1
0
mirror of https://github.com/tilleul/apple2.git synced 2024-12-01 12:49:19 +00:00

Update 04_avoid_integer_variables.md

This commit is contained in:
tilleul 2022-08-08 09:33:46 +02:00 committed by GitHub
parent 847c461171
commit 27e7f95481
No known key found for this signature in database
GPG Key ID: 4AEE18F83AFDEB23

View File

@ -129,21 +129,27 @@ It applies for dimensioning arrays with `DIM` (e.g. `N=123.456: DIM A(N)` works)
It applies to indices of arrays. It means that an array like `M(X, Y)` representing for example the player's X-Y position in a maze can be used without worrying about `X` and `Y` being integers. It applies to indices of arrays. It means that an array like `M(X, Y)` representing for example the player's X-Y position in a maze can be used without worrying about `X` and `Y` being integers.
Strangely, it also works with `GOTO` and `GOSUB`, and though you'll probably never do it because you cannot use arithmetic expressions after `GOTO`/`GOSUB`, know that `GOTO 100.123456` works, as long as you have a line 100 in your code of course. It also works with `GOTO` and `GOSUB` but for another reason. Applesoft expects numbers after a `GOTO/GOSUB` instruction and once it finds a character that is not numeric, it will ignore every other character and just do his `GOTO/GOSUB`.
But more interestingly, it works with `ON/GOTO-GOSUB` <sup>(*)</sup> This means you can do this: This means that
- `GOTO 100.123456` works but also
- `GOTO 100 THIS WON'T BE PARSED`,
as long as you have a line 100 in your code of course.
But more interestingly, you don't need to use integer values with `ON/GOTO-GOSUB` <sup>(*)</sup>. This means you can do this:
```basic ```basic
ON RND(1)*10 GOTO 100,200,300,400 ON RND(1)*10 GOTO 100,200,300,400
``` ```
and `INT` it totally superfluous ! Using `INT` here is totally superfluous !
<sup>(*) As we'll see in another chapter, ON/GOTO is faster than a sequence of multiple IF/THEN conditions and is the preferred method when your code needs branching.</sup> <sup>(*) As we'll see in another chapter, ON/GOTO is faster than a sequence of multiple IF/THEN conditions and is the preferred method when your code needs branching.</sup>
This is very useful for random events, AI decisions, or simply branching your code based on a calculation, for example you could scale a value and react accordingly: This is very useful for random events, AI decisions, or simply branching your code based on a calculation, for example you could scale a value and react accordingly without worrying about your scaled value being an integer:
```basic ```basic
10 D=47: REM DISTANCE COVERED SO FAR 10 D=47: REM DISTANCE COVERED SO FAR
20 M=100: REM MAX DISTANCE 20 M=100: REM MAX DISTANCE
30 Q=25: REM DIVIDER (100/25 = 4 DIFFERENT MSGS + 1) 30 Q=25: REM DIVIDER (100/25 = 4 DIFFERENT MSGS + 1 EXTRA)
... ...
100 ON D/Q GOTO 120, 130, 140, 150 : REM NO NEED TO USE INT HERE ! 100 ON D/Q GOTO 120, 130, 140, 150 : REM NO NEED TO USE INT HERE !
110 PRINT "GOOD LUCK !": GOTO 160: REM 0-24 110 PRINT "GOOD LUCK !": GOTO 160: REM 0-24
@ -213,19 +219,19 @@ But:
- `HTAB EX%: PRINT "X"` or - `HTAB EX%: PRINT "X"` or
- `PLOT EX%, EY%` or - `PLOT EX%, EY%` or
- `HPLOT EX%, EY%` or - `HPLOT EX%, EY%` or
- `(X)DRAW E AT EX%,EY%`. - `(X)DRAW E AT EX%,EY%` or
- your own technique, but you still need to access `EX%` and `EY%`
- you need to check if the player's position is the same as the enemy's - you need to check if the player's position is the same as the enemy's
- `IF EX%=X AND EY%=Y THEN ...` - `IF EX%=X AND EY%=Y THEN ...`
- you need to erase the enemy on the next loop iteration, meaning - you need to erase the enemy on the next loop iteration, meaning
- you might store the enemy's previous position in another set of variables - you might need to store the enemy's previous position in another set of variables
- `XE=EX%: YE=EY%` (no need to use integer variables like `XE%` or `YE%` since the conversion is already done) - `XE=EX%: YE=EY%` (no need to use integer variables like `XE%` or `YE%` since the conversion is already done)
- you'll do another call to `HTAB+PRINT`, `PLOT`, `HPLOT`, `(X)DRAW` - you'll do another call to `HTAB+PRINT`, `PLOT`, `HPLOT`, `(X)DRAW`
- you might need to check if the enemy was hit by the player's projectile - you might need to check if the enemy was hit by the player's projectile
- `IF EX%=PX AND EY%=PY THEN ...` - `IF EX%=PX AND EY%=PY THEN ...`
- etc. - etc.
Every time you use `EX%` (and `EY%`) you'll lose 200-350 cycles and after 3-5 times, using an real variable is a better choice. Every time you use `EX%` (and `EY%`) you'll lose 200-350 cycles and after 3-5 times, using a real variable is a better choice.
## 🍎 Recommendations ## 🍎 Recommendations