description of variable storage](../abi/variable-storage.md).
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* `<address>` is a constant expression that defines where in the memory the variable will be located.
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If not specified, it will be located according to the usual allocation rules.
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`stack` variables cannot have a defined address.
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* `<initial_value>` is a constant expression that contains the initial value of the variable.
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Only global variables can be initialized that way.
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The behaviour is undefined when targeting a ROM-based platform.
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### Constant declarations
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`const <type> <name> = <value>`
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TODO
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### Array declarations
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An array is a continuous sequence of bytes in memory.
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Syntax:
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`array <name> [[<size>]] [@<address>] [= <initial_values>]`
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TODO
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### Function declarations
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A function can be declared at the top level. For more details, see [Functions](./functions.md)
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## `import` statements
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TODO
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## Statements
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### Expression statement
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TODO
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### `if` statement
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Syntax:
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```
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if <expression> {
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<body>
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}
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```
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```
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if <expression> {
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<body>
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} else {
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<body>
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}
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```
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### `while` and `do-while` statements
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Syntax:
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```
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while <expression> {
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<body>
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}
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```
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```
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do {
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<body>
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} while <expression>
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```
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### `for` statements
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**Warning: `for` loops are a bit buggy.**
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Syntax:
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```
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for <variable>,<start>,<direction>,<end> {
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}
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```
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* `<variable>` – an already defined numeric variable
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* `<direction>` – the range to traverse:
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* `to` – from `<start>` inclusive to `<end>` inclusive, in ascending order
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(e.g. `0,to,9` to traverse 0, 1,... 9)
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* `downto` – from `<start>` inclusive to `<end>` inclusive, in descending order
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(e.g. `9,downto,0` to traverse 9, 8,... 0)
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* `until` – from `<start>` inclusive to `<end>` exclusive, in ascending order
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(e.g. `0,until,10` to traverse 0, 1,... 9)
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* `parallelto` – the same as `to`, but the iterations may be executed in any order
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* `paralleluntil` – the same as `until`, but the iterations may be executed in any order
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There is no `paralleldownto`, because it would do the same as `parallelto`.
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### `asm` statements
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See [Using assembly within Millfork programs](./assembly.md).
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