reinette/reinette.c
2019-12-20 16:13:38 +01:00

570 lines
15 KiB
C

/*
Reinette, the french Apple 1 emulator
Last modified 19th of March 2019
Copyright (c) 2018, 2019 Arthur Ferreira
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <ncurses.h>
#include <unistd.h> // for usleep()
#include "woz.h"
#define RAMSIZE 0xC000 // 48KB
uint8_t ram[RAMSIZE];
#define CARRY 0x01
#define ZERO 0x02
#define INTERRUPT 0x04
#define DECIMAL 0x08
#define BREAK 0x10
#define UNDEFINED 0x20
#define OVERFLOW 0x40
#define SIGN 0x80
struct Operand{
bool setAcc;
uint16_t value, address;
}ope;
struct Register{
uint8_t A,X,Y,SR,SP;
uint16_t PC;
}reg;
uint8_t key, keyRdy;
// MEMORY AND I/O
static uint8_t readMem(uint16_t address){
static uint8_t queries=0; // slow down emulation when waiting for a keypress
if (address < RAMSIZE) return (ram[address]);
if (address >= ROMSTART) return (rom[address - ROMSTART]);
if (address == 0xD011 ){ // is there a keypressed ?
if (keyRdy) return(keyRdy); // yes
if (! ++queries) usleep(100); // else sleep 100ms every 256 iterations
return(0); // and return 0 (no keypressed)
}
if ((address == 0xD010) && keyRdy){ // is there a key waiting us ?
keyRdy = 0; // yes, reset the keyRdy flag
return(key | 0x80); // and return the key
}
return(0); // catch all
}
static void writeMem(uint16_t address, uint8_t value){
if (address < RAMSIZE) ram[address] = value;
else if (address == 0xD012){ // DSP, display one char
value &= 0x7F;
if (value == 0x7F) value = '@'; // make DEL printable
if (value == 0x0D) value = 0x0A; // CR (\r) to LF (\n)
if (value == 0x5F) // erase the previous character
printw("%c%c%c",0x08,0x20,0x08); // BackSpace, Space , BackSpace
else printw("%c",value);
}
}
// RESET
static void reset(){
reg.PC = readMem(0xFFFC) | (readMem(0xFFFD) << 8);
reg.SP = 0xFF;
reg.SR |= UNDEFINED;
ope.setAcc = false;
ope.value = 0;
ope.address = 0;
keyRdy = 0;
}
// STACK, SIGN AND ZERO FLAGS ROUTINES
static void push(uint8_t value){
writeMem(0x100 + reg.SP--, value);
}
uint8_t pull(){
return(readMem(0x100 + ++reg.SP));
}
static void setSZ(uint8_t value){ // updates both the Sign & Zero FLAGS
if (value & 0x00FF) reg.SR &= ~ZERO;
else reg.SR |= ZERO;
if (value & 0x80) reg.SR |= SIGN;
else reg.SR &= ~SIGN;
}
// ADDRESSING MODES
static void IMP(){ // Implicit
}
static void ACC(){ // ACCumulator
ope.value = reg.A;
ope.setAcc = true;
}
static void IMM(){ // IMMediate
ope.address = reg.PC++;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
static void ZPG(){ // Zero PaGe
ope.address = readMem(reg.PC++);
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
static void ZPX(){ // Zero PaGe,X
ope.address = (readMem(reg.PC++) + reg.X) & 0xFF;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
static void ZPY(){ // Zero PaGe,Y
ope.address = (readMem(reg.PC++) + reg.Y) & 0xFF;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
static void REL(){ // RELative (for branch instructions)
ope.address = readMem(reg.PC++);
if (ope.address & 0x80) ope.address |= 0xFF00; // branch backward
}
static void ABS(){ // ABSolute
ope.address = readMem(reg.PC) | (readMem(reg.PC + 1) << 8);
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
reg.PC += 2;
}
static void ABX(){ // ABsolute,X
ope.address = (readMem(reg.PC) | (readMem(reg.PC + 1) << 8)) + reg.X;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
reg.PC += 2;
}
static void ABY(){ // ABsolute,Y
ope.address = (readMem(reg.PC) | (readMem(reg.PC + 1) << 8)) + reg.Y;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
reg.PC += 2;
}
static void IND(){ // INDirect - JMP ($ABCD) with page-boundary wraparound bug
uint16_t vector1 = readMem(reg.PC) | (readMem(reg.PC + 1) << 8);
uint16_t vector2 = (vector1 & 0xFF00) | ((vector1 + 1) & 0x00FF);
ope.address = readMem(vector1) | (readMem(vector2) << 8);
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
reg.PC += 2;
}
static void IDX(){ // InDexed indirect X
uint16_t vector1 = ((readMem(reg.PC++) + reg.X) & 0xFF);
ope.address = readMem(vector1 & 0x00FF)|(readMem((vector1+1) & 0x00FF) << 8);
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
static void IDY(){ // InDirect Indexed Y
uint16_t vector1 = readMem(reg.PC++);
uint16_t vector2 = (vector1 & 0xFF00) | ((vector1 + 1) & 0x00FF);
ope.address = (readMem(vector1) | (readMem(vector2) << 8)) + reg.Y;
ope.value = readMem(ope.address);
}
// INSTRUCTIONS
static void NOP(){ // NO Operation
}
static void BRK(){ // BReaK
push(((++reg.PC) >> 8) & 0xFF);
push(reg.PC & 0xFF);
push(reg.SR | BREAK);
reg.SR |= INTERRUPT;
reg.PC = readMem(0xFFFE) | (readMem(0xFFFF) << 8);
}
static void CLD(){ // CLear Decimal
reg.SR &= ~DECIMAL;
}
static void SED(){ // SEt Decimal
reg.SR |= DECIMAL;
}
static void CLC(){ // CLear Carry
reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
}
static void SEC(){ // SEt Carry
reg.SR |= CARRY;
}
static void CLI(){ // CLear Interrupt
reg.SR &= ~INTERRUPT;
}
static void SEI(){ // SEt Interrupt
reg.SR |= INTERRUPT;
}
static void CLV(){ // CLear oVerflow
reg.SR &= ~OVERFLOW;
}
static void LDA(){ // LoaD Accumulator
reg.A = ope.value;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void LDX(){ // LoaD X
reg.X = ope.value;
setSZ(reg.X);
}
static void LDY(){ // LoaD Y
reg.Y = ope.value;
setSZ(reg.Y);
}
static void STA(){ // STore Accumulator
writeMem(ope.address, reg.A);
}
static void STX(){ // STore X
writeMem(ope.address, reg.X);
}
static void STY(){ // STore Y
writeMem(ope.address, reg.Y);
}
static void DEC(){ // DECrement
writeMem(ope.address, --ope.value);
setSZ(ope.value);
}
static void DEX(){ // DEcrement X
setSZ(--reg.X);
}
static void DEY(){ // DEcrement Y
setSZ(--reg.Y);
}
static void INC(){ // INCrement
writeMem(ope.address, ++ope.value);
setSZ(ope.value);
}
static void INX(){ // INcrement X
setSZ(++reg.X);
}
static void INY(){ // INcrement Y
setSZ(++reg.Y);
}
static void TAX(){ // Transfer Accumulator to X
reg.X = reg.A;
setSZ(reg.X);
}
static void TAY(){ // Transfer Accumulator to Y
reg.Y = reg.A;
setSZ(reg.Y);
}
static void TXA(){ // Transfer X to Accumulator
reg.A = reg.X;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void TYA(){ // Transfer Y to Accumulator
reg.A = reg.Y;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void TSX(){ // Transfer Sp to X
reg.X = reg.SP;
setSZ(reg.X);
}
static void TXS(){ // Transfer X to Sp
reg.SP = reg.X;
}
static void BEQ(){ // Branch on EQual (zero set)
if (reg.SR & ZERO) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BNE(){ // Branch on Not Equal (zero clear)
if (!(reg.SR & ZERO)) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BMI(){ // Branch if MInus (ie when negative, when SIGN is set)
if (reg.SR & SIGN) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BPL(){ // Branch if PLus (ie when positive, when SIGN is clear)
if (!(reg.SR & SIGN)) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BVS(){ // Branch on oVerflow Set
if (reg.SR & OVERFLOW) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BVC(){ // Branch on oVerflow Clear
if (!(reg.SR & OVERFLOW)) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void BCS(){ // Branch on Carry Set
if (reg.SR & CARRY) reg.PC +=ope.address;
}
static void BCC(){ // Branch on Carry Clear
if (!(reg.SR & CARRY)) reg.PC += ope.address;
}
static void PHA(){ // PusH A to the stack
push(reg.A);
}
static void PLA(){ // PulL stack into A
reg.A = pull();
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void PHP(){ // PusH Programm (Status) register to the stack
push(reg.SR | BREAK);
}
static void PLP(){ // PulL stack into Programm (SR) register
reg.SR = pull() | UNDEFINED;
}
static void JMP(){ // JuMP
reg.PC = ope.address;
}
static void JSR(){ // Jump Sub-Routine
push((--reg.PC >> 8) & 0xFF);
push(reg.PC & 0xFF);
reg.PC = ope.address;
}
static void RTS(){ // ReTurn from Sub-routine
reg.PC = (pull() | (pull() << 8)) + 1;
}
static void RTI(){ // ReTurn from Interrupt
reg.SR = pull();
reg.PC = pull() | (pull() << 8);
}
static void CMP(){ // Compare with A
setSZ(reg.A - ope.value);
if (reg.A >= ope.value) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
}
static void CPX(){ // Compare with X
setSZ(reg.X - ope.value);
if (reg.X >= ope.value) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
}
static void CPY(){ // Compare with Y
setSZ(reg.Y - ope.value);
if (reg.Y >= ope.value) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
}
static void AND(){ // AND with A
reg.A &= ope.value;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void ORA(){ // OR with A
reg.A |= ope.value;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void EOR(){ // Exclusive Or with A
reg.A ^= ope.value;
setSZ(reg.A);
}
static void BIT(){ // BIT with A - http://www.6502.org/tutorials/vflag.html
if (reg.A & ope.value) reg.SR &= ~ZERO;
else reg.SR |= ZERO;
reg.SR = (reg.SR & 0x3F) | (ope.value & 0xC0); // update SIGN & OVERFLOW
}
static void makeUpdates(uint8_t val){
if (ope.setAcc) reg.A = val;
else writeMem(ope.address, val);
ope.setAcc = false;
setSZ(val);
}
static void ASL(){ // Arithmetic Shift Left
uint16_t result = (ope.value << 1);
if (result & 0xFF00) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
makeUpdates((uint8_t)(result & 0xFF));
}
static void LSR(){ // Logical Shift Right
if (ope.value & 1) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
makeUpdates((uint8_t)((ope.value >> 1) & 0xFF));
}
static void ROL(){ // ROtate Left
uint16_t result = ((ope.value << 1) | (reg.SR & CARRY));
if (result & 0x100) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
makeUpdates((uint8_t)(result & 0xFF));
}
static void ROR(){ // ROtate Right
uint16_t result = (ope.value >> 1) | ((reg.SR & CARRY) << 7);
if (ope.value & 0x1) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
makeUpdates((uint8_t)(result & 0xFF));
}
static void ADC(){ // ADd with Carry
uint16_t result = reg.A + ope.value + (reg.SR & CARRY);
setSZ(result);
if (((result)^(reg.A ))&((result)^(ope.value))&0x0080) reg.SR |= OVERFLOW;
else reg.SR &= ~OVERFLOW;
if (reg.SR&DECIMAL) result += ((((result+0x66)^reg.A^ope.value)>>3)&0x22)*3;
if (result & 0xFF00) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
reg.A = (result & 0xFF);
}
static void SBC(){ // SuBtract with Carry
ope.value ^= 0xFF;
if (reg.SR & DECIMAL) ope.value -= 0x0066;
uint16_t result = reg.A + ope.value + (reg.SR & CARRY);
setSZ(result);
if (((result)^(reg.A ))&((result)^(ope.value))&0x0080) reg.SR |= OVERFLOW;
else reg.SR &= ~OVERFLOW;
if (reg.SR&DECIMAL) result += ((((result+0x66)^reg.A^ope.value)>>3)&0x22)*3;
if (result & 0xFF00) reg.SR |= CARRY;
else reg.SR &= ~CARRY;
reg.A = (result & 0xFF);
}
static void UND(){ // UNDefined (not a valid or supported 6502 opcode)
BRK();
}
// JUMP TABLES
static void (*instruction[])(void) = {
BRK, ORA, UND, UND, UND, ORA, ASL, UND, PHP, ORA, ASL, UND, UND, ORA, ASL, UND,
BPL, ORA, UND, UND, UND, ORA, ASL, UND, CLC, ORA, UND, UND, UND, ORA, ASL, UND,
JSR, AND, UND, UND, BIT, AND, ROL, UND, PLP, AND, ROL, UND, BIT, AND, ROL, UND,
BMI, AND, UND, UND, UND, AND, ROL, UND, SEC, AND, UND, UND, UND, AND, ROL, UND,
RTI, EOR, UND, UND, UND, EOR, LSR, UND, PHA, EOR, LSR, UND, JMP, EOR, LSR, UND,
BVC, EOR, UND, UND, UND, EOR, LSR, UND, CLI, EOR, UND, UND, UND, EOR, LSR, UND,
RTS, ADC, UND, UND, UND, ADC, ROR, UND, PLA, ADC, ROR, UND, JMP, ADC, ROR, UND,
BVS, ADC, UND, UND, UND, ADC, ROR, UND, SEI, ADC, UND, UND, UND, ADC, ROR, UND,
UND, STA, UND, UND, STY, STA, STX, UND, DEY, UND, TXA, UND, STY, STA, STX, UND,
BCC, STA, UND, UND, STY, STA, STX, UND, TYA, STA, TXS, UND, UND, STA, UND, UND,
LDY, LDA, LDX, UND, LDY, LDA, LDX, UND, TAY, LDA, TAX, UND, LDY, LDA, LDX, UND,
BCS, LDA, UND, UND, LDY, LDA, LDX, UND, CLV, LDA, TSX, UND, LDY, LDA, LDX, UND,
CPY, CMP, UND, UND, CPY, CMP, DEC, UND, INY, CMP, DEX, UND, CPY, CMP, DEC, UND,
BNE, CMP, UND, UND, UND, CMP, DEC, UND, CLD, CMP, UND, UND, UND, CMP, DEC, UND,
CPX, SBC, UND, UND, CPX, SBC, INC, UND, INX, SBC, NOP, UND, CPX, SBC, INC, UND,
BEQ, SBC, UND, UND, UND, SBC, INC, UND, SED, SBC, UND, UND, UND, SBC, INC, UND
};
static void (*addressing[])(void) = {
IMP, IDX, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, ACC, IMP, IMP, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP,
ABS, IDX, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, ACC, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP,
IMP, IDX, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, ACC, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP,
IMP, IDX, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, ACC, IMP, IND, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP,
IMP, IDX, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, ZPY, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, IMP, IMP,
IMM, IDX, IMM, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, IMP, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, ZPY, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, ABY, IMP,
IMM, IDX, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, IMP, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP,
IMM, IDX, IMP, IMP, ZPG, ZPG, ZPG, IMP, IMP, IMM, IMP, IMP, ABS, ABS, ABS, IMP,
REL, IDY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ZPX, ZPX, IMP, IMP, ABY, IMP, IMP, IMP, ABX, ABX, IMP
};
// PROGRAM ENTRY POINT
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
int i = 0 , ch = 0;
uint8_t opcode = 0;
// ncurses initialization
initscr();
cbreak();
noecho();
qiflush();
scrollok(stdscr, TRUE);
nodelay(stdscr, TRUE);
// processor reset
reset();
// main loop
while(1){
for (i=0; i<100; i++){ // execute 100 instructions before a kbd scan
opcode = readMem(reg.PC++); // FETCH and increment the Program Counter
addressing[opcode](); // DECODE operands against the addressing mode
instruction[opcode](); // EXEC the instruction
}
// keyboard controller
if (!keyRdy){ // only if not already a key in wait
if ((ch = getch()) != ERR){ // non blocking keybd read from ncurses
key = (uint8_t)ch; // getch() returns an int
if (key == 0x12) reset(); // CTRL-R, reset
else if (key == 0x02) BRK(); // CTRL-B, break
else {
if (key == 0x0A) key = 0x0D; // LF (\n) to CR (\r)
if ((key == 0x7F) || (key == 0x08)) key = 0x5F; // DEL and BS to _
if ((key >= 0x61) && (key <= 0x7A)) key &= 0xDF; // to upper case
keyRdy = 0x80;
}
}
}
}
}