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updated for full 65c02 and linuxfb
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README.md
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README.md
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Aiie!
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=====
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# Aiie!
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Aiie! is an Apple //e emulator, written ground-up for the Teensy
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3.6.
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@ -8,19 +7,17 @@ The name comes from a game I used to play on the Apple //e back
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around 1986 - Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, published by Quality
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Software in 1981.
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http://crpgaddict.blogspot.com/2013/07/game-103-ali-baba-and-forty-thieves-1981.html
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[http://crpgaddict.blogspot.com/2013/07/game-103-ali-baba-and-forty-thieves-1981.html](http://crpgaddict.blogspot.com/2013/07/game-103-ali-baba-and-forty-thieves-1981.html)
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When characters in the game did damage to each other, they exclaimed
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something like "HAH! JUST A SCRATCH!" or "AAARGH!" or "OH MA, I THINK
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ITS MY TIME" [sic]. One of these exclamations was "AIIYEEEEE!!"
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Build log:
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----------
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## Build log:
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https://hackaday.io/project/19925-aiie-an-embedded-apple-e-emulator
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[https://hackaday.io/project/19925-aiie-an-embedded-apple-e-emulator](https://hackaday.io/project/19925-aiie-an-embedded-apple-e-emulator)
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Getting the ROMs
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================
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# Getting the ROMs
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As with many emulators, you have to go get the ROMs yourself. I've got
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the ROMs that I dumped out of my Apple //e. You can probably get yours
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@ -44,8 +41,7 @@ The MD5 sums of those files are:
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From those, the appropriate headers will be automatically generated by
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"make roms" (or any other target that relies on the ROMs).
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Building (for the Teensy)
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=========================
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# Building (for the Teensy)
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The directory 'teensy' contains 'teensy.ino' - the Arduino development
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environment project file. You'll need to open that up and compile from
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@ -73,8 +69,7 @@ I compile this with optimization set to "Faster" for the Teensy 3.6 at
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better video performance, all the way up to 240MHz, but still not
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perfect. Do as you see fit :)
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Environment and Libraries
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-------------------------
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## Environment and Libraries
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I built this with arduino 1.8.5 and TeensyDuino 1.40.
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@ -85,7 +80,7 @@ SPI; EEPROM; Time; Keypad.
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I'm also using these libraries that don't come with TeensyDuino:
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### SdFat ###
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### SdFat
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SD card support - accelerated for the Teensy, and with long filename support.
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@ -95,8 +90,7 @@ SD card support - accelerated for the Teensy, and with long filename support.
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Running (on the Teensy)
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=======================
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# Running (on the Teensy)
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The reset/menu button brings up a BIOS menu:
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@ -117,27 +111,23 @@ The reset/menu button brings up a BIOS menu:
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Prioritize Display/Audio
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Reset
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-----
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## Reset
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This is the same as control-reset on the actual hardware. If you
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want to execute the Apple //e self-test, then hold down the two
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joystick buttons; hit the reset/menu key; and select "Reset".
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Cold Reboot
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-----------
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## Cold Reboot
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This resets much of the hardware to a default state and forces a
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reboot. (You can get the self-test using this, too.)
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Drop to Monitor
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---------------
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## Drop to Monitor
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"Drop to Monitor" tries fairly hard to get you back to a monitor
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prompt. Useful for debugging, probably not for much else.
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Display
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-------
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## Display
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"Display" has four values, and they're only really implemented for
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text and hi-res modes (not for lo-res modes). To describe them, I have
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@ -164,8 +154,7 @@ between them.
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The last mode is "Monochrome" which looks like the original "Monitor
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II", a black-and-green display.
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Debug
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-----
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## Debug
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This has several settings:
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@ -180,16 +169,14 @@ This has several settings:
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... these are all fairly self-explanatory.
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Insert/Eject Disk1/2 HD1/2
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--------------------------
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## Insert/Eject Disk1/2 HD1/2
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Fairly self-explanatory. Disks may be .dsk, .po, or .nib images
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(although .nib images aren't very heavily tested, particularly for
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write support). Hard drives are raw 32MB files, whose filenames must
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end in .img.
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Suspend and Restore
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-------------------
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## Suspend and Restore
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The Teensy can be fully suspended and restored - including what disks
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are inserted. It's a full VM hibernation. It currently writes to a
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@ -198,8 +185,7 @@ to be able to select from multiple suspend/restore files
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eventually. It wouldn't be terribly hard; it's just that the BIOS
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interface is very limited.)
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Prioritize Display/Audio
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------------------------
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## Prioritize Display/Audio
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Any Apple emulator needs real-time support for audio. The hardware is
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very direct: when a particular memory location ($C030) is read from or
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@ -239,27 +225,40 @@ the CPU that also means the audio will be very messed up.
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So this BIOS option lets you choose whether you want good audio or good video.
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Building (on a Mac)
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===================
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# Building (on a Mac)
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While this isn't the purpose of the emulator, it is functional, and is
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my first test target for most of the work. With MacOS 10.11.6 and
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Homebrew, you can build and run it like this:
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```
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<pre>
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$ make
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$ ./aiie-sdl /path/to/disk.dsk
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</pre>
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```
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As the name implies, this requires that SDL is installed and in
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/usr/local/lib. I've done that with Homebrew like this
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```
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<pre>
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$ brew install sdl2
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</pre>
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```
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Mockingboard
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============
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# Building (on Linux)
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I've been experimenting with Aiie running under a handmade OS on a Raspberry Pi Zero W; the hardware is decent, and cheap. I just don't want Linux in the way. So I built JOSS (see [https://hackaday.io/project/19925-aiie-an-embedded-apple-e-emulator/log/87286-entry-18-pi-zero-w-and-joss](my Hackaday page about JOSS)).
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Well, performance under JOSS is poor, so I built a Linux framebuffer wrapper for Aiie so that I can do performance testing on the Zero W, directly between JOSS and Linux.
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```
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$ make linuxfb
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$ ./linuxfb
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```
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# Mockingboard
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Mockingboard support is slowly taking shape, based on the schematic in
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the Apple II Documentation Project:
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@ -272,8 +271,7 @@ and run the speaker at full tilt; but maybe that's primarily a
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function of the throughput to the display, and adding the Mockingboard
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support won't require further sacrifice...
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VM
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==
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# VM
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The virtual machine architecture is broken in half - the virtual and
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physical pieces. There's the root VM object (vm.h), which ties
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@ -306,34 +304,36 @@ some sort of Prefs class:
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</pre>
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CPU
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===
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# CPU
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The CPU is a 65C02, not quite complete; it supports all of the 65C02
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documented opcodes but not the undocumented ones here:
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The CPU is a full and complete 65C02. It supports all of the 65C02
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documented and undocumented opcodes:
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http://www.oxyron.de/html/opcodes02.html
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The timing of the CPU is also not quite correct. It's close, but
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The timing of the CPU is close to, but not quite, correct. It
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doesn't count cycles due to page boundary crossings during branch
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instructions. (See the "cycle count footnotes" in cpu.cpp.)
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instructions, for example. (See the "cycle count footnotes" in cpu.cpp.)
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The CPU passes the 6502 functional test from here:
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The CPU passes all of the the 6502 tests from here, including the undocumented ADC and SBC handling of Decimal mode and the overflow flag:
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https://github.com/Klaus2m5/6502_65C02_functional_tests
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... which is included in binary form in the test harness (see the .h
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files in util/ for notes).
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testharness.basic should reach "test number 240", hang for a while,
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and then exit.
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Doing a
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```
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$ make test
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```
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will build the test harness and execute the three tests that encompass all others. (There are more tests in the **tests/** directory - only 3 of them are truly unique.) Two of the tests should emit
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All tests successful!
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while the third says
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Test complete. Result: passed
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testharness.verbose should show that it gets through 43 tests, test
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240, and then loops repeatedly for a while (exiting at a somewhat
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arbitrary point).
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testharness.extended currently fails (hanging at 0x733) because I
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haven't implemented the undocumented opcodes. It should get to address
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0x24a8 and hang. Some day I'll finish implementing all of the
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undocumented opcodes :)
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