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Loading routine bug fixed - one additional byte was erroneously loaded
Krusader assembler entry added Applesoft BASIC programs loading HOWTO
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README.md
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README.md
@ -2,17 +2,28 @@
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# apple1cartridge
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This repository contains firmware files for the "Apple-1 RAM/ROM Cartridge" expansion card for the Apple-1 computer.
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This repository contains firmware and gerber files for the "Apple-1 RAM/ROM Cartridge" expansion card for the Apple-1 computer.
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## Description
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This project aims to equip Apple-1 users with a quick way to expand RAM capacity in their systems up to 52 KB and to simultaneously
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store Apple-1 programs in ~30KB of on-board ROM, which can be banked in and out via software. The on-board ROM also contains a loader
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program which is capable of loading programs spanning across noncontinuous memory locations. You can either use a default loader program `4000R`, which displays the list of all available program entries, or the fast loader program `4300R`, which loads the
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program which is capable of loading programs spanning across noncontinuous memory locations. You can either use a default loader
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program `4000R`, which displays the list of all available program entries, or the fast loader program `4300R`, which loads the
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specific program entry automatically.
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The A1C expansion card allows to completely disable the ROM/loader functionality (via physical switch) which takes up to 2 KB of
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memory (`$4000-$47FF`) and to provide continuous 44KB wide RAM address space instead (`$1000-$BFFF`).
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The A1C expansion card allows to completely disable the ROM/loader functionality (which takes up to 2 KB of memory at `$4000-$47FF`)
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via physical switch and to provide continuous 44KB wide RAM address space instead (`$1000-$BFFF`). This can be done while the
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system is running, thus after a program is loaded, one can change the switch location disabling ROM banking functionality
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and use the entire memory address space as RAM.
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Loader programs in ROM mode copy bytes sequentially from ROM to RAM locations described in the entries table, banking the ROM
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in and out. Each entry may consist of several segments that can be loaded to non adjacent memory locations. For obvious reasons
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the address space between `$4000-$47FF` cannot be utilised at loading time, because it would require the loader program
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to overwrite itself in ROM.
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The A1C expansion card in RAM mode works great in conjunction with [Apple-1 Serial Interface](http://github.com/flowenol/apple11serial)
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card or the original ACI, expanding the available address space to load programs.
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## Memory map
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@ -41,7 +52,7 @@ The contents of this repository are as following:
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* gerber/ - gerber files needed to manufacture the PCB
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* inc/ - contains Apple-1 programs in binary format, the package is downloadable [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G0ycKSszlr45RE8Rp6eW-0qxz4MS9qDN/view?usp=sharing)
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* mapping/ - contains EQN and JED files for GAL22V10 based address decoder
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* scripts/ - a bunch of useful python scripts which allow conversion from binary to Woz monitor format and vice versa
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* scripts/ - a bunch of useful python scripts which do the conversion between binary and Woz monitor format and vice versa
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* src/ - contains the 6502 assembly sources for the on-board ROM loader programs
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## Requirements
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@ -75,8 +86,8 @@ http://github.com/flowenol/Apple1CartridgePcb
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## Applesoft BASIC support
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The onboard ROM loader program can also automatically load your Applesoft BASIC programs thanks to the branch of the
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applesoft-lite project which has been modified to make use of the RAM/ROM expansion card:
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The onboard ROM loader program can also automatically load your Applesoft BASIC programs thanks to the dedicated branch of the
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applesoft-lite project which has been modified to be compatible with the Apple-1 RAM/ROM Cartridge card:
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http://github.com/flowenol/applesoft-lite
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@ -229,8 +229,9 @@ skip_entry
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jmp check_load
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init_copy
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lda #$00
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lda #$01
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sta copy_counter
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lda #$00
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sta copy_counter+1
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copy
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; load byte from rom
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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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rom_content = $4800
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; define the number of available entries
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number_of_entries .byt $08
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number_of_entries .byt $09
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; entry structure
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; number of segments - byte
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@ -23,8 +23,20 @@ number_of_entries .byt $08
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; Integer BASIC
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;
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; How to store INTEGER BASIC programs via ACI/Apple-1 Serial Interface?
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;
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; In Woz monitor:
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; C100R
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; *
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; 004A.00FFW 0800.0FFFW
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;
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; The above will write the program contents with ZP variables to the ACI/ASI
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;
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; To read the program back:
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; C100R
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; *
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; 004A.00FFR 0800.0FFFR
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;
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; And then run INTEGER BASIC
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; E2B3R - warm entry point
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basic
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basic_seg .byt $01
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@ -52,18 +64,26 @@ apple30th_jmp_addr .word $0280
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; Output format:
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; test_case address expected actual
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;
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; Test case numbers:
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; 0 - All zeros - each byte of memory is verified that a 0x00 value can be written and read
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; 1 - All ones - each byte of memory is verified that a 0xff value can be written and read
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; 2 - Floating ones - eight passes, starting with 0x01 and moving the 1 bit to left each succeeding pass
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; 0x02 0x04 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x80
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; 3 - Floating zeros - eight passes, starting with 0x7f and shifting the 0 bit to the right each succeeding pass
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; 0xBF 0xDF 0xEF 0xF7 0xFB 0xFD 0xFE
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; 4 - Address in Address 1 - one pass with low eight bits of the locations address is written to that location
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; if this fails, you have a problem with one of the low eight address lines (this is pretty unlikely to fail,
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; since you need these address lines in order to load and run this program)
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; 5 - Address in Address 2 - one pass with high eight bits of the locations address written to that location
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; if this fails, you have a problem with one of the eight high address lines
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; Test case numbers with description:
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;
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; 0 - All zeros - each byte of memory is verified that a 0x00 value can be
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; written and read
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; 1 - All ones - each byte of memory is verified that a 0xff value can be
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; written and read
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; 2 - Floating ones - eight passes, starting with 0x01 and moving the 1 bit to
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; left each succeeding pass:
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; 0x02 0x04 0x08 0x10 0x20 0x40 0x80
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; 3 - Floating zeros - eight passes, starting with 0x7f and shifting the 0 bit
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; to the right each succeeding pass:
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; 0xBF 0xDF 0xEF 0xF7 0xFB 0xFD 0xFE
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; 4 - Address in Address 1 - one pass with low eight bits of the locations
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; address is written to that location.
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; If this fails, you have a problem with one of the low eight address lines
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; (this is pretty unlikely to fail, since you need these address lines in
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; order to load and run this program)
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; 5 - Address in Address 2 - one pass with high eight bits of the locations
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; address is written to that location.
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; If this fails, you have a problem with one of the eight high address lines
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;
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memorytest
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memorytest_seg .byt $02
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@ -76,6 +96,39 @@ memorytest_2_cont_start .word memorytest_cont+16
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memorytest_str .byt $10,"MEMORY TEST 280R"
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memorytest_jmp_addr .word $FF1F
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;
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; Krusader Assembler
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;
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; The version from the "Ultimate CFFA Software Collection" does not work on the
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; Apple-1 - it doesn't register any input. It was probably meant for the
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; Replica-1. The version included in the software collection from this project
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; has been reassembled to target the Apple-1 computer and high RAM location
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; ($7100).
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;
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; How to save & restore Krusader source using A1SI card?
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;
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; To save:
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;
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; 1. Type in your source code
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; 2. Press ESC to switch to command mode and then execute M command to lookup
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; memory occupied by the program source (<start_addr> <end_addr>)
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; 3. Drop to A1SI monitor program by typing: R $C100
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; 4. Save the source via A1SI card using command: <start_addr>.<end_addr>W
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;
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; To load:
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;
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; 1. Load Krusader binary
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; 2. Go to A1SI monitor: C100R
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; 3. Load source via A1SI card: <start_addr>.<end_addr>R
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; 4. Reenter Krusader via warm entry point ($711C)
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krusader
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krusader_seg .byt $01
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krusader_1_len .word $0DB9
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krusader_1_addr .word $7100
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krusader_1_cont_start .word krusader_cont
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krusader_str .byt $12,"KRUSADER ASSEMBLER"
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krusader_jmp_addr .word $7100
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;
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; Disassembler program
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;
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@ -109,11 +162,12 @@ applesoft_jmp_addr .word $6000
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; A sample Integer BASIC program - "Matrix" effect
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;
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; 3 segments need to be loaded:
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; 1. Integer BASIC
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;
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; 1. Integer BASIC binary
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; 2. zero page variables for "Matrix" program
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; 3. program contents between LOMEM and HIMEM
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;
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; Then a jump to Integer BASIC warm entrpoint has to be made
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; Then a jump to Integer BASIC warm entrypoint has to be made
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;
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matrix
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matrix_seg .byt $03
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@ -129,11 +183,50 @@ matrix_3_cont_start .word matrix_cont+$B6
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matrix_str .byt $0E,"MATRIX (BASIC)"
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matrix_jmp_addr .word $E2B3
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; How to make your Applesoft BASIC programs to be loadable from A1C expansion
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; card ROM?
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;
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; First you have to save your program to a binary file - the best way to do it
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; is to use Apple-1 Serial Card and "SAVE" routine from the modified fork of the
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; Applesoft BASIC. Just hook the card up to your PC and record the data in any
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; of the terminal emulation programs you prefer.
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;
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; With your BASIC program still loaded in memory, reset to Woz Monitor then
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; display and take note of the following 14 ZP locations:
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;
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; 67.74
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;
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; which correspond to the following Applesoft BASIC variables:
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;
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; TXTTAB = $0067 Start of program text
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; VARTAB = $0069 Start of variable storage
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; ARYTAB = $006B Start of array storage
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; STREND = $006D End of array storage
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; FRETOP = $006F Start of string storage
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; FRESPC = $0071 Temp pntr, string routines
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; MEMSIZ = $0073 End of string space (HIMEM)
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;
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; These bytes will be used to fix the ZP for the program and will have to be
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; loaded as a separate segment.
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;
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; So to load an Applesoft BASIC program from ROM:
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;
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; 1. Applesoft BASIC binary must be loaded
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; 2. Program content has to be loaded at LOMEM (typically $801)
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; location
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; 3. ZP fixing bytes specific for the program have to be loaded at location $67
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; 4. STARTFROMCART routine ($7DF4) has to be invoked
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;
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; The STARTFROMCART routine provides an additional entrypoint which doesn't
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; corrupt the required ZP variables.
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;
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;
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; A sample Applesoft BASIC program - lemonade stand simulator
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;
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; 3 segments need to be loaded:
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; 1. Applesoft BASIC
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;
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; 1. Applesoft BASIC binary
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; 2. lemonade stand program content
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; 3. zero page variables for lemonade stand program
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;
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@ -147,7 +240,7 @@ lemo_1_cont_start .word applesoft_cont
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lemo_2_len .word $1BF8
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lemo_2_addr .word $0801
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lemo_2_cont_start .word lemo_cont
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lemo_3_len .word $000D
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lemo_3_len .word $000E
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lemo_3_addr .word $0067
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lemo_3_cont_start .word lemo_fix_cont
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lemo_str .byt $16,"LEMONADE STAND (ASOFT)"
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@ -165,7 +258,7 @@ count10_1_cont_start .word applesoft_cont
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count10_2_len .word $0051
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count10_2_addr .word $0801
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count10_2_cont_start .word count10_cont
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count10_3_len .word $000D
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count10_3_len .word $000E
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count10_3_addr .word $0067
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count10_3_cont_start .word count10_fix_cont
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count10_str .byt $13,"COUNT TO 10 (ASOFT)"
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@ -178,6 +271,7 @@ count10_jmp_addr .word $7DF4
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basic_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/basic.bin"
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apple30th_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/apple30th.bin"
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memorytest_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/a1mt.bin"
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krusader_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/krusader.bin"
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disassembler_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/disassembler.bin"
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applesoft_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/applesoft-lite.bin"
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matrix_cont .bin 0,0,"inc/basic/matrix-0800-1000.bin"
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