aiie/apple/nibutil.cpp

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#include "nibutil.h"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "disktypes.h"
// Default disk volume identifier
#define DISK_VOLUME 254
// 4-and-4 encoding handlers
#define nib1(a) (((a & 0xAA) >> 1) | 0xAA)
#define nib2(b) (((b & 0x55) ) | 0xAA)
#define denib(a, b) ((((a) & ~0xAA) << 1) | ((b) & ~0xAA))
// In 6-and-2 encoding, there are 86 (0x56) 6-bit values
#define SIXBIT_SPAN 0x56
typedef struct _bitPtr {
uint16_t idx;
uint8_t bitIdx;
} bitPtr;
#define INCIDX(p) { p->bitIdx >>= 1; if (!p->bitIdx) {p->bitIdx = 0x80; p->idx++;} }
const static uint8_t _trans[64] = {0x96, 0x97, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9d, 0x9e, 0x9f, 0xa6,
0xa7, 0xab, 0xac, 0xad, 0xae, 0xaf, 0xb2, 0xb3,
0xb4, 0xb5, 0xb6, 0xb7, 0xb9, 0xba, 0xbb, 0xbc,
0xbd, 0xbe, 0xbf, 0xcb, 0xcd, 0xce, 0xcf, 0xd3,
0xd6, 0xd7, 0xd9, 0xda, 0xdb, 0xdc, 0xdd, 0xde,
0xdf, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec,
0xed, 0xee, 0xef, 0xf2, 0xf3, 0xf4, 0xf5, 0xf6,
0xf7, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd, 0xfe, 0xff};
// This is the inverted DOS 3.3 RWTS Write Table (high bit
// stripped). Any "bad" value is stored as 0xFF.
const static uint8_t _detrans[0x80] = {0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00, 0x04,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x08, 0x0C, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x14, 0x18,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x1C, 0x20,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x24, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x30, 0x34,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x38, 0x3C, 0x40, 0x44, 0x48, 0x4C,
0xFF, 0x50, 0x54, 0x58, 0x5C, 0x60, 0x64, 0x68,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x6C, 0xFF, 0x70, 0x74, 0x78,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x7C, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x80, 0x84,
0xFF, 0x88, 0x8C, 0x90, 0x94, 0x98, 0x9C, 0xA0,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xA4, 0xA8, 0xAC,
0xFF, 0xB0, 0xB4, 0xB8, 0xBC, 0xC0, 0xC4, 0xC8,
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xCC, 0xD0, 0xD4, 0xD8, 0xDC, 0xE0,
0xFF, 0xE4, 0xE8, 0xEC, 0xF0, 0xF4, 0xF8, 0xFC };
// dos 3.3 to physical sector conversion
const static uint8_t dephys[16] = {
0x00, 0x07, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x0d, 0x05, 0x0c, 0x04,
0x0b, 0x03, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x09, 0x01, 0x08, 0x0f };
// Prodos to physical sector conversion
const uint8_t deProdosPhys[] = {
0x00, 0x08, 0x01, 0x09, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x0b,
0x04, 0x0c, 0x05, 0x0d, 0x06, 0x0e, 0x07, 0x0f };
uint8_t de44(uint8_t nibs[2])
{
return denib(nibs[0], nibs[1]);
}
static void _packBit(uint8_t *output, bitPtr *ptr, uint8_t isOn)
{
if (isOn)
output[ptr->idx] |= ptr->bitIdx;
INCIDX(ptr);
}
static void _packGap(uint8_t *output, bitPtr *ptr)
{
for (int i=0; i<8; i++)
_packBit(output, ptr, 1);
_packBit(output, ptr, 0);
_packBit(output, ptr, 0);
}
static void _packByte(uint8_t *output, bitPtr *ptr, uint8_t v)
{
for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
_packBit(output, ptr, v & (1 << (7-i)));
}
}
// Take 256 bytes of input and turn it in to 343 bytes of nibblized output
static void _encodeData(uint8_t *outputBuffer, bitPtr *ptr, const uint8_t input[256])
{
int ptr2 = 0;
int ptr6 = 0x56;
static int nibbles[0x156];
memset(nibbles, 0, sizeof(nibbles));
int idx2 = 0x55;
for (int idx6 = 0x101; idx6 >= 0; idx6--) {
int val6 = input[idx6 & 0xFF];
int val2 = nibbles[ptr2 + idx2];
val2 = (val2 << 1) | (val6 & 1);
val6 >>= 1;
val2 = (val2 << 1) | (val6 & 1);
val6 >>= 1;
// There are 2 "extra" bytes of 2-bit data that we add in here.
if (ptr6 + idx6 < 0x156) {
nibbles[ptr6 + idx6] = val6;
}
if (ptr2 + idx2 < 0x156) {
nibbles[ptr2 + idx2] = val2;
}
if (--idx2 < 0) {
idx2 = 0x55;
}
}
// mask out the "extra" 2-bit data above. Note that the Apple decoders
// don't care about the extra bits, so taking these back out isn't
// operationally important.
nibbles[0x54] &= 0x0F;
nibbles[0x55] &= 0x0F;
int lastv = 0;
for (int idx = 0; idx < 0x156; idx++) {
int val = nibbles[idx];
_packByte(outputBuffer, ptr, _trans[lastv ^ val]);
lastv = val;
}
_packByte(outputBuffer, ptr, _trans[lastv]);
}
static uint8_t _whichBit(uint8_t bitIdx)
{
switch (bitIdx) {
case 0x80:
return 0;
case 0x40:
return 1;
case 0x20:
return 2;
case 0x10:
return 3;
case 0x08:
return 4;
case 0x04:
return 5;
case 0x02:
return 6;
case 0x01:
return 7;
default:
return 0; // not used
}
/* NOTREACHED */
}
// rawTrackBuffer is input (dsk/po format); outputBuffer is encoded
// nibbles (416*16 bytes). Returns the number of bits actually
// encoded.
uint32_t nibblizeTrack(uint8_t outputBuffer[NIBTRACKSIZE], const uint8_t rawTrackBuffer[256*16],
uint8_t diskType, int8_t track)
{
int checksum;
bitPtr ptr = { 0, 0x80 };
for (uint8_t sector=0; sector<16; sector++) {
for (uint8_t i=0; i<16; i++) {
_packGap(outputBuffer, &ptr);
}
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xD5); // prolog
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xAA);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0x96);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib1(DISK_VOLUME));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib2(DISK_VOLUME));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib1(track));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib2(track));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib1(sector));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib2(sector));
checksum = DISK_VOLUME ^ track ^ sector;
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib1(checksum));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, nib2(checksum));
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xDE); // epilog
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xAA);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xEB);
for (uint8_t i=0; i<5; i++) {
_packGap(outputBuffer, &ptr);
}
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xD5); // data prolog
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xAA);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xAD);
uint8_t physicalSector = (diskType == T_PO ? deProdosPhys[sector] : dephys[sector]);
_encodeData(outputBuffer, &ptr, &rawTrackBuffer[physicalSector * 256]);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xDE); // data epilog
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xAA);
_packByte(outputBuffer, &ptr, 0xEB);
for (uint8_t i=0; i<16; i++) {
_packGap(outputBuffer, &ptr);
}
}
return (ptr.idx*8 + _whichBit(ptr.bitIdx));
}
// Pop the next 343 bytes off of trackBuffer, which should be 342
// 6:2-bit GCR encoded values, which we decode back in to 256 8-byte
// output values; and one checksum byte.
//
// Return true if we've successfully consumed 343 bytes from
// trackBuf.
static bool _decodeData(const uint8_t trackBuffer[343], uint8_t output[256])
{
static uint8_t workbuf[342];
for (int i=0; i<342; i++) {
uint8_t in = *(trackBuffer++) & 0x7F; // strip high bit
workbuf[i] = _detrans[in];
if (workbuf[i] == 0xFF) // bad data is untranslatable
return false;
}
// fixme: collapse this in to the previous loop
uint8_t prev = 0;
for (int i=0; i<342; i++) {
workbuf[i] = prev ^ workbuf[i];
prev = workbuf[i];
}
#if 0
if (prev != trackBuffer[342]) {
printf("ERROR: checksum of sector is incorrect [0x%X v 0x%X]\n", prev, trackBuffer[342]);
return false;
}
#endif
// Start with all of the bytes with 6 bits of data
for (uint16_t i=0; i<256; i++) {
output[i] = workbuf[SIXBIT_SPAN + i] & 0xFC; // 6 bits
}
// Then pull in all of the 2-bit values, which are stuffed 3 to a byte. That gives us
// 4 bits more than we need - the last two skip two of the bits.
for (uint8_t i=0; i<SIXBIT_SPAN; i++) {
// This byte (workbuf[i]) has 2 bits for each of 3 output bytes:
// i, SIXBIT_SPAN+i, and 2*SIXBIT_SPAN+i
uint8_t thisbyte = workbuf[i];
output[ i] |= ((thisbyte & 0x08) >> 3) | ((thisbyte & 0x04) >> 1);
output[ SIXBIT_SPAN + i] |= ((thisbyte & 0x20) >> 5) | ((thisbyte & 0x10) >> 3);
if (i < SIXBIT_SPAN-2) {
output[2*SIXBIT_SPAN + i] |= ((thisbyte & 0x80) >> 7) | ((thisbyte & 0x40) >> 5);
}
}
return true;
}
// trackBuffer is input NIB data; rawTrackBuffer is output DSK/PO data
nibErr denibblizeTrack(const uint8_t input[NIBTRACKSIZE], uint8_t rawTrackBuffer[256*16],
uint8_t diskType, int8_t track)
{
// bitmask of the sectors that we've found while decoding. We should
// find all 16.
uint16_t sectorsUpdated = 0;
// loop through the data twice, so we make sure we read anything
// that crosses the end/start boundary
uint16_t startOfSector;
for (uint16_t i=0; i<2*416*16; i++) {
// Find the prolog
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xD5)
continue;
startOfSector = i;
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xAA)
continue;
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0x96)
continue;
i++;
// And now we should be in the header section
uint8_t volumeID = denib(input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE],
input[(i+1) % NIBTRACKSIZE]);
i += 2;
uint8_t trackID = denib(input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE],
input[(i+1) % NIBTRACKSIZE]);
i += 2;
uint8_t sectorNum = denib(input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE],
input[(i+1) % NIBTRACKSIZE]);
i += 2;
uint8_t headerChecksum = denib(input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE],
input[(i+1) % NIBTRACKSIZE]);
i += 2;
if (headerChecksum != (volumeID ^ trackID ^ sectorNum)) {
continue;
}
// check for the epilog
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xDE) {
continue;
}
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xAA) {
continue;
}
i++;
// Skip to the data prolog
while (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xD5) {
i++;
}
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xAA)
continue;
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xAD)
continue;
i++;
// Decode the data in to a temporary buffer: we don't want to overwrite
// something valid with partial data
uint8_t output[256];
// create a new nibData (in case it wraps around our track data)
uint8_t nibData[343];
for (int j=0; j<343; j++) {
nibData[j] = input[(i+j)%NIBTRACKSIZE];
}
if (!_decodeData(nibData, output)) {
return errorBadData;
}
i += 343;
// Check the data epilog
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xDE)
continue;
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xAA)
continue;
i++;
if (input[i % NIBTRACKSIZE] != 0xEB)
continue;
i++;
// We've got a whole block! Put it in the rawTrackBuffer and mark
// the bit for it in sectorsUpdated.
// FIXME: if trackID != curTrack, that's an error?
uint8_t targetSector;
if (diskType == T_PO) {
targetSector = deProdosPhys[sectorNum];
} else {
targetSector = dephys[sectorNum];
}
if (targetSector > 16)
return errorBadData;
memcpy(&rawTrackBuffer[targetSector * 256],
output,
256);
sectorsUpdated |= (1 << sectorNum);
}
// Check that we found all of the sectors for this track
if (sectorsUpdated != 0xFFFF) {
return errorMissingSectors;
}
return errorNone;
}