From 96f85a09684f2f750cc0318c589b9dd742f51280 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jean-David Gadina Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2013 02:56:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] About section + components identification. --- README.md | 167 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 166 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 02385c9..7665d3e 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -4,7 +4,172 @@ XS Computer One - Apple 1 Replica Project About ----- -[ ... ] +This project is an attempt to build a working replica of the [Apple-1] computer, made in 1976 by Steve Wozniak and released by Apple Computer Company, now Apple, Inc. + +Only about 200 units of this computer were made. Today, only about 60 units still exists, and less than 10 are known working. +They are sometimes sold at auctions, for record prices. In 2012, one was sold for $671,000. + +To my knowledge, three replica projects exists: +[Replica-1] by Vince Briel, [Mimeo-1] by Mike Willegal, and Obtronix by Steve Gabaly. + +The last two are exact replicas, while the first one uses actual components with a different motherboard layout. + +So this project will be (hopefully) a fourth one. + +I decided to build my own replica from scratch, as it's a very nice occasion to learn about electronics. +As a programmer, I sometimes feel frustrated not to know more about this... ; ) + +[Apple-1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_I +[Replica-1]: http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=17 +[Mimeo-1]: http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1.htm + +### Roadmap + +There's of course no real roadmap yet, as I'm currently learning as I go. The project will surely takes a huge amount of time, so don't expect results too soon. + +Here are the actual project parts: + +| # | Part | Status | Description | +|---|--------------------------|-------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| +| 1 | Learn | In progress | Learn as much as possible on electronics, as I'm completely new to this. | +| 2 | Test | | Experiment with a few basic PCB and components. | +| 3 | Component Identification | In progress | Get the original component specification from the original schematics and documentation. | +| 4 | Component Purchase | In progress | Purchase components or find alternatives if they are not available anymore. | +| 5 | ROM | | Find a way to get the original ROM and have it built somehow. | +| 6 | Prototype | | Get a prototype working on a breadboard. | +| 7 | PCB Design | | Design the final PCB, as close as possible to the original Apple-1, and have it printed. | +| 8 | Mounting | | Mount all components on the motherboard. | + +Tools & Equipment +----------------- + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|---------------|------------|------------------------------|-------------|----------|--------| +| B&K Precision | [DP 21] | Logic Probe / 20 MHz - 30 Ns | N/A | 1 | OK | +| | | (Multimeter) | N/A | 1 | | +| | | (Soldering Station) | N/A | 1 | | +| | | (Desolder Pump) | N/A | 1 | | +| | | (Solder) | N/A | 1 | | +| | | (Breadboard) | N/A | 1 | | +| | | (Power Transformer) | N/A | 1 | | + +***Note:*** *Any equivalent tool may be used. Tools listed here are the one I'll use for the project.* + +[DP 21]: http://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=DP_21virtualkey61500000virtualkey615-DP-21 + +Hardware Parts - Power Supply +----------------------------- + +### Power Transformers + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|------------|-------------------------|-------------------------|----------|--------| +| Stancor | [P-8380] | 117 V / 10 V CT - 3.0 A | Triad Magnetics [F-31X] | 1 | OK | +| Stancor | [P-8667] | 117 V / 28 V CT - 1.0 A | Triad Magnetics [F40X] | 1 | OK | + + +[P-8380]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=P-8380virtualkey53800000virtualkey802-P-8380 +[P-8667]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=P-8667virtualkey53800000virtualkey802-P-8667 +[F-31X]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=F-31Xvirtualkey55310000virtualkey553-F-31X +[F40X]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=F40Xvirtualkey55310000virtualkey553-F40X + +### Rectifiers + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|-------------------------|----------|-------------------------|----------------|----------|--------| +| ??? | MR500 | 50 V / 3.0 A | MCC [FR301-TP] | 4 | OK | +| Fairchild Semiconductor | [1N4001] | 50 V / 1.0 A | N/A | 4 | OK | + + +[FR301-TP]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=FR301-TPvirtualkey54720000virtualkey833-FR301-TP +[1N4001]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=1N4001virtualkey51210000virtualkey512-1N4001 + +### Capacitors + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|------------------|-----------------------------------------------|---------------------------|----------|--------| +| Sprague | 53D113G025JP6 | Radial Aluminum Electrolytic / 15 V - 5300 uF | ??? | 1 | | +| Sprague | 53D382G050JL6 | Radial Aluminum Electrolytic / 25 V - 2400 uF | ??? | 2 | | +| Vishay | [MAL213826229E3] | Radial Aluminum Electrolytic / 25 V - 22 uF | Nichicon [TVX1E220MAD1LS] | 5 | OK | + + +[MAL213826229E3]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=MAL213826229E3virtualkey59420000virtualkey594-2222-138-26229 +[TVX1E220MAD1LS]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=TVX1E220MAD1LSvirtualkey64700000virtualkey647-TVX1E220MAD1LS + +### Voltage Regulators + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|------------------------|------------------|--------------------------|------------------------------------|----------|--------| +| STMicroelectronics | [LM323K] | +15 V / +5 V - 3.0 A | N/A | 1 | OK | +| National Semiconductor | LM320 MP-5 | -15 V / -5 V - 1.0 A | Fairchild Semiconductor [LM7905CT] | 1 | OK | +| National Semiconductor | LM320 MP-12 | -25 V / -12 V - 1.0 A | Fairchild Semiconductor [LM7912CT] | 1 | OK | +| National Semiconductor | LM340-12 | +25 V / +12 V - 1.0 A | Fairchild Semiconductor [LM7812CT] | 1 | OK | + +[LM323K]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=LM323Kvirtualkey51120000virtualkey511-LM323K +[LM7905CT]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=LM7905CTvirtualkey51210000virtualkey512-LM7905CT +[LM7912CT]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=LM7912CTvirtualkey51210000virtualkey512-LM7912CT +[LM7812CT]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=LM7812CTvirtualkey51210000virtualkey512-LM7812CT + +### Heatsinks + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|------------|---------|---------------|----------|--------| +| Wakefield | [680-125A] | 1.5 C/W | N/A | 1 | OK | + +[680-125A]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=680-125Avirtualkey56720000virtualkey567-680-125A + +### Fuses + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|---------------|-------------------------------------------|---------------|----------|--------| +| Littelfuse | | Axial Glass / 3AG Slo-Blo / 125 V - 0.5 A | ??? | 1 | | + +### Connectors + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|---------------|-----------------------|---------------|----------|--------| +| Molex | [171813-0006] | 6-Pin Power Connector | N/A | 1 | OK | +| ??? | ??? | 4-Pin Video Connector | ??? | 1 | | +| ??? | ??? | 22-Pin Connector | ??? | 1 | | +| ??? | ??? | B4 (Keyboard?) | ??? | 1 | | + +[171813-0006]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=171813-0006virtualkey53810000virtualkey538-171813-0006 + +Hardware Parts - Terminal Section +--------------------------------- + +### Crystal + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|----------------|------------------------|---------------|----------|--------| +| ECS | [ECS-143-S-1X] | HC-49/U / 14.31818 MHz | N/A | 1 | OK | + +[ECS-143-S-1X]: https://ch.mouser.com/Search/ProductDetail.aspx?R=ECS-143-S-1Xvirtualkey59070000virtualkey520-HCA1431-SX + +### ... + +Hardware Parts - Processor Section +---------------------------------- + +### Processor + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|----------------|----------|---------|---------------|----------|--------| +| MOS Technology | 6502 | | ??? | 1 | | + +### Memory + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|----------|---------|---------------|----------|--------| +| ??? | MK4096 | | ??? | 16 | | + +### PIA + +| Manufacturer | Part No. | Details | Alternative | Quantity | Status | +|--------------|----------|------------------------------|---------------|----------|--------| +| Motorola | MC6820CL | Peripheral Interface Adapter | ??? | 1 | OK | + +### ... 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