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Added Fat Font / Beautiful Boot
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README.md
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README.md
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#Apple ]\[ //e HGR Font 6502 Assembly Language Tutorial
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Revision: 43, Jan 26, 2016.
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Revision: 44, Jan 26, 2016.
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# Table of Contents
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@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ Revision: 43, Jan 26, 2016.
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* Exercise 1: ScrollHgrUpLine()
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* Exercise 2: ScrollHgrUpPixel()
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* Recap
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* Other Fonts
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* Fat Font / Beautiful Boot
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* What's Next?
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* Conclusion
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* Solutions
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@ -2148,6 +2150,277 @@ Here are all the (core) routines we've entered in so far:
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(To save this: `BSAVE CODE_0300.BIN,A$300,L$D0`)
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# Other Fonts
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## Fat Font / Beautiful Boot
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Here is the font used by Beautiful Boot
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```
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6100:80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 '
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6108:80 87 87 80 87 87 87 87 '!
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6110:80 80 80 80 B6 A4 B6 B6 '"
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6118:80 9E 9E BF 9E BF 9E 9E '#
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6120:80 8C 9F B0 9E 83 BE 8C '$
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6128:80 BB BB 86 8C 98 B7 B7 '%
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6130:80 AE 9B BB 8F 86 8F 86 '&
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6138:80 80 80 80 8C 88 8C 8C ''
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6140:80 B8 9C 8E 8E 8E 9C B8 '(
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6148:80 87 8E 9C 9C 9C 8E 87 ')
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6150:80 88 AA 9C BE 9C AA 88 '*
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6158:80 80 8C 8C BF BF 8C 8C '+
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6160:83 86 87 80 80 80 80 80 ',
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6168:80 80 80 80 BE BE 80 80 '-
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6170:80 87 87 80 80 80 80 80 '.
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6178:80 83 87 8E 9C B8 F0 E0 '/
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6180:80 9E B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 9E '0
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6188:80 BF 8C 8C 8C 8F 8E 8C '1
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6190:80 BF BF 8E B8 B3 BF 9E '2
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6198:80 9E BF B0 BE B0 BF 9E '3
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61A0:80 B0 B0 BF B3 B6 BC B8 '4
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61A8:80 9E BF B0 9F 83 BF BF '5
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61B0:80 9E BF B3 9F 83 BF 9E '6
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61B8:80 8C 8C 8C 98 B0 BF BF '7
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61C0:80 9E BF B3 9E B3 BF 9E '8
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61C8:80 9E BF B0 BE B3 BF 9E '9
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61D0:80 9C 9C 80 80 9C 9C 80 ':
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61D8:83 86 87 80 80 87 87 80 ';
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61E0:80 F0 B8 9C 8E 9C B8 F0 '<
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61E8:80 80 80 BE 80 BE 80 80 '=
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61F0:80 87 8E 9C B8 9C 8E 87 '>
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61F8:80 8C 80 8C 98 B3 BF 9E '?
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6200:80 BE 83 BB BB B3 B3 9E '@
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6208:80 B3 B3 BF BF B3 BF 9E 'A
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6210:80 9F BF B3 9F B3 BF 9F 'B
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6218:80 9E BF B3 83 B3 BF 9E 'C
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6220:80 9F BF B3 B3 B3 BF 9F 'D
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6228:80 BF BF 83 9F 83 BF BF 'E
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6230:80 83 83 9F 9F 83 BF BF 'F
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6238:80 9E BF B3 BB 83 BF 9E 'G
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6240:80 B3 B3 BF BF B3 B3 B3 'H
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6248:80 BF BF 8C 8C 8C BF BF 'I
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6250:80 9E BF B3 B0 B0 B0 B0 'J
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6258:80 B3 BB 9F 8F 9F BB B3 'K
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6260:80 BF BF 83 83 83 83 83 'L
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6268:80 B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 BF B3 'M
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6270:80 B3 B3 BB BF B7 B3 B3 'N
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6278:80 9E BF B3 B3 B3 BF 9E 'O
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6280:80 83 83 9F BF B3 BF 9F 'P
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6288:80 AE 93 AB A3 A3 BF 9E 'Q
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6290:80 B3 BB 9F BF B3 BF 9F 'R
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6298:80 9E B3 B0 9E 83 B3 9E 'S
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62A0:80 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C BF BF 'T
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62A8:80 9E BF B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 'U
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62B0:80 8C 9E B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 'V
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62B8:80 B3 BF B3 B3 B3 B3 B3 'W
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62C0:80 B3 B3 9E 8C 9E B3 B3 'X
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62C8:80 8C 8C 8C 9E B3 B3 B3 'Y
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62D0:80 BF BF 86 8C 98 BF BF 'Z
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62D8:80 BC BC 8C 8C 8C BC BC '[
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62E0:80 E0 F0 B8 9C 8E 87 83 '\
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62E8:80 8F 8F 8C 8C 8C 8F 8F ']
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62F0:80 80 80 80 80 BF 9E 8C '^
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62F8:80 FF FF 80 80 80 80 80 '_
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6300:80 80 80 80 80 98 8C 86 '`
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6308:80 BE B3 BE B0 9E 80 80 'a
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6310:80 9F B3 B3 B3 9F 83 83 'b
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6318:80 9E B3 83 B3 9E 80 80 'c
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6320:80 BE B3 B3 B3 BE B0 B0 'd
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6328:80 9E 83 9F B3 9E 80 80 'e
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6330:80 86 86 86 9F 86 B6 9C 'f
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6338:9E B0 BE B3 B3 9E 80 80 'g
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6340:80 B3 B3 B3 B3 9F 83 83 'h
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6348:80 8C 8C 8C 8C 80 8C 80 'i
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6350:9E B3 B3 B0 B0 B0 80 B0 'j
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6358:80 B3 9B 8F 9B B3 83 83 'k
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6360:80 9E 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C 8E 'l
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6368:80 B3 B3 B3 BF B3 80 80 'm
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6370:80 B3 B3 B3 B3 9F 80 80 'n
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6378:80 9E B3 B3 B3 9E 80 80 'o
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6380:83 83 9F B3 B3 9F 80 80 'p
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6388:B0 B0 BE B3 B3 BE 80 80 'q
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6390:80 83 83 83 B3 9F 80 80 'r
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6398:80 9E B0 9E 83 9E 80 80 's
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63A0:80 9C B6 86 86 9F 86 86 't
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63A8:80 BE B3 B3 B3 B3 80 80 'u
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63B0:80 8C 9E B3 B3 B3 80 80 'v
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63B8:80 B3 BF B3 B3 B3 80 80 'w
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63C0:80 B3 9E 8C 9E B3 80 80 'x
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63C8:9E B0 BE B3 B3 B3 80 80 'y
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63D0:80 BF 86 8C 98 BF 80 80 'z
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63D8:80 9C 9E 86 87 86 9E 9C '{
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63E0:8C 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C 8C '|
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63E8:80 8E 9E 98 B8 98 9E 8E '}
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63F0:80 80 80 80 80 98 BF 86 '~
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63F8:00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 '#
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```
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Again copy this to higher memory
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```
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8000<6000.63FFM
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```
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Fire up our ASCII Character Inspector. Recall:
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```
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1000:A9 00 85 FE A9 00 85 F5
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1008:A9 20 85 F6 A5 FE A0 00
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1010:20 37 10 AD 00 C0 10 FB
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1018:8D 10 C0 C9 88 D0 0A C6
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1020:FE A5 FE 29 7F 85 FE 10
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1028:DB C9 95 D0 05 E6 FE 18
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1030:90 EF C9 9B D0 DD 60 48
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1038:20 10 03 A9 20 20 10 03
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1040:68 4C 01 03
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1000G
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```
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Press `ESC` when done viewing.
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Argh, those glyphs are upside down!
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Here's our 5 byte patch to fix our rendering code.
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```assembly
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0350: _DrawChar
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0350:A2 07 LDX #7 ; <- #0
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:
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035E:CA DEX ; <- INX
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035F:EA EA NOP NOP ; <- CPX #8
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0361:10 EF BPL _LoadFont ; <- BNE _LoadFont
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```
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Enter in:
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```
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351:7
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35E:CA EA EA 10
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```
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Hmm, some of those glyphs are badly designed (inconsistent.) :-/ That's the biggest problem amateur artists have; they haven't yet internalized a "consistent style" -- their's is all over the place. This comes with experience of knowing:
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* When to follow the "rules", and
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* When to bend/break the "rules".
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Here is a table of all the glyphs that we'll eventually fix:
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|Glyph|
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|:---:|
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| 2 |
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| 7 |
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| M |
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| Q |
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| S |
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| W |
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| Y |
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| X |
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| ^ |
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| j |
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| m |
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| s |
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Alrighty then.
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The first glyph that stands out is the `S`. Our rule is:
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* Horizontal and Vertical lines are 2 pixels when possible.
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Change the `S` = $53 @ `6298`:
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From:
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```
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6298:80 9E B3 B0 9E 83 B3 9E 'S
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```
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To:
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```
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6298:80 9E BF B8 9E 87 BF 9E 'S
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```
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While that matches the style of `5` it doesn't match the style of `A`.
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Let's fix the and bottom rows.
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```
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6298:80 9F BF B8 9E 87 BF BE 'S
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```
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There we go!
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Q. How did I know what bits/bytes to use?
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A. The "Beautiful Boot" font is 7x8, with the last pixel being a spacer. This makes each glyph effectively by 6x8. The font also sets the high bit so we'll need to preserve that. Why? (Answer below.)
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a) Remember, bits are reversed on the HGR screen:
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|Bits|HGR|Hex|
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|:--:|--:|--:|
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|0000| $0| $0|
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|1000| $8| $1|
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|0100| $4| $2|
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|1100| $C| $3|
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|0010| $2| $4|
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|1010| $A| $5|
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|0110| $6| $6|
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|1110| $E| $7|
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|0001| $1| $8|
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|1001| $9| $9|
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|0101| $5| $A|
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|1101| $D| $B|
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|0011| $3| $C|
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|1011| $B| $D|
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|0111| $7| $E|
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|1111| $F| $F|
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Let's sort that table by HGR hex value:
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|Bits|HGR|Hex|
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|:--:|--:|--:|
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|0000| $0| $0|
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|0001| $1| $8|
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|0010| $2| $4|
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|0011| $3| $C|
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|0100| $4| $2|
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|0101| $5| $A|
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|0110| $6| $6|
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|0111| $7| $E|
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|1000| $8| $1|
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|1001| $9| $9|
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|1010| $A| $5|
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|1011| $B| $D|
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|1100| $C| $3|
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|1101| $D| $B|
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|1110| $E| $7|
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|1111| $F| $F|
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With our "flip bits table" we can list the `old` and `new` bytes:
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|HGR Bits |HGR|Hex|Row|
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|:-------:|--:|--:|:--|
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|0111_1001|$79|$9E| 0 |
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|0111_1101|$7D|$BE| 0 |
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| - | --| --| - |
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|1100_1101|$CD|$B3| 1 |
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|1111_1101|$CF|$BF| 1 |
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| - | --| --| - |
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|0000_0110|$C1|$83| 2 |
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|0000_1110|$E1|$87| 2 |
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| - | --| --| - |
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|0000_1101|$0D|$B0| 4 |
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|0001_1101|$1D|$B8| 4 |
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| - | --| --| - |
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|0111_1001|$79|$9E| 0 |
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|1111_1001|$F9|$9F| 0 |
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b) Did I manually enter in those hex values?
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`<<Forthcoming!>>`
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# What's next?
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What's left? Quite a few things actually:
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