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CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
.sp2
Beneath Apple DOS is intended
to serve as a companion to Apple's
DOS Manual, providing additional
information for the advanced
programmer or
the novice Apple user who wants to
know more about the structure of
diskettes.
It is not the intent of this manual
to replace the documentation provided
by Apple Computer Inc.
Although, for the
sake of
continuity, some of the material
covered in the Apple manual is also
covered here, it will be assumed that
the reader is reasonably familiar
with the
contents of the DOS Manual. Since
all chapters presented here may not
be of use to each Apple owner, each
has been written to stand on its own.
The information presented here is a
result of intensive disassembly and
annotation of various versions of DOS
by the authors and by other
experienced systems programmers.
It also draws from application notes,
articles, and discussions with
knowledgeable people. This
manual was not prepared with the
assistance of Apple Computer Inc.
Although no
guarantee can be made concerning the
accuracy of the information
presented here, all of the material
included in Beneath Apple DOS has
been thoroughly researched and
tested.
There were several reasons
for writing Beneath Apple DOS:
.sp1
.nf
To show direct assembly language access to DOS.
.br
To help you to fix clobbered diskettes.
.br
To correct errors and omissions in the Apple documentation.
.br
To allow you to customize DOS to fit your needs.
.br
To provide complete information on diskette formatting.
.br
When Apple Computer Inc. introduced
its Disk Operating System (DOS)
version 3 in 1978 to support the
new DISK II drive, very little
documentation was provided. Later,
when DOS 3.2 was released, a 178 page
instructional and reference manual
became available covering the
use of DOS from BASIC in depth and
even touched upon some of the
internal workings of DOS. With the
advent of DOS 3.3, the old 3.2 manual
was updated but the body of
information in it remained
essentially intact. Beyond these
Apple manuals,
there have been no significant
additions to the documentation on
DOS,
apart from a few articles in APPLE
user group magazines and newsletters.
This manual takes up
where the
Disk Operating System
Manual leaves off.
.bp
Throughout this manual, discussion
centers primarily on DOS version
3.3. The reasons for this are that 3.3
was the most recent release of DOS at
the time of this writing and that it
differs less from DOS 3.2 than one
would imagine. Wherever there is a
major difference between the various
DOS releases in a given topic, each
release will be covered.
In addition to the DOS dependent
information provided, many of the
discussions also apply to
other operating systems on the Apple
II and Apple III. For example,
disk formatting at
the track and sector level is, for
the most part, the same.
.br
.nx ch2

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.ce
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
.sp2
Beneath Apple DOS is intended to serve as a companion to Apple's DOS Manual,
providing additional information for the advanced programmer or the novice Apple
user who wants to know more about the structure of diskettes. It is not the
intent of this manual to replace the documentation provided by Apple Computer
Inc. Although, for the sake of continuity, some of the material covered in the
Apple manual is also covered here, it will be assumed that the reader is
reasonably familiar with the contents of the DOS Manual. Since all chapters
presented here may not be of use to each Apple owner, each has been written to
stand on its own.
The information presented here is a result of intensive disassembly and
annotation of various versions of DOS by the authors and by other experienced
systems programmers. It also draws from application notes, articles, and
discussions with knowledgeable people. This manual was not prepared with the
assistance of Apple Computer Inc. Although no guarantee can be made concerning
the accuracy of the information presented here, all of the material included in
Beneath Apple DOS has been thoroughly researched and tested.
There were several reasons for writing Beneath Apple DOS:
.sp1
.nf
To show direct assembly language access to DOS.
.br
To help you to fix clobbered diskettes.
.br
To correct errors and omissions in the Apple documentation.
.br
To allow you to customize DOS to fit your needs.
.br
To provide complete information on diskette formatting.
.br
When Apple Computer Inc. introduced its Disk Operating System (DOS) version 3 in
1978 to support the new DISK II drive, very little documentation was provided.
Later, when DOS 3.2 was released, a 178 page instructional and reference manual
became available covering the use of DOS from BASIC in depth and even touched
upon some of the internal workings of DOS. With the advent of DOS 3.3, the old
3.2 manual was updated but the body of information in it remained essentially
intact. Beyond these Apple manuals, there have been no significant additions to
the documentation on DOS, apart from a few articles in APPLE user group
magazines and newsletters. This manual takes up where the Disk Operating System
Manual leaves off.
.bp
Throughout this manual, discussion centers primarily on DOS version 3.3. The
reasons for this are that 3.3 was the most recent release of DOS at the time of
this writing and that it differs less from DOS 3.2 than one would imagine.
Wherever there is a major difference between the various DOS releases in a given
topic, each release will be covered.
In addition to the DOS dependent information provided, many of the discussions
also apply to other operating systems on the Apple II and Apple III. For
example, disk formatting at the track and sector level is, for the most part,
the same.
.br
.nx ch2