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264 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
264 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
[[cards]]
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=== Peripheral Cards
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==== Disk ][ Controller
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The Disk ][ Controller card emulates the floppy disk controller card and associated
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disk drives in the original Apple ][ systems. In the emulator, each card has two
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drives attached to it, referred to as drive 1 and drive 2. The floppy disks
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themselves are represented by a ``nibble'' image of the contents. The
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emulator emulates the hardware, but to be of any use, you will need to provide
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the firmware ROM code.
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To use a disk card and drives, add these lines to your epple2.conf file, for example:
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--------
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slot 6 disk
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import slot 6 rom 0 /usr/lib/apple2/dos3x/16sector/controller/disk2.ex65
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--------
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The first line uses the <<_slot,slot>> command to
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insert a disk contoller card into slot 6, which is the standard
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slot used for disk cards. The next line uses the <<_import,import>>
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command to load the card's ROM with the disk controller
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firmware. This firmware is known as the ``bootstrap'' or ``P5'' ROM code.
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It is seen by the Apple ][ at memory addresses $Cs00-$CsFF, where s is the
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slot number (so in the common case of the card being in slot 6, the ROM is
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at $C600-$C6FF). The firmware is copyright by Apple, and is available from
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the http://mosher.mine.nu/apple2/[Apple II Library].
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You can also load a floppy disk image (nibble format) into the drive,either by putting
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the <<_load,load>> command into the +epple2.conf+ file, or by using the command prompt
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in the emulator (+F5+ key). For example, you could load the DOS 3.3 system master into
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slot 6, drive 1, with this command
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--------
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load slot 6 drive 1 /usr/lib/apple2/dos3x/16sector/disks/dos330/clean330sysmas.nib
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--------
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==== Language
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The language card emulates an Apple 16K RAM card, commonly called a Language Card.
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To use a language card, add this line to your epple2.conf file:
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--------
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slot 0 language
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--------
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Note that DOS and ProDOS will make use of a language card only if it is in slot _zero_.
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The language card has RAM at addresses $E000 through $FFFF, as well as two banks of RAM
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at addresses $D000 through $DFFF. A program switches between these RAMs and/or the
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motherboard ROM by using the I/O switches at $C080 through $C08F.
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The information area of the Epple ][ will show the current state of the
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language card as follows:
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* +R+ Read from card RAM (vs. motherboard ROM)
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* +W+ Write to card RAM (vs. write-disabled)
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* +B1+ Use $D000 bank 1
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* +B2+ Use $D000 bank 2
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An overview of the I/O switches that control the language card
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is provided by Jim Sather in
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http://www.scribd.com/doc/201423/Understanding-the-Apple-II-by-Jim-Sather-1983Quality-Software[Understanding the Apple II],
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p. 5-30, Table 5.4, as follows:
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[options="header", style="monospaced"]
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|==================================================================
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| BANK2 | BANK1 2+| ACTION
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| C080 | C088 .2+| WRTCOUNT = 0*, WRITE DISABLE .2+| READ ENABLE
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| C084 | C08C
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| RC081 | RC089 .2+| WRTCOUNT = WRTCOUNT + 1* .2+| READ DISABLE
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| RC085 | RC08D
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| WC081 | WC089 .2+| WRTCOUNT = 0* .2+| READ DISABLE
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| WC085 | WC08D
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| C082 | C08A .2+| WRTCOUNT = 0*, WRITE DISABLE .2+| READ DISABLE
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| C086 | C08E
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| RC083 | RC08B .2+| WRTCOUNT = WRTCOUNT + 1* .2+| READ ENABLE
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| RC087 | RC08F
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| WC083 | WC08B .2+| WRTCOUNT = 0* .2+| READ ENABLE
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| WC087 | WC08F
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|==================================================================
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^*^ Writing to expansion RAM is enabled when WRTCOUNT reaches 2.
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==== Firmware
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The firmware card emulates a (modified) Apple Firmware card.
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The firmware card is simply an alternate ROM, at addresses
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$D000 through $FFFF, that is switched using the I/O switches
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at addresses $C080 through $C08F. In order to make use of the
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firmware card, you will need to load the ROM with a binary image
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from a file on disk. For example, to insert an Integer BASIC
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firmware card into the emulator, add these lines to your
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+epple2.conf+ file:
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--------
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# Firmware card with Integer BASIC and old Monitor
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slot 0 firmware
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import slot 0 rombank 1000 /usr/lib/apple2/system/intbasic/intbasic.ex65
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import slot 0 rombank 2425 /usr/lib/apple2/system/other/other.ex65
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import slot 0 rombank 2800 /usr/lib/apple2/system/monitor/apple2/monitor.ex65
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--------
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For an Applesoft BASIC firmware card, use these:
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--------
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# Firmware card with Applesoft BASIC and Autostart Monitor
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slot 0 firmware
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import slot 0 rombank 0000 /usr/lib/apple2/system/applesoft/applesoft.ex65
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import slot 0 rombank 2800 /usr/lib/apple2/system/monitor/apple2plus/monitor.ex65
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--------
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Note that the addresses specified in the +epple2.conf+ file for the
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rombank are based on the beginning of the bank ROM itself. For example, specifying
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+1000+ (which is 1000 hex) represents the final memory address of $E000, because
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the bank ROM is always based at address $D000.
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The idea is that you would load your motherboard with, for
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example, Applesoft BASIC and the Autostart Monitor ROM (to emulate
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an Apple ][ plus), and then install a firmware card with Integer
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BASIC and the old Monitor. Booting with DOS 3.3, then, would allow
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you to type +FP+ to use Applesoft BASIC, or +INT+ to switch to Integer BASIC.
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Note that DOS and ProDOS will make use of a firmware card only if it is in slot _zero_.
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Jim Sather, in
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http://www.scribd.com/doc/201423/Understanding-the-Apple-II-by-Jim-Sather-1983Quality-Software[Understanding the Apple II],
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on pages 6-18 through 6-21, explains
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how to modify a firmware card to allow independent switching of the $F800-$FFFF
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ROM memory. This area is occupied by the Monitor, so it is primarily
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intended to allow the user to switch between the old Monitor and the Autostart
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Monitor, independent of switching between Integer and Applesoft BASIC. The EPPLE ][
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firmware card emulates this behavior.
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The information area of the EPPLE ][ will show the current state of the
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firmware card as follows:
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* +D+ Read from firmware card $D000-$F7FF (vs. motherboard BASIC ROM)
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* +F8+ Read from firmware card $F800-$FFFF (vs. motherboard Monitor ROM)
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==== Clock
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The clock card emulates a ProDOS-compatible real-time clock card for the Apple ][.
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To use a clock card, you will need to configure the EPPLE ][ to insert one into
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a slot, typically slot 4. You will also need to load the card with its ROM code,
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which is provided with the emulator in the clock.ex65 file.
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For example, add this to your epple2.conf file:
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--------
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slot 4 clock
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import slot 4 rom 0 /usr/lib/epple2/cards/clock.ex65
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--------
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Of course you may need to adjust the path for your particular system.
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To verify that the clock card is working correctly, you can run the following Applesoft
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program to retrieve the current time from the clock card and print it.
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This program assumes the card is in slot 4.
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[source,vbs]
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-------------------------------------------------
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NEW
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10 CALL -15360 : REM $C400 SLOT 4 ENTRY POINT
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20 A = 512 : REM $0200 INPUT BUFFER
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30 C = PEEK(A)
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40 IF C < 160 THEN 99
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50 PRINT CHR$(C);
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60 A = A+1
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70 GOTO 30
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99 END
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RUN
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-------------------------------------------------
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The card returns data (into the GETLN input buffer at $200) in
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the following format:
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+mm,ww,dd,hh,nn,ss,000,yyyy,Time Zone,v+
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* +mm+ Month, 01-12
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* +ww+ Weekday, 00=Sunday... 06=Saturday
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* +dd+ Day, 01-31
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* +hh+ Hour, 00-23
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* +nn+ Minute, 00-59
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* +ss+ Second, 00-61
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* +000+ Milliseconds; always zero
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* +yyyy+ Year, e.g., 2008
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* +Time Zone+ time zone string (could contain lower-case characters,
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which won't display correctly)
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* +v+ Daylight Saving Time in effect, 0=no, 1=yes
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Note that only +mm,ww,dd,hh,nn+ fields are used by ProDOS. The other
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fields, +ss,000,yyyy,Time Zone,v+, are an EPPLE ][ extension. Also note
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that ProDOS was not designed to work for years past 2007, so
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ProDOS will show the incorrect year, but the other fields will be accurate.
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I believe patches exist for ProDOS to fix this.
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==== Standard Input
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The ``standard input'' card doesn't emulate a real piece of hardware; rather, it
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reads characters from standard input (stdin) (of the EPPLE ][ emulator).
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To use a standard input card, add these lines to your +epple2.conf+ file:
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-------------------------------------------------
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# IN#2 reads from standard input
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slot 2 stdin
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import slot 2 rom 0 /usr/lib/epple2/cards/stdin.ex65
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-------------------------------------------------
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That will insert a stdin card into slot 2, and then load its
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ROM image into the card.
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The stdin ROM is provided with the EPPLE ][ distribution.
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For example, if you have a stdin card installed in slot 2, start
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the EPPLE ][ emulator from the command line, and at the Applesoft
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prompt, type +IN#2+. Then you can switch back to the
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command shell, and whatever you type will be fed into the emulated
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Apple. Use RESET or +IN#0+ to go back to normal.
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==== Standard Output
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The ``standard output'' card doesn't emulate a real piece of hardware; rather, it acts
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similar to a printer card, but instead of sending characters to a printer, it sends
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them to standard output (stdout) (of the EPPLE ][ emulator).
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To use a standard output card, add these lines to your +epple2.conf+ file:
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-------------------------------------------------
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# PR#1 prints to standard output
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slot 1 stdout
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import slot 1 rom 0 /usr/lib/epple2/cards/stdout.ex65
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-------------------------------------------------
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This will insert a stdout card into slot 1 (which is the typical
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slot for a printer card), and then load its ROM image into the card.
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The stdout ROM is provided with the EPPLE ][ distribution.
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For example, if you have a stdout card installed, at the Applesoft
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prompt, type +PR#1+. Whatever you type next will be
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echoed to standard output. Type +PR#0+ to stop echoing.
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