#ifdef TEENSYDUINO #include #else #include #include #endif #include "applemmu.h" #include "applemmu-rom.h" #include "physicalspeaker.h" #include "cpu.h" #include "mockingboard.h" #include "globals.h" // apple //e memory map /* page 0x00: zero page (straight ram) page 0x01: stack (straight ram) page 0x02: page 0x03: text/lores page 1: 0x0400 - 0x7FF text/lores page 2: 0x0800 - 0xBFF pages 0x0C - 0x1F: straight ram hires page 1: pages 0x20 - 0x3F hires page 2: pages 0x40 - 0x5F pages 0x60 - 0xBF: straight ram page 0xc0: I/O switches pages 0xc1 - 0xcf: slot ROMs pages 0xd0 - 0xdf: Basic ROM pages 0xe0 - 0xff: monitor ROM */ AppleMMU::AppleMMU(AppleDisplay *display) { anyKeyDown = false; keyboardStrobe = 0x00; isOpenApplePressed = false; isClosedApplePressed = false; for (int8_t i=0; i<=7; i++) { slots[i] = NULL; } allocateMemory(); this->display = display; this->display->setSwitches(&switches); resetRAM(); // initialize RAM, load ROM } AppleMMU::~AppleMMU() { delete display; // FIXME: clean up the memory we allocated } void AppleMMU::Reset() { resetRAM(); resetDisplay(); // sets the switches properly } uint8_t AppleMMU::read(uint16_t address) { if (address >= 0xC000 && address <= 0xC0FF) { return readSwitches(address); } // If C800-CFFF isn't latched to a slot ROM, and we try to // access a slot's memory space from C100-C7FF, then we need // to latch in the slot's ROM. if (slotLatch == -1 && address >= 0xc100 && address <= 0xc7ff) { slotLatch = (address >> 8) & 0x07; if (slotLatch == 3 && slot3rom) { // Back off: UTA2E p. 5-28: don't latch in slot 3 ROM while // the slot3rom flag is enabled // fixme slotLatch = 3; } else { updateMemoryPages(); } } // If we access CFFF, that unlatches slot ROM. if (address == 0xCFFF) { slotLatch = -1; updateMemoryPages(); } // FIXME: assumes slot 4 is a mockingboard if (slots[4] && address >= 0xC400 && address <= 0xC4FF) { return ((Mockingboard *)slots[4])->read(address); } uint8_t res = readPages[address >> 8][address & 0xFF]; return res; } // Bypass MMU and read directly from a given page - also bypasses switches uint8_t AppleMMU::readDirect(uint16_t address, uint8_t fromPage) { return ramPages[address >> 8][fromPage][address & 0xFF]; } void AppleMMU::write(uint16_t address, uint8_t v) { if (address >= 0xC000 && address <= 0xC0FF) { return writeSwitches(address, v); } // FIXME: assumes slot4 is a mockingboard if (slots[4] && address >= 0xC400 && address <= 0xC4FF) { ((Mockingboard *)slots[4])->write(address, v); return; } // Don't allow writes to ROM // Hard ROM, I/O, slots, whatnot if (address >= 0xC100 && address <= 0xCFFF) return; // Bank-switched ROM/RAM areas if (address >= 0xD000 && address <= 0xFFFF && !writebsr) { return; } writePages[address >> 8][address & 0xFF] = v; if (address >= 0x400 && address <= 0x7FF) { // If it's text mode, or mixed mode, or lores graphics mode, then update. if ((switches & S_TEXT) || (switches & S_MIXED) || (!(switches & S_HIRES))) { // Force a redraw display->modeChange(); } return; } if (address >= 0x2000 && address <= 0x5FFF) { if (switches & S_HIRES) { // Force a redraw display->modeChange(); } } } // FIXME: this is no longer "MMU", is it? void AppleMMU::resetDisplay() { updateMemoryPages(); display->modeChange(); } void AppleMMU::handleMemorySwitches(uint16_t address, uint16_t lastSwitch) { // many of these are spelled out here: // http://apple2.org.za/gswv/a2zine/faqs/csa2pfaq.html switch (address) { // These are write-only and perform no action on read case 0xC000: // CLR80STORE switches &= ~S_80STORE; break; case 0xC001: // SET80STORE switches |= S_80STORE; break; case 0xC002: // CLRAUXRD read from main 48k RAM auxRamRead = false; break; case 0xC003: // SETAUXRD read from aux/alt 48k auxRamRead = true; break; case 0xC004: // CLRAUXWR write to main 48k RAM auxRamWrite = false; break; case 0xC005: // SETAUXWR write to aux/alt 48k auxRamWrite = true; break; case 0xC006: // CLRCXROM use ROM on cards intcxrom = false; break; case 0xC007: // SETCXROM use internal ROM intcxrom = true; break; case 0xC008: // CLRAUXZP use main zero page, stack, LC altzp = false; break; case 0xC009: // SETAUXZP use alt zero page, stack, LC altzp = true; break; case 0xC00A: // CLRC3ROM use internal slot 3 ROM slot3rom = false; break; case 0xC00B: // SETC3ROM use external slot 3 ROM slot3rom = true; break; // Registers C080 - C08F control bank switching. case 0xC080: case 0xC081: case 0xC082: case 0xC083: case 0xC084: case 0xC085: case 0xC086: case 0xC087: case 0xC088: case 0xC089: case 0xC08A: case 0xC08B: case 0xC08C: case 0xC08D: case 0xC08E: case 0xC08F: // Per ITA2E, p. 286: // (address & 0x08) controls whether or not we are selecting from bank2. Per table 8-2, // bank2 is active if address & 0x08 is zero. So if the bit is on, it's bank 1. bank2 = (address & 0x08) ? false : true; // (address & 0x04) is unused. // (address & 0x02) is read-select: if it is set the same as // (address & 0x01) then readbsr is true. readbsr = ((address & 0x02) >> 1) == (address & 0x01); // (address & 0x01) is write-select: if 1, we write BSR RAM; if 0, we write ROM. // But it's a little more complicated than readbsr. // Per UTA2E p. 5-23: // "Writing to high RAM is enabled when the HRAMWRT' soft switch // is reset. ... It is reset by even read access or any write // access in the $C08X range. HRAMWRT' is reset by odd read // access in the $C08X range when PRE-WRITE is set. It is set by // even access in the CC08X range. Any other type of access // causes HRAMWRT' to hold its current state." if (address & 0x01) { if (preWriteFlag) writebsr = 1; // Per UTA2E, p. 5-23: any other preWriteFlag leaves writebsr unchanged. } else { writebsr = false; } break; } updateMemoryPages(); } // many (most? all?) switches are documented here: // http://apple2.org.za/gswv/a2zine/faqs/csa2pfaq.html uint8_t AppleMMU::readSwitches(uint16_t address) { static uint16_t lastReadSwitch = 0x0000; static uint16_t thisReadSwitch = 0x0000; lastReadSwitch = thisReadSwitch; thisReadSwitch = address; // If this is a read for any of the slot switches, and we have // hardware in that slot, then return its result. if (address >= 0xC090 && address <= 0xC0FF) { for (uint8_t i=1; i<=7; i++) { if (address >= (0xC080 | (i << 4)) && address <= (0xC08F | (i << 4))) { if (slots[i]) { return slots[i]->readSwitches(address & ~(0xC080 | (i<<4))); } else return FLOATING; } } } switch (address) { case 0xC010: // consume the keyboard strobe flag keyboardStrobe &= 0x7F; return (anyKeyDown ? 0x80 : 0x00); case 0xC080: case 0xC081: case 0xC082: case 0xC083: case 0xC084: case 0xC085: case 0xC086: case 0xC087: case 0xC088: case 0xC089: case 0xC08A: case 0xC08B: case 0xC08C: case 0xC08D: case 0xC08E: case 0xC08F: // but read does affect these, same as write handleMemorySwitches(address, lastReadSwitch); // UTA2E, p. 5-23: preWrite is set by odd read access, and reset // by even read access preWriteFlag = (address & 0x01); break; case 0xC00C: // CLR80VID disable 80-col video mode if (switches & S_80COL) { switches &= ~S_80COL; resetDisplay(); } break; case 0xC00D: // SET80VID enable 80-col video mode if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { switches |= S_80COL; resetDisplay(); } break; case 0xC00E: // CLRALTCH use main char set - norm LC, flash UC switches &= ~S_ALTCH; break; case 0xC00F: // SETALTCH use alt char set - norm inverse, LC; no flash switches |= S_ALTCH; break; case 0xC011: // RDLCBNK2 return bank2 ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC012: // RDLCRAM return readbsr ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC013: // RDRAMRD return auxRamRead ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC014: // RDRAMWR return auxRamWrite ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC015: // RDCXROM return intcxrom ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC016: // RDAUXZP return altzp ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC017: // RDC3ROM return slot3rom ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC018: // RD80COL return (switches & S_80STORE) ? 0x80 : 0x00; // 0xC019: RDVBLBAR -- is the vertical blanking low? case 0xC01A: // RDTEXT return ( (switches & S_TEXT) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC01B: // RDMIXED return ( (switches & S_MIXED) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC01C: // RDPAGE2 return ( (switches & S_PAGE2) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC01D: // RDHIRES return ( (switches & S_HIRES) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC01E: // RDALTCH return ( (switches & S_ALTCH) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC01F: // RD80VID return ( (switches & S_80COL) ? 0x80 : 0x00 ); case 0xC030: // SPEAKER g_speaker->toggle(); break; case 0xC050: // CLRTEXT if (switches & S_TEXT) { switches &= ~S_TEXT; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC051: // SETTEXT if (!(switches & S_TEXT)) { switches |= S_TEXT; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC052: // CLRMIXED if (switches & S_MIXED) { switches &= ~S_MIXED; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC053: // SETMIXED if (!(switches & S_MIXED)) { switches |= S_MIXED; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC054: // PAGE1 if (switches & S_PAGE2) { switches &= ~S_PAGE2; if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { resetDisplay(); } else { updateMemoryPages(); } } return FLOATING; case 0xC055: // PAGE2 if (!(switches & S_PAGE2)) { switches |= S_PAGE2; if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { resetDisplay(); } else { updateMemoryPages(); } } return FLOATING; case 0xC056: // CLRHIRES if (switches & S_HIRES) { switches &= ~S_HIRES; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC057: // SETHIRES if (!(switches & S_HIRES)) { switches |= S_HIRES; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC05E: // DHIRES ON if (!(switches & S_DHIRES)) { switches |= S_DHIRES; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; case 0xC05F: // DHIRES OFF if (switches & S_DHIRES) { switches &= ~S_DHIRES; resetDisplay(); } return FLOATING; // paddles case 0xC061: // OPNAPPLE return isOpenApplePressed ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC062: // CLSAPPLE return isClosedApplePressed ? 0x80 : 0x00; case 0xC070: // PDLTRIG // It doesn't matter if we update readPages or writePages, because 0xC0 // has only one page. readPages[0xC0][0x64] = readPages[0xC0][0x65] = 0xFF; g_paddles->startReading(); return FLOATING; } if (address >= 0xc000 && address <= 0xc00f) { // This is the keyboardStrobe support referenced in the switch statement above. return keyboardStrobe; } return readPages[address >> 8][address & 0xFF]; } void AppleMMU::writeSwitches(uint16_t address, uint8_t v) { // fixme: combine these with the last read switch static uint16_t lastWriteSwitch = 0x0000; static uint16_t thisWriteSwitch = 0x0000; lastWriteSwitch = thisWriteSwitch; thisWriteSwitch = address; // If this is a write for any of the slot switches, and we have // hardware in that slot, then return its result. if (address >= 0xC090 && address <= 0xC0FF) { for (uint8_t i=1; i<=7; i++) { if (address >= (0xC080 | (i << 4)) && address <= (0xC08F | (i << 4))) { if (slots[i]) { slots[i]->writeSwitches(address & ~(0xC080 | (i<<4)), v); return; } } } } switch (address) { case 0xC010: case 0xC011: // Per Understanding the Apple //e, p. 7-3: case 0xC012: // a write to any $C01x address causes case 0xC013: // a clear of the keyboard strobe. case 0xC014: case 0xC015: case 0xC016: case 0xC017: case 0xC018: case 0xC019: case 0xC01A: case 0xC01B: case 0xC01C: case 0xC01D: case 0xC01E: case 0xC01F: keyboardStrobe &= 0x7F; return; case 0xC050: // graphics mode if (switches & S_TEXT) { switches &= ~S_TEXT; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC051: if (!(switches & S_TEXT)) { switches |= S_TEXT; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC052: // "no mixed" if (switches & S_MIXED) { switches &= ~S_MIXED; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC053: // "mixed" if (!(switches & S_MIXED)) { switches |= S_MIXED; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC054: // page2 off if (switches & S_PAGE2) { switches &= ~S_PAGE2; if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { resetDisplay(); } else { updateMemoryPages(); } } return; case 0xC055: // page2 on if (!(switches & S_PAGE2)) { switches |= S_PAGE2; if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { resetDisplay(); } else { updateMemoryPages(); } } return; case 0xC056: // hires off if (switches & S_HIRES) { switches &= ~S_HIRES; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC057: // hires on if (!(switches & S_HIRES)) { switches |= S_HIRES; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC05E: // DHIRES ON if (!(switches & S_DHIRES)) { switches |= S_DHIRES; resetDisplay(); } return; case 0xC05F: // DHIRES OFF if (switches & S_DHIRES) { switches &= ~S_DHIRES; resetDisplay(); } return; // paddles case 0xC070: g_paddles->startReading(); writePages[0xC0][0x64] = writePages[0xC0][0x65] = 0xFF; break; case 0xC080: case 0xC081: case 0xC082: case 0xC083: case 0xC084: case 0xC085: case 0xC086: case 0xC087: case 0xC088: case 0xC089: case 0xC08A: case 0xC08B: case 0xC08C: case 0xC08D: case 0xC08E: case 0xC08F: // UTA2E, p. 5-23: preWrite is reset by any write access to these preWriteFlag = 0; // fall through... case 0xC000: case 0xC001: case 0xC002: case 0xC003: case 0xC004: case 0xC005: case 0xC006: case 0xC007: case 0xC008: case 0xC009: case 0xC00A: case 0xC00B: handleMemorySwitches(address, lastWriteSwitch); break; case 0xC00C: // CLR80VID disable 80-col video mode if (switches & S_80COL) { switches &= ~S_80COL; resetDisplay(); } break; case 0xC00D: // SET80VID enable 80-col video mode if (!(switches & S_80COL)) { switches |= S_80COL; resetDisplay(); } break; case 0xC00E: // CLRALTCH use main char set - norm LC, flash UC switches &= ~S_ALTCH; break; case 0xC00F: // SETALTCH use alt char set - norm inverse, LC; no flash switches |= S_ALTCH; break; } } void AppleMMU::keyboardInput(uint8_t v) { keyboardStrobe = v | 0x80; anyKeyDown = true; } void AppleMMU::setKeyDown(bool isTrue) { anyKeyDown = isTrue; } void AppleMMU::triggerPaddleTimer(uint8_t paddle) { writePages[0xC0][0x64 + paddle] = 0x00; } void AppleMMU::resetRAM() { switches = S_TEXT; // Per UTA2E, p. 5-23: // When a system reset occurs, all MMU soft switches are reset (turned off). bank2 = false; auxRamRead = auxRamWrite = false; readbsr = writebsr = false; altzp = false; intcxrom = false; slot3rom = false; slotLatch = -1; preWriteFlag = false; // Clear all the pages for (uint8_t i=0; i<0xFF; i++) { for (uint8_t j=0; j<5; j++) { if (ramPages[i][j]) { for (uint16_t k=0; k<0x100; k++) { ramPages[i][j][k] = 0; } } } // and set our expectation of what we're reading from/writing to readPages[i] = writePages[i] = ramPages[i][0]; } // Load system ROM for (uint16_t i=0x80; i<=0xFF; i++) { for (uint16_t k=0; k<0x100; k++) { uint16_t idx = ((i-0x80) << 8) | k; #ifdef TEENSYDUINO uint8_t v = pgm_read_byte(&romData[idx]); #else uint8_t v = romData[idx]; #endif for (int j=0; j<5; j++) { // For the ROM section from 0xc100 .. 0xcfff, we load in to // an alternate page space (INTCXROM). if (i >= 0xc1 && i <= 0xcf) { // If we want to convince the VM we've got 128k of RAM, we // need to load C3 ROM in page 0 (but not 1, meaning there's // a board installed); and C800.CFFF in both page [0] and [1] // (meaning there's an extended 80-column ROM available, // that is also physically in the slot). // Everything else goes in page [1]. if (i == 0xc3) ramPages[i][0][k] = v; else if (i >= 0xc8) ramPages[i][0][k] = ramPages[i][1][k] = v; else ramPages[i][1][k] = v; } else { // Everything else goes in page 0. ramPages[i][0][k] = v; } } } } // have each slot load its ROM for (uint8_t slotnum = 0; slotnum <= 7; slotnum++) { if (slots[slotnum]) { slots[slotnum]->loadROM(ramPages[0xC0 + slotnum][0]); } } // update the memory read/write flags &c. Not strictly necessary, if // we're really setting all the RAM flags to the right default // settings above - but better safe than sorry? updateMemoryPages(); } void AppleMMU::setSlot(int8_t slotnum, Slot *peripheral) { slots[slotnum] = peripheral; if (slots[slotnum]) { slots[slotnum]->loadROM(ramPages[0xC0 + slotnum][0]); } } void AppleMMU::allocateMemory() { for (uint16_t i=0; i<0xC0; i++) { for (uint8_t j=0; j<2; j++) { ramPages[i][j] = (uint8_t *)malloc(0x100); } for (uint8_t j=2; j<5; j++) { ramPages[i][j] = NULL; } readPages[i] = ramPages[i][0]; writePages[i] = ramPages[i][0]; } for (uint16_t i=0xC0; i<0x100; i++) { for (uint8_t j=0; j<5; j++) { ramPages[i][j] = (uint8_t *)malloc(0x100); } readPages[i] = ramPages[i][0]; writePages[i] = ramPages[i][0]; } } void AppleMMU::updateMemoryPages() { if (auxRamRead) { for (uint8_t idx = 0x02; idx < 0xc0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0x02; idx < 0xc0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } if (auxRamWrite) { for (uint8_t idx = 0x02; idx < 0xc0; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0x02; idx < 0xc0; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } if (switches & S_80STORE) { // When S_80STORE is on, we switch 400-800 and 2000-4000 based on S_PAGE2. // The behavior is different based on whether HIRESON/OFF is set. if (switches & S_PAGE2) { // Regardless of HIRESON/OFF, pages 0x400-0x7ff are switched on S_PAGE2 for (uint8_t idx = 0x04; idx < 0x08; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; } // but 2000-3fff switches based on S_PAGE2 only if HIRES is on. // HIRESOFF: 400-7ff doesn't switch based on read/write flags // b/c it switches based on S_PAGE2 instead // HIRESON: 400-800, 2000-3fff doesn't switch // b/c they switch based on S_PAGE2 instead // If HIRES is on, then we honor the PAGE2 setting; otherwise, we don't for (uint8_t idx = 0x20; idx < 0x40; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][(switches & S_HIRES) ? 1 : 0]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][(switches & S_HIRES) ? 1 : 0]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0x04; idx < 0x08; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } for (uint8_t idx = 0x20; idx < 0x40; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } } if (intcxrom) { for (uint8_t idx = 0xc1; idx < 0xd0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0xc1; idx < 0xd0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } if (slot3rom) { readPages[0xc3] = ramPages[0xc3][1]; for (int i=0xc8; i<=0xcf; i++) { readPages[i] = ramPages[i][1]; } } } // If slotLatch is set (!= -1), then we are mapping 2k of ROM // for a given peripheral to C800..CFFF. if (slotLatch != -1) { // FIXME: the only peripheral we support this with right now is // the 80-column card. if (slotLatch == 3) { for (int i=0xc8; i <= 0xcf; i++) { readPages[i] = ramPages[i][1]; } } } // set zero-page & stack pages based on altzp flag if (altzp) { for (uint8_t idx = 0x00; idx < 0x02; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][1]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0x00; idx < 0x02; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } // Set bank-switched ram reading from readbsr & bank2 if (readbsr) { // 0xD0 - 0xE0 has 4 possible banks: if (!bank2) { // Bank 1 RAM: either in main RAM (1) or in the extended memory // card (3): for (uint8_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0xe0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 3 : 1]; } } else { // Bank 2 RAM: either in main RAM (2) or in the extended memory // card (4): for (uint8_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0xe0; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 4 : 2]; } } // ... but 0xE0 - 0xFF has just the motherboard RAM (1) and // extended memory card RAM (2): for (uint16_t idx = 0xe0; idx < 0x100; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 2 : 1]; } } else { // Built-in ROM for (uint16_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0x100; idx++) { readPages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } if (writebsr) { if (!bank2) { for (uint8_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0xe0; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 3 : 1]; } } else { for (uint8_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0xe0; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 4 : 2]; } } for (uint16_t idx = 0xe0; idx < 0x100; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][altzp ? 2 : 1]; } } else { for (uint16_t idx = 0xd0; idx < 0x100; idx++) { writePages[idx] = ramPages[idx][0]; } } }