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ordered the functions in the docs
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Irmen de Jong
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7cb4100419
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2554bc7ef8
@ -656,23 +656,20 @@ There's a set of predefined functions in the language. These are fixed and can't
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You can use them in expressions and the compiler will evaluate them at compile-time if possible.
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sin(x)
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Sine. (floating point version)
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Math
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^^^^
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abs(x)
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Absolute value.
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atan(x)
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Arctangent.
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ceil(x)
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Rounds the floating point up to an integer towards positive infinity.
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cos(x)
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Cosine. (floating point version)
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sin8u(x)
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Fast 8-bit ubyte sine of angle 0..255, result is in range 0..255
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sin8(x)
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Fast 8-bit byte sine of angle 0..255, result is in range -127..127
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sin16u(x)
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Fast 16-bit uword sine of angle 0..255, result is in range 0..65535
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sin16(x)
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Fast 16-bit word sine of angle 0..255, result is in range -32767..32767
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Cosine. (floating point version)
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cos8u(x)
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Fast 8-bit ubyte cosine of angle 0..255, result is in range 0..255
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@ -686,14 +683,11 @@ cos16u(x)
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cos16(x)
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Fast 16-bit word cosine of angle 0..255, result is in range -32767..32767
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abs(x)
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Absolute value.
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deg(x)
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Radians to degrees.
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tan(x)
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Tangent.
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atan(x)
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Arctangent.
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floor (x)
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Rounds the floating point down to an integer towards minus infinity.
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ln(x)
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Natural logarithm (base e).
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@ -701,26 +695,55 @@ ln(x)
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log2(x)
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Base 2 logarithm.
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rad(x)
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Degrees to radians.
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round(x)
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Rounds the floating point to the closest integer.
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sin(x)
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Sine. (floating point version)
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sgn(x)
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Get the sign of the value. Result is -1, 0 or 1 (negative, zero, positive).
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sin8u(x)
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Fast 8-bit ubyte sine of angle 0..255, result is in range 0..255
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sin8(x)
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Fast 8-bit byte sine of angle 0..255, result is in range -127..127
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sin16u(x)
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Fast 16-bit uword sine of angle 0..255, result is in range 0..65535
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sin16(x)
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Fast 16-bit word sine of angle 0..255, result is in range -32767..32767
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sqrt16(w)
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16 bit unsigned integer Square root. Result is unsigned byte.
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sqrt(x)
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Floating point Square root.
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round(x)
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Rounds the floating point to the closest integer.
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tan(x)
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Tangent.
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floor (x)
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Rounds the floating point down to an integer towards minus infinity.
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ceil(x)
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Rounds the floating point up to an integer towards positive infinity.
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Array operations
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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rad(x)
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Degrees to radians.
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any(x)
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1 ('true') if any of the values in the array value x is 'true' (not zero), else 0 ('false')
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deg(x)
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Radians to degrees.
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all(x)
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1 ('true') if all of the values in the array value x are 'true' (not zero), else 0 ('false')
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len(x)
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Number of values in the array value x, or the number of characters in a string (excluding the size or 0-byte).
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Note: this can be different from the number of *bytes* in memory if the datatype isn't a byte. See sizeof().
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Note: lengths of strings and arrays are determined at compile-time! If your program modifies the actual
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length of the string during execution, the value of len(string) may no longer be correct!
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(use strlen function if you want to dynamically determine the length)
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max(x)
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Maximum of the values in the array value x
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@ -728,6 +751,10 @@ max(x)
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min(x)
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Minimum of the values in the array value x
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reverse(array)
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Reverse the values in the array (in-place).
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Can be used after sort() to sort an array in descending order.
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sum(x)
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Sum of the values in the array value x
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@ -740,26 +767,58 @@ sort(array)
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it considers the array as just an array of integer words and sorts the string *pointers* accordingly.
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Sorting strings alphabetically has to be programmed yourself if you need it.
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reverse(array)
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Reverse the values in the array (in-place).
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Can be used after sort() to sort an array in descending order.
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len(x)
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Number of values in the array value x, or the number of characters in a string (excluding the size or 0-byte).
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Note: this can be different from the number of *bytes* in memory if the datatype isn't a byte. See sizeof().
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Note: lengths of strings and arrays are determined at compile-time! If your program modifies the actual
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length of the string during execution, the value of len(string) may no longer be correct!
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(use strlen function if you want to dynamically determine the length)
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Strings and memory blocks
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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memcopy(from, to, numbytes)
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Efficiently copy a number of bytes (1 - 256) from a memory location to another.
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NOTE: 'to' must NOT overlap with 'from', unless it is *before* 'from'.
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Because this function imposes some overhead to handle the parameters,
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it is only faster if the number of bytes is larger than a certain threshold.
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Compare the generated code to see if it was beneficial or not.
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The most efficient will always be to write a specialized copy routine in assembly yourself!
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sizeof(name)
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Number of bytes that the object 'name' occupies in memory. This is a constant determined by the data type of
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the object. For instance, for a variable of type uword, the sizeof is 2.
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For an 10 element array of floats, it is 50 (on the C-64, where a float is 5 bytes).
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Note: usually you will be interested in the number of elements in an array, use len() for that.
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memset(address, numbytes, bytevalue)
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)byte value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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Note that for clearing the character screen, very fast specialized subroutines are
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available in the ``txt`` block (part of the ``textio`` module)
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memsetw(address, numwords, wordvalue)
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)word value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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leftstr(source, target, length)
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Copies the left side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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rightstr(source, target, length)
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Copies the right side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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strlen(str)
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Number of bytes in the string. This value is determined during runtime and counts upto
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the first terminating 0 byte in the string, regardless of the size of the string during compilation time.
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Don't confuse this with ``len`` and ``sizeof``
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strcmp(string1, string2)
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Returns -1, 0 or 1 depeding on wether string1 sorts before, equal or after string2.
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Note that you can also directly compare strings and string values with eachother
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using ``==``, ``<`` etcetera (it will use strcmp for you under water automatically).
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substr(source, target, start, length)
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Copies a segment from the source string, starting at the given index,
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and of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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Miscellaneous
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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exit(returncode)
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Immediately stops the program and exits it, with the returncode in the A register.
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Note: custom interrupt handlers remain active unless manually cleared first!
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lsb(x)
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Get the least significant byte of the word x. Equivalent to the cast "x as ubyte".
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@ -767,19 +826,10 @@ lsb(x)
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msb(x)
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Get the most significant byte of the word x.
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sgn(x)
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Get the sign of the value. Result is -1, 0 or 1 (negative, zero, positive).
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mkword(msb, lsb)
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Efficiently create a word value from two bytes (the msb and the lsb). Avoids multiplication and shifting.
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So mkword($80, $22) results in $8022.
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any(x)
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1 ('true') if any of the values in the array value x is 'true' (not zero), else 0 ('false')
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all(x)
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1 ('true') if all of the values in the array value x are 'true' (not zero), else 0 ('false')
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rnd()
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returns a pseudo-random byte from 0..255
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@ -813,54 +863,6 @@ ror2(x)
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It uses some extra logic to not consider the carry flag as extra rotation bit.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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memcopy(from, to, numbytes)
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Efficiently copy a number of bytes (1 - 256) from a memory location to another.
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NOTE: 'to' must NOT overlap with 'from', unless it is *before* 'from'.
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Because this function imposes some overhead to handle the parameters,
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it is only faster if the number of bytes is larger than a certain threshold.
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Compare the generated code to see if it was beneficial or not.
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The most efficient will always be to write a specialized copy routine in assembly yourself!
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memset(address, numbytes, bytevalue)
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)byte value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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Note that for clearing the character screen, very fast specialized subroutines are
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available in the ``txt`` block (part of the ``textio`` module)
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memsetw(address, numwords, wordvalue)
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)word value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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leftstr(source, target, length)
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Copies the left side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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rightstr(source, target, length)
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Copies the right side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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substr(source, target, start, length)
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Copies a segment from the source string, starting at the given index,
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and of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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strcmp(string1, string2)
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Returns -1, 0 or 1 depeding on wether string1 sorts before, equal or after string2.
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swap(x, y)
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Swap the values of numerical variables (or memory locations) x and y in a fast way.
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set_carry() / clear_carry()
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Set (or clear) the CPU status register Carry flag. No result value.
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(translated into ``SEC`` or ``CLC`` cpu instruction)
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set_irqd() / clear_irqd()
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Set (or clear) the CPU status register Interrupt Disable flag. No result value.
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(translated into ``SEI`` or ``CLI`` cpu instruction)
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rsave()
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Saves the CPU registers and the status flags.
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You can now more or less 'safely' use the registers directly, until you
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@ -875,10 +877,22 @@ rrestore()
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read_flags()
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Returns the current value of the CPU status register.
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exit(returncode)
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Immediately stops the program and exits it, with the returncode in the A register.
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Note: custom interrupt handlers remain active unless manually cleared first!
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sizeof(name)
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Number of bytes that the object 'name' occupies in memory. This is a constant determined by the data type of
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the object. For instance, for a variable of type uword, the sizeof is 2.
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For an 10 element array of floats, it is 50 (on the C-64, where a float is 5 bytes).
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Note: usually you will be interested in the number of elements in an array, use len() for that.
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set_carry() / clear_carry()
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Set (or clear) the CPU status register Carry flag. No result value.
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(translated into ``SEC`` or ``CLC`` cpu instruction)
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set_irqd() / clear_irqd()
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Set (or clear) the CPU status register Interrupt Disable flag. No result value.
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(translated into ``SEI`` or ``CLI`` cpu instruction)
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swap(x, y)
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Swap the values of numerical variables (or memory locations) x and y in a fast way.
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Library routines
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@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ TODO
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====
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- get rid of all other TODO's in the code ;-)
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- modify string comparison expressions to use strcmp() automatically
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- only allow array indexing via a number, a variable, or a typecast of one of those (eliminate complex expression calcs for array indexing, force explicit use of an index variable)
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- implement @stack for asmsub parameters
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- make it possible to use cpu opcodes such as 'nop' as variable names by prefixing all asm vars with something such as '_'
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