module RAM2E(C14M, PHI1, 
			 nWE, nWE80, nEN80, nC07X,
			 Ain, Din, Dout, nDOE, Vout, nVOE,
			 CKE, nCS, nRAS, nCAS, nRWE,
			 BA, RA, RD, DQML, DQMH);

	/* Clocks */
	input C14M, PHI1;
	
	/* Control inputs */
	input nWE, nWE80, nEN80, nC07X;
	
 	/* Delay for EN80 signal */
	//output DelayOut = 1'b0;
	//input DelayIn;
	wire EN80 = ~nEN80;
	
	/* Address Bus */
	input [7:0] Ain; // Multiplexed DRAM address input
	
	/* 6502 Data Bus */
	input [7:0] Din; // 6502 data bus inputs
	output nDOE = ~(EN80 & nWE); // 6502 data bus output enable
	output reg [7:0] Dout; // 6502 data Bus output
	
	/* Video Data Bus */
	output nVOE = ~(~PHI1); /// Video data bus output enable
	output reg [7:0] Vout; // Video data bus

	/* SDRAM */
	output reg CKE = 0;
	output reg nCS = 1, nRAS = 1, nCAS = 1, nRWE = 1;
	output reg [1:0] BA;
	output reg [11:0] RA;
	output reg DQML = 1, DQMH = 1;
	wire RDOE = EN80 & ~nWE80;
	inout [7:0] RD = RDOE ? Din[7:0] : 8'bZ;
	
	/* RAMWorks Bank Register and Capacity Mask */
	reg [7:0] RWBank = 0; // RAMWorks bank register
	reg [7:0] RWMask = 0; // RAMWorks bank reg. capacity mask
	reg RWSel = 0; // RAMWorks bank register select
	reg RWMaskSet = 0; // RAMWorks Mask register set flag
	reg SetRWBankFF = 0; // Causes RWBank to be zeroed next RWSel access
	
	/* Command Sequence Detector */
	reg [2:0] CS = 0; // Command sequence state
	reg [2:0] CmdTout = 0; // Command sequence timeout

	/* UFM Interface */
	reg [15:8] UFMD = 0; // *Parallel* UFM data register
	reg ARCLK = 0; // UFM address register clock
	// UFM address register data input tied to 0
	reg ARShift = 0; // 1 to Shift UFM address in, 0 to increment
	reg DRCLK = 0; // UFM data register clock
	reg DRDIn = 0; // UFM data register input
	reg DRShift = 0; // 1 to shift UFM out, 0 to load from current address
	reg UFMErase = 0; // Rising edge starts erase. UFM+RTP must not be busy
	reg UFMProgram = 0; // Rising edge starts program. UFM+RTP must not be busy
	wire UFMBusy; // 1 if UFM is doing user operation. Asynchronous
	wire RTPBusy; // 1 if real-time programming in progress. Asynchronous
	wire DRDOut; // UFM data output
	// UFM oscillator always enabled
	wire UFMOsc; // UFM oscillator output (3.3-5.5 MHz)
	UFM UFM_inst ( // UFM IP block (for Altera MAX II and MAX V)
		.arclk (ARCLK),
		.ardin (1'b0),
		.arshft (ARShift),
		.drclk (DRCLK),
		.drdin (DRDIn),
		.drshft (DRShift),
		.erase (UFMErase),
		.oscena (1'b1),
		.program (UFMProgram),
		.busy (UFMBusy),
		.drdout (DRDOut),
		.osc (UFMOsc),
		.rtpbusy (RTPBusy));
	reg UFMBusyReg = 0; // UFMBusy registered to sync with C14M
	reg RTPBusyReg = 0; // RTPBusy registered to sync with C14M

	/* UFM State & User Command Triggers */
	reg UFMInitDone = 0; // 1 if UFM initialization finished
	reg UFMReqErase = 0; // 1 if UFM requires erase
	reg UFMBitbang = 0; // Set by user command. Loads UFM outputs next RWSel
	reg UFMPrgmEN = 0; // Set by user command. Programs UFM
	reg UFMEraseEN = 0; // Set by user command. Erases UFM
	reg DRCLKPulse = 0; // Set by user command. Causes DRCLK pulse next C14M

	/* State Counters */
	reg PHI1reg = 0; // Saved PHI1 at last rising clock edge
	reg Ready = 0; // 1 if done with init sequence (S0) and enter S1-S15
	reg [15:0] FS = 0; // Fast state counter
	reg [3:0] S = 0; // IIe State counter

	/* State Counters */
	always @(posedge C14M) begin
		// Increment fast state counter
		FS <= FS+1;
		// Synchronize Apple state counter to S1 when just entering PHI1
		PHI1reg <= PHI1; // Save old PHI1
		S <= (PHI1 & ~PHI1reg & Ready) ? 4'h1 : 
			S==4'h0 ? 4'h0 :
			S==4'hF ? 4'hF : S+1;
	end

	/* UFM Control */
	always @(posedge C14M) begin
		// Synchronize asynchronous UFM signals
		UFMBusyReg <= UFMBusy;
		RTPBusyReg <= RTPBusy;

		if (S==4'h0) begin
			if ((FS[15:13]==3'b101) | (FS[15:13]==3'b111 & UFMReqErase)) begin
				// In states AXXX-BXXX and also EXXX-FXXX if erase/wrap req'd
				// shift in 0's to address register
				ARCLK <= FS[0]; // Clock address register
				DRCLK <= 1'b0; // Don't clock data register
				ARShift <= 1'b1; // Shift address registers
				DRDIn <= 1'b0; // Don't care DRDIn
				DRShift <= 1'b0; // Don't care DRDShift
			end else if (~UFMInitDone & FS[15:13]==3'b110 & FS[4:1]==4'h4) begin
				// In states CXXX-DXXX (substep 4)
				// Xfer to data reg (repeat 256x 1x)
				ARCLK <= 1'b0; // Don't clock address register
				DRCLK <= FS[0]; // Clock data register
				ARShift <= 1'b0; // Don't care ARShift
				DRDIn <= 1'b0; // Don't care DRDIn
				DRShift <= 1'b0; // Don't care DRShift
			end else if (~UFMInitDone & FS[15:13]==3'b110 & FS[4]==1'b1) begin
				// In states CXXX-DXXX (substeps 8-F)
				// Save UFM D15-8, shift out D14-7 (repeat 256x 8x)
				DRCLK <= FS[0]; // Clock data register
				ARShift <= 1'b0; // ARShift is 0 because we want to increment
				DRDIn <= 1'b0; // Don't care what to shift into data register
				DRShift <= 1'b1; // Shift data register
				// Shift into UFMD
				if (FS[0]) UFMD[15:8] <= {UFMD[14:8], DRDOut};

				// Compare and store mask
				if (FS[4:1]==4'hF) begin
					ARCLK <= FS[0]; // Clock address register to increment
					// If byte is erased (0xFF, i.e. all 1's, is erased)...
					if (UFMD[14:8]==7'b1111111 & DRDOut==1'b1) begin
						// Current UFM address is where we want to store
						UFMInitDone <= 1'b1; // Quit iterating
					// Otherwise byte is valid setting (i.e. some bit is 0)...
					end else begin
						// Set RWMask, but if saved mask is 0x80, store ~0xFF
						if (UFMD[14:8]==7'b1000000 & DRDOut==1'b0) begin
							RWMask[7:0] <= {1'b1, ~7'h7F};
						end else RWMask[7:0] <= {UFMD[14], ~UFMD[13:8], ~DRDOut};
						// If last byte in sector...
						if (FS[12:5]==8'hFF) begin
							UFMReqErase <= 1'b1; // Mark need to erase
						end
					end
				end else ARCLK <= 1'b0; // Don't clock address register
			end else begin
				ARCLK <= 1'b0;
				DRCLK <= 1'b0;
				ARShift <= 1'b0;
				DRDIn <= 1'b0;
				DRShift <= 1'b0;
			end

			// Don't erase or program UFM during initialization 
			UFMErase <= 1'b0;
			UFMProgram <= 1'b0;
			// Keep DRCLK pulse control disabled during init
			DRCLKPulse <= 1'b0;
		end else begin
			// Can only shift UFM data register now
			ARCLK <= 1'b0;
			ARShift <= 1'b0;
			DRShift <= 1'b1;

			// UFM bitbang control
			if (UFMBitbang & CS==3'h7 & RWSel & S==4'hC) begin
				DRDIn <= Din[6];
				DRCLKPulse <= Din[7];
				DRCLK <= 1'b0;
			end else begin
				DRCLKPulse <= 1'b0;
				DRCLK <= DRCLKPulse;
			end
			
			// Set capacity mask
			if (RWMaskSet & RWSel & S==4'hC) RWMask[7:0] <= {Din[7], ~Din[6:0]};

			// UFM programming sequence
			if (UFMPrgmEN | UFMEraseEN) begin
				if (~UFMBusyReg & ~RTPBusyReg) begin
					if (UFMReqErase | UFMEraseEN) UFMErase <= 1'b1;
					else if (UFMPrgmEN) UFMProgram <= 1'b1;
				end else if (UFMBusyReg) UFMReqErase <= 1'b0;
			end
		end
	end

	/* SDRAM Control */
	always @(posedge C14M) begin
		if (S==4'h0) begin 
			// SDRAM initialization
			if (FS[15:0]==16'hFFC0) begin
				// Precharge All
				nCS <= 1'b0;
				nRAS <= 1'b0;
				nCAS <= 1'b1;
				nRWE <= 1'b0;
				RA[10] <= 1'b1; // "all"
			end else if (FS[15:4]==16'hFFD & FS[0]==1'b0) begin // Repeat 8x
				// Auto-refresh
				nCS <= 1'b0;	
				nRAS <= 1'b0;
				nCAS <= 1'b0;
				nRWE <= 1'b1;
				RA[10] <= 1'b0;
			end else if (FS[15:0]==16'hFFE8) begin
				// Set Mode Register
				nCS <= 1'b0;
				nRAS <= 1'b0;
				nCAS <= 1'b0;
				nRWE <= 1'b0;
				RA[10] <= 1'b0; // Reserved in mode register
			end else if (FS[15:4]==12'hFFF & FS[0]==1'b0) begin // Repeat 8x
				// Auto-refresh
				nCS <= 1'b0;
				nRAS <= 1'b0;
				nCAS <= 1'b0;
				nRWE <= 1'b1;
				RA[10] <= 1'b0;
			end else begin // Otherwise send no-op
				// NOP
				nCS <= 1'b1;
				nRAS <= 1'b1;
				nCAS <= 1'b1;
				nRWE <= 1'b1;
				RA[10] <= 1'b0;
			end
			// Enable SDRAM clock after 65,280 cycles (~4.56ms)
			CKE <= FS[15:8] == 8'hFF;

			// Mode register contents
			BA[1:0] <= 2'b00;		// Reserved
			RA[11] <= 1'b0;			// Reserved
			// RA[10] set above ^
			RA[9] <= 1'b1;			// "1" for single write mode
			RA[8] <= 1'b0;			// Reserved
			RA[7] <= 1'b0;			// "0" for not test mode
			RA[6:4] <= 3'b010;		// "2" for CAS latency 2
			RA[3] <= 1'b0;			// "0" for sequential burst (not used)
			RA[2:0] <= 3'b000;		// "0" for burst length 1 (no burst)

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;

			// Begin normal operation after 128k init cycles (~9.15ms)
			if (FS == 16'hFFFF) Ready <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h1) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;

			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h2) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// Activate
			nCS <= 1'b0;
			nRAS <= 1'b0;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// SDRAM bank 0, high-order row address is 0
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;
			// Row address is as previously latched

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h3) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// Read
			nCS <= 1'b0;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b0;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// SDRAM bank 0, RA[11,9:8] don't care
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11] <= 1'b0;
			RA[10] <= 1'b1; // (A10 set to auto-precharge)
			RA[9] <= 1'b0;
			RA[8] <= 1'b0;
			// Latch column address for read command
			RA[7:0] <= Ain[7:0];

			// Read low byte (high byte is +4MB in ramworks)
			DQML <= 1'b0;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h4) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h5) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h6) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			if (FS[6:4]==0) begin
				// Auto-refresh
				nCS <= 1'b0;
				nRAS <= 1'b0;
				nCAS <= 1'b0;
				nRWE <= 1'b1;
			end else begin
				// NOP
				nCS <= 1'b1;
				nRAS <= 1'b1;
				nCAS <= 1'b1;
				nRWE <= 1'b1;
			end

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h7) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;
			// Latch row address for activate command
			RA[7:0] <= Ain[7:0];

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h8) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// Activate
			nCS <= 1'b0;
			nRAS <= 1'b0;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// SDRAM bank, RA[11:8] determine by RamWorks bank
			BA <= RWBank[5:4];
			RA[11:8] <= RWBank[3:0];
			// Row address is as previously latched

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'h9) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// Read/Write
			nCS <= 1'b0;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b0;
			nRWE <= nWE80;

			// SDRAM bank still determined by RamWorks, RA[11,9:8] don't care
			BA <= RWBank[5:4];
			RA[11] <= 1'b0;
			RA[10] <= 1'b1; // (A10 set to auto-precharge)
			RA[9] <= 1'b0;
			RA[8] <= RWBank[7];
			// Latch column address for R/W command
			RA[7:0] <= Ain[7:0];

			// Latch RAMWorks low nybble write select using old row address
			RWSel <= RA[0] & ~RA[3] & ~nWE & ~nC07X;

			// Mask according to RAMWorks bank (high byte is +4MB)
			DQML <= RWBank[6];
			DQMH <= ~RWBank[6];
		end else if (S==4'hA) begin
			// Enable clock
			CKE <= 1'b1;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'hB) begin
			// Disable clock
			CKE <= 1'b0;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'hC) begin
			// Disable clock
			CKE <= 1'b0;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;

			// RAMWorks Bank Register Select
			if (RWSel) begin
				// Latch RAMWorks bank if accessed
				if (SetRWBankFF) RWBank <= 8'hFF;
				else RWBank <= Din[7:0] & {RWMask[7], ~RWMask[6:0]};

				// Recognize command sequence and advance CS state
				if ((CS==3'h0 & Din[7:0]==8'hFF) |
					(CS==3'h1 & Din[7:0]==8'h00) |
					(CS==3'h2 & Din[7:0]==8'h55) |
					(CS==3'h3 & Din[7:0]==8'hAA) |
					(CS==3'h4 & Din[7:0]==8'hC1) |
					(CS==3'h5 & Din[7:0]==8'hAD) |
					 CS==3'h6 | CS==3'h7) CS <= CS+1;
				else CS <= 0; // Back to beginning if it's not right
				
				if (CS==3'h6) begin // Recognize and submit command in CS6
					SetRWBankFF <= Din[7:0]==8'hFF;
					if (Din[7:0]==8'hEF) UFMPrgmEN <= 1'b1;
					if (Din[7:0]==8'hEE) UFMEraseEN <= 1'b1;
					UFMBitbang <= Din[7:0]==8'hEA;
					RWMaskSet <= Din[7:0]==8'hE0;
				end else begin // Reset command triggers
					SetRWBankFF <= 1'b0;
					UFMBitbang <= 1'b0;
					RWMaskSet <= 1'b0;
				end

				CmdTout <= 0; // Reset command timeout if RWSel accessed
			end else begin 
				CmdTout <= CmdTout+1; // Increment command timeout
				// If command sequence times out, reset sequence state
				if (CmdTout==3'h7) CS <= 0;
			end
		end else if (S==4'hD) begin
			// Disable clock
			CKE <= 1'b0;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'hE) begin
			// Disable clock
			CKE <= 1'b0;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;
			// Latch row address for next video read
			RA[7:0] <= Ain[7:0];

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end else if (S==4'hF) begin
			// Disable clock
			CKE <= 1'b0;
			
			// NOP
			nCS <= 1'b1;
			nRAS <= 1'b1;
			nCAS <= 1'b1;
			nRWE <= 1'b1;

			// Don't care bank, RA[11:8]
			BA <= 2'b00;
			RA[11:8] <= 4'b0000;
			// Latch row address for next video read
			RA[7:0] <= Ain[7:0];

			// Mask everything
			DQML <= 1'b1;
			DQMH <= 1'b1;
		end 
	end
	always @(negedge C14M) begin
		// Latch video and read data outputs
		if (S==4'h6) Vout[7:0] <= RD[7:0];
		if (S==4'hC) Dout[7:0] <= RD[7:0];
	end
endmodule