qasm/IIGS.601.SRC/ToolBoxMisc/ReadMeFiles/Shortcuts.text

		     System 6.0.1 Tips and Shortcuts

There is usually more than one way to perform a function on your Apple IIGS.  A number of shortcuts have been built-in to the System 6 software to provide the greatest flexibility and efficiency.  This document lists a number of tips and shortcuts that may or may not have been described in the manual.  You may have already discovered some of these for yourself, but many are not obvious.

Note: if you run across terms which are unfamiliar to you, please check the glossary at the back of the System 6 User's Reference.  This document assumes some familiarity with the operation of your GS and with system software.  Consult your manual if you run across an area which is unfamiliar to you. 

System Startup Options
When turning on the computer or rebooting, press the Ô8Õ key to start up in ProDOS 8.

When turning on the computer or rebooting, hold down the ÔShiftÕ key to inhibit loading of non-system Inits (in the System.Setup folder) and all desk accessories (in the Desk.Accs folder).  This can be useful if youÕve recently added an Init or DA that prevents the system from booting normally.  You can use the ÔShiftÕ key to boot without loading the offending file, and then remove the file once the system displays the Finder.

If you normally have a Startup application selected (with the SetStart control panel), you can temporarily override this setting by holding down the ÔCommandÕ key during the startup process.  When the SetStart icon appears (the boot), the Control Panel will recognize the keypress, skip setting the Startup application, and then draw a red X through the icon.  (At this point, you can release the ÔCommandÕ key.)  The system will start the Finder instead of the selected startup application.

¥ WORKING WITH THE FINDER
Many Finder shortcuts are listed under Finder Help in the Finder.

Keyboard navigation has been added to allow you so select icons easily:
- You can also use the arrow keys to move from one icon to another.
- ÔTabÕ selects the next icon alphabetically; ÔShift-TabÕ selects the previous icon alphabetically.
- ÔEscÕ deselects all icons on the desktop and moves the keyboard-select keys to the icons in the front window; ÔCommand-EscÕ or ÔCommand-Shift-Up ArrowÕ deselects all icons  in the front window and moves the keyboard-select keys back to the desktop.

ÔCommand-Keypad-0Õ cycles through your open windows.  ÔCommand-Shift-Keypad-0Õ cycles through the windows the other way.

ÔControlÕ works with ÔCommand-WÕ and ÔCommand-Option-WÕ; it temporarily reverses the Save Finder information setting.

You can now use ÔCommand-PeriodÕ to stop the calculate in Icon Info windows.

ÔCommand-PeriodÕ now also works like ÔEscÕ to terminate either Verify or Validate.

The File menu command ÔPut AwayÕ (Command-Y) now works on disk icons as well as files and folders.  Putting away a disk ejects the selected disk, or disconnects you from the selected shared disk.  (Dragging a disk icon to the trash works in exactly the same way, but ÔPut AwayÕ may be a more preferable method and has a keyboard equivalent.)

For your convenience, the Finder automatically selects a diskÕs icon when you insert the disk.  Also, when you close a window the Finder automatically selects the disk or folder icon into which the window closed, if no other icons would otherwise be selected (the Finder assumes that if you selected icons in another window or on the desktop, it should leave them selected).

Holding down ÔOptionÕ while double-clicking a document (or while choosing ÔOpenÕ from the Finder's File menu) presents the directory dialog box.  You can specify what application to associate with the desired document for a one time launch.  Holding down ÔOptionÕ and ÔControlÕ while double-clicking a document does the same thing, but the Finder makes a note to launch that application whenever you open a document of that same kind.

You can double-click on a Control Panel icon to open that Control Panel, even if itÕs not in your startup diskÕs System:CDevs folder.  (However, Control Panels that do special things at system startup time must be kept in the System:CDevs folder.)

You can hold down ÔOptionÕ and choose ÔControl PanelsÕ from the Apple menu to open the System:CDevs folder.

You can drag a Control Panel icon onto the desktop for convenience.  (If you drag it from the System:CDevs folder, the Control Panel is still seen by the system as being stored in the CDevs folder.)

You can drag folders onto the desktop (this was not allowed in previous versions of the Finder).

When an Icon Info window is in front and the General card is visible, typing ÔIÕ toggles the Inactive checkbox (if present) and ÔLÕ toggles the Locked checkbox.  (You can inactivate several kinds of files, including Finder Icon files that you donÕt want to use.)  You can also use ÔCommand-KÕ to activate the calculate icon.

ÔCommand-1Õ through ÔCommand-4Õ select various Icon Info cards, left to right.  (Not all cards are present for all icons.  The four cards are General, Where, Comment, and Access.)

In the Shut Down dialog, you can type ÔSÕ, ÔRÕ, or ÔQÕ to select the Shut Down, Restart, or Quit radio buttons, and you can use the up and down arrow keys to select different buttons.

In the Preferences dialog, Ô1Õ, Ô2Õ, Ô3Õ, and Ô4Õ toggle the four checkboxes grouped under List Views, and ÔSÕ, ÔHÕ, ÔWÕ, and ÔCÕ toggle the other four items, which begin with those letters.  (These work with or without the Command key.)

Window Shuffling
ÔCommand-WÕ always closes the front System window (NDAs and Control Panels, for example), even if the application youÕre in does not support the standard Command-W equivalent for ÔCloseÕ in the File menu.

If you already have NDA windows open, you can bring them in front of some dialog boxes (for example, Finder Preferences and EasyMount ÔConnect AsÕ), just by clicking in the NDA window.

Keyboard Navigation in Lists
Whenever you see a List control with a bold frame, you can use the up and down arrows to select various items in the list.  You can also type the first one or more letters of an item to select it.  When typing the first several letters of an item, you have to type a key every two-thirds of a second or faster.  You can also type ÔClearÕ or ÔDeleteÕ to clear the existing string of letters instead of waiting two-thirds of a second.

Some lists without bold frames work this way, too.

Initializing and Erasing Disks
When initializing or erasing a disk (in the Initialize dialog), ÔCommand-ReturnÕ works for the Initialize or Erase button.

When you insert a disk that is already formatted, but not for a file system you can use, you get an alert that identifies the diskÕs format as best it can and asks ÒDo you want to initialize it?  Eject/InitializeÓ.  If you hold down ÔOptionÕ when you click ÔInitializeÕ, the system offers to erase the disk instead.

Note:  Erasing saves time, since the media will not be physically reformatted.  On the other hand, the system does not verify that all blocks on the disk are usable.  Use ÔEraseÕ instead of ÔInitializeÕ only if youÕre sure the disk is properly formatted.

EasyMount
If the EasyMount Finder extension is installed, then ÔMake Alias...Õ appears in the Extras menu.

Select any disk, folder, or application icon and choose ÔMake Alias...Õ from the Extras menu.  EasyMount will ask you where to save the EasyMount document.

You can double-click on an EasyMount document to open the original item.  That is, double-clicking on an EasyMount document opens a disk window, opens a folder window, or launches an application.

If the original item is a shared disk, or is on a shared disk, EasyMount automatically connects to the shared disk before opening the item.  A ÔConnect asÕ dialog will appear if a password is required but not recorded.

If the password is recorded, but you want the ÔConnect asÕ dialog anyway, hold down ÔOptionÕ while double-clicking the alias.  (You can change the Guest/Registered User setting or enter a different user name.)

In the ÔConnect asÕ dialog, ÔCommand-GÕ and ÔCommand-RÕ select the Guest and Registered User radio buttons.

To skip opening a disk or folder window, hold down the Control key while double-clicking the EasyMount document.

¥ TEXT EDITING
When editing text (for example, in the Teach application, or in the Comment card of an Icon Info window in the Finder), try the following...

ÔCommand-Left ArrowÕ moves left by words (i.e. a word at a time).  
ÔCommand-Right ArrowÕ moves right by words.  
ÔOption-Left ArrowÕ moves to the beginning of the line.  
ÔOption-Right ArrowÕ moves to the end of the line.  
Add the ÔShiftÕ key to the key combinations above to select the intervening text.

ÔCommand-Up ArrowÕ moves to the top of the page.  
ÔOption-Up ArrowÕ moves to the beginning of the document.   
ÔCommand-Down ArrowÕ moves to the bottom of the page. 
ÔOption-Down ArrowÕ moves to the end of the document.  
Add the ÔShiftÕ key to the key combinations above to select the intervening text.

ÔDeleteÕ (or ÔControl-DÕ) removes the current selection (if there is no selection, it removes the character to the left of the insertion point).

ÔClearÕ removes the current selection.

ÔControl-FÕ removes the character to the right of the insertion point (if there is a selection, it just removes the selection).

ÔControl-YÕ removes all characters from the insertion point to the end of the line.

ÔControl-XÕ, Ô-CÕ, and Ô-VÕ are Cut, Copy, and Paste (you can use these even in unusual cases where the Edit menu is not available).

Clicking the mouse moves the insertion point; dragging selects by character.  Double-clicking selects a word; dragging extends the selection by words.  Triple-clicking selects a line; dragging extends the selection by lines.

Keyboard Translation
If ÔStandardÕ is chosen in the General Control PanelÕs Translation menu, you can type special characters by holding down the ÔOptionÕ key.

Most of the special characters are easily viewable if you have Video Keyboard installed (use the Installer script Special Aids: VideoKeyboard).  Choose Video Keyboard from the Apple menu, and then hold down ÔOptionÕ, or ÔOptionÕ and ÔShiftÕ.

Certain characters begin two-character sequences:  ÔOption-eÕ puts an accent over the next letter, ÔOption-`Õ puts an (`) accent over the next character, ÔOption-iÕ puts a caret (^) over the next character, and ÔOption-nÕ puts a tilde (~) over the next character.


¥ WORKING WITH VARIOUS DIALOG BOXES
System 6 often prompts the user with dialog boxes.  Dialog boxes are windows containing either additional information, warnings, or instructions which often prompt you to provide additional commands in order to perform a certain function.  Below, are a number of tips for working with the various dialog boxes that you may encounter.

Directory Dialog boxes (Standard File)
You can type one or more letters from the beginning of an item to jump the selection down to that item.  (To use the first several characters of an item name, you have to type one key every two-thirds of a second or faster.)

ÔTabÕ no longer moves to the next disk.  In dialogs where you enter a file name, ÔTabÕ chooses between the edit line and the file list.  Keystrokes go to whichever one is active.

ÔCommand-Right ArrowÕ or ÔCommand-TabÕ moves to the next disk, and ÔCommand-Left ArrowÕ moves to the previous disk.

ÔCommand-PeriodÕ is the Cancel button (ÔEscÕ is not).

ÔEscÕ and ÔCommand-Up ArrowÕ are equivalent to the Close button (moving ÔupÕ one level).

ÔCommand-EscÕ, ÔCommand-DÕ (for Disks), or ÔCommand-Shift-Up ArrowÕ jump to the Disks level (like clicking Close repeatedly or clicking the Disks button).

Clicking on the Ôpath itemÕ (the triangle in a box, or the text next to it) displays a pop-up menu with one item for every level in the current path, all the way up to Disks.  Choosing an item takes you ÔupÕ one or more levels.

ÔCommand-OÕ and ÔCommand-Down ArrowÕ are the Open button (not always the same as the bold-outlined button).

AlertWindow Dialog boxes
Many dialog boxes are handled by AlertWindow (there will be some text, one or more buttons, and usually an icon in the top left).  In these dialogs:

¥ ÔEscÕ and ÔCommand-PeriodÕ are the Cancel button, if one is available.
¥ ÔReturnÕ is the bold-outlined button, if there is one.
¥ For other buttons, you can type the first letter of a button name to go to that button (if two buttons have the same first letter, typing that letter does nothing).  This feature works with or without the Command key.

Font Selection Dialog box
This dialog is the one that appears in Teach when you choose ÔChoose Font...Õ from the Font menu.  (Note that the same dialog appears in many other applications, sometimes in response to a menu item with a different name, like ÔAttributes...Õ).

Use ÔTabÕ (or the mouse) to move between the font family list, the size list, and the size box.  In the family list, you can use arrows and letters to choose a family.  In the size list, you can use the up and down arrows (typing a letter takes you back to the family list automatically).

ÔCommand -PÕ, Ô-BÕ, Ô-IÕ, Ô-UÕ, Ô-OÕ, and Ô-SÕ toggle the six Style checkboxes (Plain, Bold, Italic, Underline, Outline, Shadow).

Tabbing Between Controls
ÔTabÕ advances to the next targetable control.  In many dialogs, ÔCommand-TabÕ moves in the opposite direction, to the previous targetable control.

Checkboxes and Radio Buttons
You can almost always toggle a checkbox or select a radio button by clicking in the description beside it.  You donÕt have to click inside the square or circle.


¥ WORKING WITH THE CONTROL PANELS
The Control Panels window
ÔCommand-Shift-EscÕ opens the Control Panels window, just like choosing Control Panels from the Apple menu.  (ÔCommand-Option-Shift-EscÕ opens the System:CDevs folder, if youÕre in the Finder.)

You can use letters and arrow keys to select a Control Panel icon.

ÔReturnÕ, ÔCommand-OÕ, or double-clicking an icon opens the selected Control Panel(s).

If you hold down ÔOptionÕ while opening a Control Panel, the main window closes after the Control Panel opens.  (Similar to ÔOption-openingÕ a folder in the Finder.)

You can hold down ÔCommandÕ and click on an icon to select several Control Panel icons at once, or you can hold down ÔShiftÕ to select a whole range of Control Panel icons.

ÔCommand-HÕ or ÔCommand-?Õ is the Help button.

AppleShare Control Panel
You can ÔTabÕ between the Zone list, Server list, and User Name.  If you have a lot of zones or a lot of servers, arrow keys and letter keys are helpful.

In the ÔConnect to the file server...asÕ dialog, ÔCommand-GÕ and ÔCommand-RÕ select the Guest and Registered User radio buttons.

Sounds Control Panel
The Sounds Control Panel lets you choose what sounds, if any, the computer plays for the System Beep and twenty-two specific events (such as Disk Inserted, Disk Ejected, and Task Completed).

Choose an event from the Event menu, and then choose a sound from the Sounds menu.  The Sounds menu contains ÔNot AssignedÕ, ÔSilenceÕ, and ÔStandard BeepÕ, plus the sounds in your System:Sounds folder.  These sounds are in the same format HyperCard IIgs uses (if you put a HyperCard IIgs stack in the Sounds folder, any sounds in the stack are available).  If no sounds are listed, install Control Panel:Sounds using the Installer; eleven sounds are provided.

Setting an event to ÔNot AssignedÕ gives any other sound utilities you installed a chance to respond to that event.  If no sound utility responds to the event, the result is either silence or the Standard Beep (it depends on the program causing the event, not the event itself).

Pressing ÔReturnÕ with the Sounds window in front replays the currently selected sound.

Time Control Panel
Use ÔTabÕ to move between Date and Time controls.  Left and right arrows move between fields.  The up and down arrows change field values.

You can type numbers directly - there is no need to adjust them with the mouse.


¥ WORKING WITH DESK ACCESSORIES
Classic Desk Accessory menu (Command-Ctrl-Esc)
You can type letters to move around in the built-in or 'classic' desk accessory menu (first letter only).  Each press moves you to the next line that starts with that letter.

ÔEscÕ takes you to Quit, and ÔCommand-Up ArrowÕ and ÔCommand-Down ArrowÕ take you up and down one screenful at a time.

DESKTOP DA'S:
Calculator Desk Accessory
The Calculator window layout matches the keypad.  You can use the main keyboard, the keypad, or click on the buttons in the Calculator window interchangeably.

Every time you use Ô=Õ the Calculator repeats the last operation.  For example, to count backwards from 98 by 7s, type Ò98 - 7 = = = = = = = =Ó.

Typing Ô/Õ followed by Ô=Õ computes the reciprocal (as on many algebraic calculators).  For example, 4 / = gives 0.25.

ÔHÕ toggles between decimal and hexadecimal mode.  ÔZÕ (or clicking the Zoom box) zooms the window to show or hide the ÔA-FÕ keys.  (The keys donÕt have to be visible to use Hex.  ÔHexÕ appears in the display when youÕre in Hex mode.)

Clicking on the small ÔApple symbolÕ (or ÔCommand-?Õ) shows the About box.

ÔCopyÕ (or ÔCommand-CÕ) copies the Calculator display to the clipboard (as text).

ÔCutÕ (or ÔCommand-XÕ) copies the Calculator display to the clipboard (as text) and clears the display to Ô0Õ.

ÔPasteÕ (or ÔCommand-VÕ) lets you paste numbers or calculations from the clipboard into the Calculator, just as if you were typing the characters on the keyboard.  (Characters the Calculator does not recognize are simply ignored.)

Find File Desk Accessory
Find File normally ignores invisible files.  If you want to include invisible files in the search, hold down ÔOptionÕ when you click on the ÔFind FileÕ button (or when you hit ÔReturnÕ to begin the search).

You may continue working while Find File searches, but it searches faster while the Find File window is in front.  (The system responds to mouse clicks in about one second while Find File is searching.)

ÔEscÕ or ÔCommand-PeriodÕ stops the search.

ÔCommand-FÕ will open Find File unless the application is already using that key for a menu item.

¥ WORKING WITH ARCHIVER
Use Ô?Õ for the Identify button.
Use ÔRight ArrowÕ for the Device button.
Use ÔCommand-MÕ for Mark files, ÔCommand-UÕ for Unmark files.


¥ WORKING WITH ÒEASY ACCESSÓ
Controlling the Mouse From the Keyboard

On the 1 Megabyte Apple IIgs (ROM 3), and on ROM 1 computers when Special Aids: Easy Access is installed, you can control the mouse from the keypad.  Press ÔCommand-Shift-ClearÕ to enable keyboard mouse control; press ÔClearÕ to disable it.

While keyboard mouse control is on, keys on the numeric keypad control the mouse pointer.  Ô5Õ is the mouse button, and the keys surrounding it (Ô1Õ-Ô4Õ and Ô6Õ-Ô9Õ) allow horizontal, vertical, and diagonal movement.

To make each press of a direction key move the pointer in larger increments, type * followed by a digit from Ô1Õ to Ô9Õ (*1 or ** returns to normal).

Pressing the Ô0Õ key locks down the mouse button until you press the ÔperiodÕ key.

Sticky Keys
On the 1 Megabyte Apple IIgs (ROM 3), and on ROM 1 computers when Special Aids: Easy Access is installed, you can use Sticky Keys to press modifier keys in sequence instead of all at once.  The modifier keys are ÔShiftÕ, ÔCommandÕ, ÔOptionÕ, and ÔControlÕ.

To turn Sticky Keys on or off, press and release ÔShiftÕ five times in a row.  When Sticky Keys is on, every modifier key you press and release is considered pressed for the next non-modifier keypress.  To lock down a modifier for a series of keypresses, press and release the modifier twice in a row.  (To turn off a locked modifier, press it three times in a row.)

Sticky Keys automatically turns off if you press a modifier and non-modifier key at the same time.

Easy Access requires an ADB keyboard and therefore does not work on a converted AppleÊIIe.