mirror of
https://github.com/iKarith/beneath-apple-dos.git
synced 2025-01-14 06:31:00 +00:00
27bcf5f79c
PIEWriter dot codes are case-insensitive, and I've deciphered that .pp is a paragraph break. Replace those with blank lines. The NUL at EOF was escaped, but it can be simply deleted. Did so.
120 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
120 lines
2.9 KiB
Plaintext
.ec ^
|
|
.na
|
|
.ll60
|
|
.m11
|
|
.m22
|
|
.m48
|
|
.fo ''-%-
|
|
.pn 5
|
|
.pi0
|
|
.br
|
|
.np
|
|
.ce
|
|
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
|
|
.sp 2
|
|
|
|
Beneath Apple DOS is intended
|
|
to serve as a companion to Apple's
|
|
DOS Manual, providing additional
|
|
information for the advanced
|
|
programmer or
|
|
the novice Apple user who wants to
|
|
know more about the structure of
|
|
diskettes.
|
|
It is not the intent of this manual
|
|
to replace the documentation provided
|
|
by Apple Computer Inc.
|
|
Although, for the
|
|
sake of
|
|
continuity, some of the material
|
|
covered in the Apple manual is also
|
|
covered here, it will be assumed that
|
|
the reader is reasonably familiar
|
|
with the
|
|
contents of the DOS Manual. Since
|
|
all chapters presented here may not
|
|
be of use to each Apple owner, each
|
|
has been written to stand on its own.
|
|
|
|
The information presented here is a
|
|
result of intensive disassembly and
|
|
annotation of various versions of DOS
|
|
by the authors and by other
|
|
experienced systems programmers.
|
|
It also draws from application notes,
|
|
articles, and discussions with
|
|
knowledgeable people. This
|
|
manual was not prepared with the
|
|
assistance of Apple Computer Inc.
|
|
Although no
|
|
guarantee can be made concerning the
|
|
accuracy of the information
|
|
presented here, all of the material
|
|
included in Beneath Apple DOS has
|
|
been thoroughly researched and
|
|
tested.
|
|
|
|
There were several reasons
|
|
for writing Beneath Apple DOS:
|
|
.SP1
|
|
.nf
|
|
To show direct assembly language access to DOS.
|
|
.br
|
|
To help you to fix clobbered diskettes.
|
|
.br
|
|
To correct errors and omissions in the Apple documentation.
|
|
.br
|
|
To allow you to customize DOS to fit your needs.
|
|
.br
|
|
To provide complete information on diskette formatting.
|
|
.br
|
|
|
|
When Apple Computer Inc. introduced
|
|
its Disk Operating System (DOS)
|
|
version 3 in 1978 to support the
|
|
new DISK II drive, very little
|
|
documentation was provided. Later,
|
|
when DOS 3.2 was released, a 178 page
|
|
instructional and reference manual
|
|
became available covering the
|
|
use of DOS from BASIC in depth and
|
|
even touched upon some of the
|
|
internal workings of DOS. With the
|
|
advent of DOS 3.3, the old 3.2 manual
|
|
was updated but the body of
|
|
information in it remained
|
|
essentially intact. Beyond these
|
|
Apple manuals,
|
|
there have been no significant
|
|
additions to the documentation on
|
|
DOS,
|
|
apart from a few articles in APPLE
|
|
user group magazines and newsletters.
|
|
This manual takes up
|
|
where the
|
|
Disk Operating System
|
|
Manual leaves off.
|
|
.bp
|
|
|
|
Throughout this manual, discussion
|
|
centers primarily on DOS version
|
|
3.3. The reasons for this are that 3.3
|
|
was the most recent release of DOS at
|
|
the time of this writing and that it
|
|
differs less from DOS 3.2 than one
|
|
would imagine. Wherever there is a
|
|
major difference between the various
|
|
DOS releases in a given topic, each
|
|
release will be covered.
|
|
|
|
In addition to the DOS dependent
|
|
information provided, many of the
|
|
discussions also apply to
|
|
other operating systems on the Apple
|
|
II and Apple III. For example,
|
|
disk formatting at
|
|
the track and sector level is, for
|
|
the most part, the same.
|
|
.br
|
|
.nx ch2
|