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245 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
245 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
************************
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Compiler library modules
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************************
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The compiler provides several "built-in" library modules with useful subroutine and variables.
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Some of these may be specific for a certain compilation target, or work slightly different,
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but some effort is put into making them available across compilation targets.
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This means that as long as your program is only using the subroutines from these
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libraries and not using hardware- and/or system dependent code, and isn't hardcoding certain
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assumptions like the screen size, the exact same source program can
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be compiled for multiple different target platforms. Many of the example programs that come
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with Prog8 are written like this.
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You can ``%import`` and use these modules explicitly, but the compiler may also import one or more
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of these library modules automatically as required.
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For full details on what is available in the libraries, look at their source code here:
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https://github.com/irmen/prog8/tree/master/compiler/res/prog8lib
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.. caution::
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The resulting compiled binary program *only works on the target machine it was compiled for*.
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You must recompile the program for every target you want to run it on.
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syslib
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------
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The "system library" for your target machine. It contains many system-specific definitions such
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as ROM/kernal subroutine definitions, memory location constants, and utility subroutines.
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Many of these definitions overlap for the C64 and Commander X16 targets so it is still possible
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to write programs that work on both targets without modifications.
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sys (part of syslib)
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--------------------
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``target``
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A constant ubyte value designating the target machine that the program is compiled for.
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Notice that this is a compile-time constant value and is not determined on the
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system when the program is running.
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The following return values are currently defined:
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- 16 = compiled for CommanderX16 with 65C02 CPU
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- 64 = compiled for Commodore-64 with 6502/6510 CPU
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``exit(returncode)``
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Immediately stops the program and exits it, with the returncode in the A register.
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Note: custom interrupt handlers remain active unless manually cleared first!
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``memcopy(from, to, numbytes)``
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Efficiently copy a number of bytes from a memory location to another.
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NOTE: 'to' must NOT overlap with 'from', unless it is *before* 'from'.
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Because this function imposes some overhead to handle the parameters,
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it is only faster if the number of bytes is larger than a certain threshold.
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Compare the generated code to see if it was beneficial or not.
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The most efficient will often be to write a specialized copy routine in assembly yourself!
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``memset(address, numbytes, bytevalue)``
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)byte value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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Note that for clearing the screen, very fast specialized subroutines are
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available in the ``textio`` and ``graphics`` library modules.
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``memsetw(address, numwords, wordvalue)``
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Efficiently set a part of memory to the given (u)word value.
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But the most efficient will always be to write a specialized fill routine in assembly yourself!
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``read_flags() -> ubyte``
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Returns the current value of the CPU status register.
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``set_carry()``
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Sets the CPU status register Carry flag.
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``clear_carry()``
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Clears the CPU status register Carry flag.
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``set_irqd()``
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Sets the CPU status register Interrupt Disable flag.
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``clear_irqd()``
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Clears the CPU status register Interrupt Disable flag.
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``progend()``
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Returns the last address of the program in memory + 1.
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Can be used to load dynamic data after the program, instead of hardcoding something.
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``wait(uword jiffies)``
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wait approximately the given number of jiffies (1/60th seconds)
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note: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work as it depends on the system jiffy clock
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``waitvsync()``
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busy wait till the next vsync has occurred (approximately), without depending on custom irq handling.
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can be used to avoid screen flicker/tearing when updating screen contents.
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note: a more accurate way to wait for vsync is to set up a vsync irq handler instead.
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note for cx16: the system irq handler has to be active for this to work (this is not required on c64)
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``waitrastborder()`` (c64/c128 targets only)
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busy wait till the raster position has reached the bottom screen border (approximately)
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can be used to avoid screen flicker/tearing when updating screen contents.
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note: a more accurate way to do this is by using a raster irq handler instead.
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``reset_system()``
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Soft-reset the system back to initial power-on Basic prompt.
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(called automatically by Prog8 when the main subroutine returns and the program is not using basicsafe zeropage option)
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conv
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----
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Routines to convert strings to numbers or vice versa.
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- numbers to strings, in various formats (binary, hex, decimal)
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- strings in decimal, hex and binary format into numbers (bytes, words)
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textio (txt.*)
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--------------
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This will probably be the most used library module. It contains a whole lot of routines
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dealing with text-based input and output (to the screen). Such as
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- printing strings and numbers
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- reading text input from the user via the keyboard
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- filling or clearing the screen and colors
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- scrolling the text on the screen
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- placing individual characters on the screen
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diskio
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------
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Provides several routines that deal with disk drive I/O, such as:
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- list files on disk, optionally filtering by a simple pattern with ? and *
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- show disk directory as-is
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- display disk drive status
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- load and save data from and to the disk
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- delete and rename files on the disk
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string
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------
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Provides string manipulation routines.
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``length(str) -> ubyte length``
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Number of bytes in the string. This value is determined during runtime and counts upto
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the first terminating 0 byte in the string, regardless of the size of the string during compilation time.
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Don't confuse this with ``len`` and ``sizeof``
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``left(source, length, target)``
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Copies the left side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Also, you have to make sure yourself that length is smaller or equal to the length of the source string.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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``right(source, length, target)``
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Copies the right side of the source string of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Also, you have to make sure yourself that length is smaller or equal to the length of the source string.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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``slice(source, start, length, target)``
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Copies a segment from the source string, starting at the given index,
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and of the given length to target string.
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It is assumed the target string buffer is large enough to contain the result.
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Also, you have to make sure yourself that start and length are within bounds of the strings.
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Modifies in-place, doesn't return a value (so can't be used in an expression).
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``find(string, char) -> uword address``
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Locates the first position of the given character in the string, returns the string starting
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with this character or $0000 if the character is not found.
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``compare(string1, string2) -> ubyte result``
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Returns -1, 0 or 1 depeding on wether string1 sorts before, equal or after string2.
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Note that you can also directly compare strings and string values with eachother
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using ``==``, ``<`` etcetera (it will use string.compare for you under water automatically).
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``copy(from, to) -> ubyte length``
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Copy a string to another, overwriting that one. Returns the length of the string that was copied.
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Often you don't have to call this explicitly and can just write ``string1 = string2``
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but this function is useful if you're dealing with addresses for instance.
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``lower(string)``
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Lowercases the petscii-string in place.
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``upper(string)``
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Uppercases the petscii-string in place.
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floats
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------
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Provides definitions for the ROM/kernal subroutines and utility routines dealing with floating
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point variables. This includes ``print_f``, the routine used to print floating point numbers.
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graphics
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--------
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Monochrome bitmap graphics routines, fixed 320*200 resolution:
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- clearing the screen
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- drawing individual pixels
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- drawing lines, rectangles, filled rectangles, circles, discs
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This library is available both on the C64 and the Cx16.
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It uses the ROM based graphics routines on the latter, and it is a very small library because of that.
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That also means though that it is constrained to 320*200 resolution on the Cx16 as well.
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Use the ``gfx2`` library if you want full-screen graphics or non-monochrome drawing.
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gfx2 (cx16 only)
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-----------------
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Full-screen multicolor bitmap graphics routines, available on the Cx16 machine only.
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- multiple full-screen resolutions: 640 * 480 monochrome, and 320 * 240 monochrome and 256 colors
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- clearing screen, switching screen mode, also back to text mode is possible.
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- drawing individual pixels
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- drawing lines, rectangles, filled rectangles, circles, discs
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- drawing text inside the bitmap
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- in monochrome mode, it's possible to use a stippled drawing pattern to simulate a shade of gray.
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palette (cx16 only)
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--------------------
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Available for the Cx16 target. Various routines to set the display color palette.
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There are also a few better looking Commodore-64 color palettes available here,
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because the Commander X16's default colors for this (the first 16 colors) are too saturated
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and are quite different than how they looked on a VIC-II chip in a C-64.
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math
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----
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Low level math routines. You should not normally have to bother with this directly.
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The compiler needs it to implement most of the math operations in your programs.
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cx16logo
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--------
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A 'fun' module that contains the Commander X16 logo and that allows you
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to print it anywhere on the screen.
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prog8_lib
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---------
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Low level language support. You should not normally have to bother with this directly.
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The compiler needs it for verious built-in system routines.
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