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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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NO WARRANTY
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
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<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
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Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

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a2tools - utilities for transferring data between Unix and Apple II
DOS 3.3 disk images.
Copyright (C) 1998, 2001 Terry Kyriacopoulos
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Author's e-mail address: terryk@echo-on.net
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
PACKAGE CONTENTS:
README This file.
LICENSE Details of the license that applies to this package.
A2TOOLS.EXE MS-DOS executable program.
manual.dos User's manual for the DOS version.
a2tools.6 User's manual for the UNIX version, in manpage format.
a2tools.c Source program that should compile automatically on any
MS-DOS or UNIX ANSI C compiler.
install.csh C-shell script for easy UNIX installation.
(Inspect before running it.)
SUPPORTED PLATFORMS:
MS-DOS and UNIX. The source is in ANSI C, and should compile properly
on both platforms.
UNIX/Linux INSTALLATION:
Review the shell script "install.csh" and make any changes appropriate
for your system. $BINDIR is the directory where the executable program
will end up; $MANDIR/man6 is the directory where the manual page will
end up. The symbolic links are necessary - the program behaves
differently depending on what name it is called as, and thus is
equivalent to having several different programs. See the manual page
for details.
Running "install.csh" will compile the program and install it on your
system, ready for use.
DOS INSTALLATION:
A prebuilt executable is furnished in this package. Renaming it to an
acceptable short name is recommended.
Optionally, the source program may be compiled with any ANSI C
compiler.

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.TH A2TOOLS 6 " 6 April 2001"
.SH NAME
.B a2tools
\- tools to move data to and from Apple DOS 3.3 disk images
.br
.B a2ls
\- show directory of disk image
.br
.B a2out
\- read a file from disk image
.br
.B a2in
\- write a file into disk image
.br
.B a2rm
\- remove a file from disk image
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B a2ls
disk_image
.br
.B a2out
[\fB\-r\fR] disk_image a2_file [target_file]
.br
.B a2in
[\fB\-r\fR] filetype disk_image a2_file [source_file]
.br
.B a2rm
filename
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B a2tools
is a set of commands that
facilitates the transfer of data between Unix and the Apple II environment
via disk images (\fB.dsk\fR files). It is intended for use mainly with
Apple II emulators such as \fBapple2\fR(6).
.SS Features
.TP
.B -
Works with DOS 3.3-order \fB.dsk\fR disk images.
.TP
.B -
Expands tokenized Integer and Applesoft BASIC programs.
.TP
.B -
Knows about sparse files.
.PP
.B a2ls
shows the directory contents of the specified image,
including the disk volume and number of free sectors.
.PP
.B a2out
writes the file contained in the image to the target file if specified,
or to the standard output otherwise.
If the target file exists, it is overwritten. Unless the
\fB-r\fR option is given, the data will be processed according to the file
type as follows:
.TP
.B Text:
Output all data from the beginning of the file up to the first zero byte.
The high bit is cleared and linefeeds are substituted for carriage
returns.
.TP
.B BASIC (Integer and Applesoft):
Expand (detokenize) the program and output it as readable ASCII.
.TP
.B Binary:
Ignore the first two file bytes (base address), and use the next
two bytes (length) to produce a binary file of the exact original size in
bytes.
.TP
.B Other types:
Not accepted unless in raw mode (see below).
.PP
If the \fB-r\fR (raw mode) option is given, no postprocessing of file data
is done. For files of type other than T (text), the first
0/0 pair in the track/ sector list is assumed to mark the end of file.
However, type T files may be sparse, with 0/0 pairs marking unwritten
segments. Hence, this mode will always output type T files in multiples
of 31232 bytes, and others in multiples of 256 bytes.
.br
.B a2in
writes to a new file in the image the source file if specified,
or the standard input otherwise.
The file must not already exist. The \fIfiletype\fP argument must
consist of a single letter denoting the type of the new file. Valid
values are:
.br
\fBT\fR,\fBt\fR - text
.br
\fBI\fR,\fBi\fR - Integer BASIC
.br
\fBA\fR,\fBa\fR - Applesoft BASIC
.br
\fBB\fR,\fBb\fR[.addr] - binary (optional base address in hex)
.br
\fBR\fR,\fBr\fR - relocatable binary
.br
\fBS\fR,\fBs\fR - type S (obscure)
.br
\fBX\fR,\fBx\fR - "new A" (obscure)
.br
\fBY\fR,\fBy\fR - "new B" (obscure)
.br
Unless the \fB\-r\fR (raw mode) option is given, only types T and B
are acceptable to \fBa2in\fR. Input processing is as follows:
.TP
.B Text:
Set the high bit and substitute carriage returns for linefeeds.
.TP
.B Binary:
Set the base address to that given in the \fIfiletype\fP argument, or to
the default of 0x2000. Set the file length to the exact length of the
standard input stream. Since the length field is only two bytes wide,
file lengths of 64K or more are illegal.
.PP
In raw mode, the standard input is written directly to the file. Zeroes
are used to pad any partial last sectors. If the new file is type T,
blocks containing all zeroes are denoted by a 0/0 entry in the track/sector
list instead of being allocated a sector. That is, sparse files will be
created.
.SH EXAMPLES
Send a readable copy of the BASIC program "PLOT FUNCTION" on the disk
image "basic.dsk" to the printer:
.br
%
.B a2out basic.dsk 'PLOT FUNCTION' | lpr
.br
Import the binary file "pics/airplane" into the disk image "pics.dsk".
Assign it a name of "AIRPLANE" and a base address of 0x4000 (second hi-
res graphics page):
.br
%
.B a2in b.4000 pics.dsk 'AIRPLANE' pics/airplane
.br
Copy the Applesoft program "ROOT FINDER" from disk image "math.dsk" to
"demo.dsk":
.br
%
.B a2out -r math.dsk 'ROOT FINDER'|a2in -r a demo.dsk 'ROOT FINDER'
.br
Import the sparse database "ACCOUNTS" from a gzip-compressed file:
.br
%
.B zcat accounts.gz | a2in -r t shop.dsk ACCOUNTS
.SH BUGS
.TP
.B -
Works with 143360-byte DOS 3.3-order images only.
.TP
.B -
Does not tokenize plain-text BASIC source files, although this
is easily accomplished using the DOS 3.3 EXEC command on such a file.
.TP
.B -
Doesn't handle multiple files, although it can easily be wrapped
in shell scripts to enhance convenience.
.SH AUTHOR
Terry Kyriacopoulos <terryk@echo-on.net>
.SH SEE ALSO
\fBapple2\fR(6)

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/*
a2tools - utilities for transferring data between Unix and Apple II
DOS 3.3 disk images.
Copyright (C) 1998, 2001 Terry Kyriacopoulos
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Author's e-mail address: terryk@echo-on.net
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Modified to be more portable: Unix specifics are marked as such.
ANSI-C is assumed, code is now acceptable to C++ as well,
type definitions are straighetend up, unused variables are removed,
casts are added when required by C++.
Paul Schlyter, 2001-03-20, pausch@saaf.se
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Improvements to accomodate MS-DOS have been made:
- code fixed to work properly on a 16-bit platform
- conditional compilation used to select OS-specific code
automatically
- user interface is now more OS-specific:
- argv[0] command selection for UNIX, argv[1] for DOS
- stdin/stdout forbidden on binary data in DOS
- optional source/destination pathnames for in/out commands
- improved documentation
Terry Kyriacopoulos, April 8, 2001 terryk@echo-on.net
*/
#ifndef UNIX
#ifdef __unix__
#define UNIX
#endif
#endif
#ifndef DOS
#ifdef __MSDOS__
#define DOS
#endif
#endif
#ifndef UNIX
#ifndef DOS
#error Please define macro UNIX or DOS.
#endif
#else
#ifdef DOS
#error Both macros UNIX and DOS are defined!
#endif
#endif
#ifdef DOS
const char *const DOS_HelpText =
"\n"
"a2tools - utility for transferring files from/to Apple II .dsk images\n"
" Copyright (C) 1998, 2001 Terry Kyriacopoulos\n"
"\n"
" Usage:\n"
"\n"
" a2 dir <dsk_image>\n"
" a2 out [-r] <dsk_image> <a2_name> [<dest_file>]\n"
" a2 in [-r] <type>[.<hex_addr>] <dsk_image> <a2_name> [<source>]\n"
" a2 del <dsk_image> <a2_name>\n"
"\n"
" -r (raw mode): Suppress all filetype-dependent processing\n"
" and copy everything as-is.\n"
"\n"
" <type>: one of t,i,a,b,s,r,x,y (do not use -)\n"
" <hex_addr>: base address in hex, for type B (binary)\n"
"\n"
" Quotes may be used around names with spaces, use \\\"\n"
" to include a quote in the name.\n"
;
#endif
/* Apple Integer and AppleSoft BASIC tokens. */
const char *const Integer_tokens[] = {
" HIMEM:", "", " _ ", ":",
" LOAD ", " SAVE ", " CON ", " RUN ",
" RUN ", " DEL ", ",", " NEW ",
" CLR ", " AUTO ", ",", " MAN ",
" HIMEM:", " LOMEM:", "+", "-",
"*", "/", "=", "#",
">=", ">", "<=", "<>",
"<", " AND ", " OR ", " MOD ",
" ^ ", "+", "(", ",",
" THEN ", " THEN ", ",", ",",
"\"", "\"", "(", "!",
"!", "(", " PEEK ", " RND ",
" SGN ", " ABS ", " PDL ", " RNDX ",
"(", "+", "-", " NOT ",
"(", "=", "#", " LEN(",
" ASC(", " SCRN(", ",", "(",
"$", "$", "(", ",",
",", ";", ";", ";",
",", ",", ",", " TEXT ",
" GR ", " CALL ", " DIM ", " DIM ",
" TAB ", " END ", " INPUT ", " INPUT ",
" INPUT ", " FOR ", "=", " TO ",
" STEP ", " NEXT ", ",", " RETURN ",
" GOSUB ", " REM ", " LET ", " GOTO ",
" IF ", " PRINT ", " PRINT ", " PRINT ",
" POKE ", ",", " COLOR=", " PLOT ",
",", " HLIN ", ",", " AT ",
" VLIN ", ",", " AT ", " VTAB ",
"=", "=", ")", ")",
" LIST ", ",", " LIST ", " POP ",
" NODSP ", " NODSP ", " NOTRACE ", " DSP ",
" DSP ", " TRACE ", " PR#", " IN#"
};
const char *const Applesoft_tokens[] = {
" END ", " FOR ", " NEXT ", " DATA ",
" INPUT ", " DEL ", " DIM ", " READ ",
" GR ", " TEXT ", " PR#", " IN#",
" CALL ", " PLOT ", " HLIN ", " VLIN ",
" HGR2 ", " HGR ", " HCOLOR=", " HPLOT ",
" DRAW ", " XDRAW ", " HTAB ", " HOME ",
" ROT=", " SCALE=", " SHLOAD ", " TRACE ",
" NOTRACE ", " NORMAL ", " INVERSE ", " FLASH ",
" COLOR=", " POP ", " VTAB ", " HIMEM:",
" LOMEM:", " ONERR ", " RESUME ", " RECALL ",
" STORE ", " SPEED=", " LET ", " GOTO ",
" RUN ", " IF ", " RESTORE ", " & ",
" GOSUB ", " RETURN ", " REM ", " STOP ",
" ON ", " WAIT ", " LOAD ", " SAVE ",
" DEF ", " POKE ", " PRINT ", " CONT ",
" LIST ", " CLEAR ", " GET ", " NEW ",
" TAB(", " TO ", " FN ", " SPC(",
" THEN ", " AT ", " NOT ", " STEP ",
" + ", " - ", " * ", " / ",
" ^ ", " AND ", " OR ", " > ",
" = ", " < ", " SGN ", " INT ",
" ABS ", " USR ", " FRE ", " SCRN(",
" PDL ", " POS ", " SQR ", " RND ",
" LOG ", " EXP ", " COS ", " SIN ",
" TAN ", " ATN ", " PEEK ", " LEN ",
" STR$ ", " VAL ", " ASC ", " CHR$ ",
" LEFT$ ", " RIGHT$ ", " MID$ ", " ",
" SYNTAX ", " RETURN WITHOUT GOSUB ",
" OUT OF DATA ", " ILLEGAL QUANTITY ",
" OVERFLOW ", " OUT OF MEMORY ",
" UNDEF'D STATEMENT ", " BAD SUBSCRIPT ",
" REDIM'D ARRAY ", " DIVISION BY ZERO ",
" ILLEGAL DIRECT ", " TYPE MISMATCH ",
" STRING TOO LONG ", " FORMULA TOO COMPLEX ",
" CAN'T CONTINUE ", " UNDEF'D FUNCTION ",
" ERROR \a", "", "", ""
};
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FILETYPE_T 0x00
#define FILETYPE_I 0x01
#define FILETYPE_A 0x02
#define FILETYPE_B 0x04
#define FILETYPE_S 0x08
#define FILETYPE_R 0x10
#define FILETYPE_X 0x20
#define FILETYPE_Y 0x40
/* X - "new A", Y - "new B" */
#define MAX_HOPS 560
#define VTOC_CHK_NO 6
const unsigned char vtoc_chk_offset[VTOC_CHK_NO] =
{ 0x03, 0x27, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37};
const unsigned char vtoc_chk_value[VTOC_CHK_NO] =
{ 0x03, 0x7a, 0x23, 0x10, 0x00, 0x01};
FILE *from_file=NULL, *to_file=NULL, *image_fp=NULL;
char *extfilename, *extfilemode;
unsigned char padded_name[30], dir_entry_data[35];
unsigned char vtocbuffer[256];
unsigned int begun, baseaddress, rawmode, filetype, new_sectors;
unsigned long dir_entry_pos;
void quit(int exitcode, char *exitmsg) {
fprintf(stderr,"%s",exitmsg);
if (image_fp) fclose(image_fp);
if (from_file) fclose(from_file);
if (to_file) fclose(to_file);
exit(exitcode);
}
int seek_sect (unsigned int track, unsigned int sector) {
if (track >= 35 || sector >= 16)
quit(1,"seek on .dsk out of range.\n");
return fseek(image_fp, (track*16uL+sector)*256, SEEK_SET);
}
void read_sect (int track, int sector, unsigned char buffer[256]) {
int i;
seek_sect(track, sector);
for (i=0; i<256; i++) buffer[i]=fgetc(image_fp);
}
void write_sect (int track, int sector, unsigned char buffer[256]) {
int i;
seek_sect(track, sector);
for (i=0; i<256; i++) fputc(buffer[i],image_fp);
}
int dir_do (int (*what_to_do)(unsigned char *) ) {
unsigned char buffer[256];
unsigned int cur_trk, cur_sec, i, found, hop;
hop=found=0;
buffer[1]=vtocbuffer[1];
buffer[2]=vtocbuffer[2];
while(++hop < MAX_HOPS && !found && (buffer[1] || buffer[2])) {
cur_trk=buffer[1];
cur_sec=buffer[2];
read_sect (buffer[1],buffer[2],buffer);
i=0x0b;
while(i<=0xdd && !(found=(*what_to_do)(&buffer[i]))) i+=35;
if (found) dir_entry_pos=(cur_trk*16uL+cur_sec)*256+i;
}
if (hop >= MAX_HOPS) quit(2,"\n***Corrupted directory\n\n");
return found;
}
int dir_find_name(unsigned char *buffer) {
int j;
j=0;
if (buffer[0] == 0xff || buffer[3] == 0) return 0;
while(j<30 && padded_name[j]==(buffer[j+3] & 0x7f)) j++;
if (j != 30) return 0;
for (j=0; j<35; j++) dir_entry_data[j]=buffer[j];
return 1;
}
int dir_find_space(unsigned char *buffer) {
return (buffer[0] == 0xff || buffer[3] ==0);
}
int dir_print_entry(unsigned char *buffer) {
int j;
if (buffer[0]!=0xff && buffer[3]!=0) {
/* entry is present */
printf(" ");
if (buffer[2] & 0x80) printf("*"); else printf(" ");
switch(buffer[2] & 0x7f) {
case FILETYPE_T : printf("T"); break;
case FILETYPE_I : printf("I"); break;
case FILETYPE_A : printf("A"); break;
case FILETYPE_B : printf("B"); break;
case FILETYPE_S : printf("S"); break;
case FILETYPE_R : printf("R"); break;
case FILETYPE_X : printf("X"); break;
case FILETYPE_Y : printf("Y"); break;
default : printf("?");
}
printf(" %03u ",buffer[33]+buffer[34]*256u);
for (j=3; j<33; j++)
printf("%c",(buffer[j] & 0x7f));
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
int preproc (int procmode) {
/* procmode: 0 - raw, 1 - text, 2 -binary */
static unsigned long bytepos, lengthspec_pos;
static int c;
unsigned int sect_pos;
sect_pos=0;
if (!begun) {
begun = 1;
bytepos = 0;
c=fgetc(from_file);
if (procmode == 2) {
fputc((baseaddress & 0xff),image_fp);
fputc((baseaddress >> 8),image_fp);
/* we don't know the length now, so save the spot in the image */
lengthspec_pos=ftell(image_fp);
fputc(0xff,image_fp);
fputc(0xff,image_fp);
sect_pos = 4;
}
}
while (c != EOF && sect_pos < 256) {
if (procmode == 1) {
if ((c & 0x7f) == '\n') c = '\r';
c |= 0x80;
}
fputc(c,image_fp);
c=fgetc(from_file);
sect_pos++;
bytepos++;
}
while (sect_pos++ < 256) fputc(0,image_fp);
if (c == EOF && procmode == 2) {
/* now we know the length */
fseek(image_fp, lengthspec_pos, SEEK_SET);
fputc((bytepos & 0xff),image_fp);
fputc((bytepos >> 8),image_fp);
}
return (c == EOF);
}
void new_sector(unsigned int *track, unsigned int *sector) {
/* find a free sector, quit if no more */
unsigned int byteoffset, bitmask;
int lasttrack, cur_track, cur_sector, direction;
/* force sane values, in case vtoc contains garbage */
if (vtocbuffer[0x31]==1) direction=1; else direction=-1;
cur_track=lasttrack=vtocbuffer[0x30] % 35u;
cur_sector=15;
for (;;) {
byteoffset=0x39+(cur_track<<2)-(cur_sector>>3&1);
bitmask=(1 <<(cur_sector & 0x07));
if (vtocbuffer[byteoffset] & bitmask) {
vtocbuffer[byteoffset]&=0xff^bitmask;
break;
}
else if (!cur_sector--) {
cur_sector=15;
cur_track+=direction;
if (cur_track >= 35) {
cur_track=17;
direction=-1;
}
else if (cur_track < 0) {
cur_track=18;
direction=1;
}
if (cur_track==lasttrack) quit(3,"Disk Full.\n");
}
}
*track=vtocbuffer[0x30]=cur_track;
*sector=cur_sector;
vtocbuffer[0x31]=direction % 256u;
new_sectors++;
}
void free_sector(int track, int sector) {
vtocbuffer[0x39+(track<<2)-(sector>>3&1)]|=1<<(sector&0x07);
}
void postproc_B (void) {
static unsigned int filelength, bytepos;
unsigned int sect_pos;
sect_pos=0;
if (!begun) {
begun = 1;
bytepos = 0;
fgetc(image_fp); /* Ignore 2 byte base address */
fgetc(image_fp);
filelength= fgetc(image_fp) + (fgetc(image_fp) * 256u);
sect_pos = 4;
}
while (bytepos < filelength && sect_pos < 256) {
fputc(fgetc(image_fp),to_file);
sect_pos++;
bytepos++;
}
}
void postproc_A (void) {
static unsigned int bufstat, tokens_left, lastspot;
static unsigned char lineheader[4];
unsigned int sect_pos, c;
sect_pos=0;
if (!begun) { /* first sector, initialize */
begun = 1;
fgetc(image_fp); /* ignore the length data, we use */
fgetc(image_fp); /* null line pointer as EOF */
sect_pos = 2;
lastspot = 0x0801; /* normal absolute beginning address */
tokens_left = bufstat = 0;
}
while(lastspot && sect_pos < 256) {
if (!tokens_left && !bufstat) bufstat = 4;
while (bufstat > 0 && sect_pos < 256) {
lineheader[4-bufstat]=fgetc(image_fp);
sect_pos++;
bufstat--;
}
if (!tokens_left && !bufstat &&
(lastspot=lineheader[0]+lineheader[1]*256u)) {
tokens_left = 1;
fprintf(to_file,"\n");
fprintf(to_file," %u ",lineheader[2]+lineheader[3]*256u);
}
while (tokens_left && lastspot && sect_pos < 256) {
if ((tokens_left=c=fgetc(image_fp)) & 0x80)
fprintf(to_file,"%s",Applesoft_tokens[(c & 0x7f)]);
else if (c) fprintf(to_file,"%c",c);
sect_pos++;
}
}
if (!lastspot) fprintf(to_file,"\n\n");
}
void postproc_I (void) {
static unsigned int filelength, bytepos;
static unsigned int bufstat, inputmode, quotemode, varmode;
static unsigned char numbuf[3];
unsigned int sect_pos, c;
sect_pos=0;
if (!begun) { /* first sector, initialize */
begun = 1;
filelength = fgetc(image_fp) + (fgetc(image_fp) * 256u);
sect_pos = 2;
bytepos = inputmode = bufstat = quotemode = varmode = 0;
}
/* inputmode: 0 - header, 1 - integer, 2 - tokens */
/* varmode: 1 means we are in the middle of an identifier */
while(bytepos < filelength && sect_pos < 256) {
if (inputmode < 2 && !bufstat) bufstat = 3 - inputmode;
while (bufstat > 0 && bytepos < filelength && sect_pos < 256) {
numbuf[3-bufstat]=fgetc(image_fp);
sect_pos++;
bytepos++;
bufstat--;
}
if (!bufstat && inputmode == 0) {
fprintf(to_file,"\n");
fprintf(to_file,"%5u ",numbuf[1]+(numbuf[2]*256u));
inputmode = 2;
}
if (!bufstat && inputmode == 1) {
fprintf(to_file,"%u",numbuf[1]+(numbuf[2]*256u));
inputmode = 2;
}
while (inputmode == 2 && bytepos < filelength && sect_pos < 256) {
c=fgetc(image_fp);
sect_pos++;
bytepos++;
/* 0x28: open quote, 0x29: close quote, 0x5d: REM token */
if (c == 0x28 || c == 0x5d) quotemode = 1;
if (c == 0x29) quotemode = 0;
/* Look for integer, unless in comment, string, or identifier */
if (!quotemode && !varmode && c >= 0xb0 && c <= 0xb9)
inputmode = 1;
else {
/* Identifiers begin with letter, may contain digit */
varmode = (c >= 0xc1 && c <= 0xda) ||
((c >= 0xb0 && c <= 0xb9) && varmode);
if (c == 0x01) inputmode = quotemode = 0;
else if (c & 0x80) fprintf(to_file,"%c",(c & 0x7f));
else fprintf(to_file,"%s",Integer_tokens[c]);
}
}
}
if (bytepos >= filelength) fprintf(to_file,"\n\n");
}
void postproc_T (void) {
static unsigned int not_eof;
unsigned int sect_pos, c;
sect_pos=0;
if (!begun) begun = not_eof = 1;
while (not_eof && sect_pos < 256 &&
(not_eof=c=fgetc(image_fp))) {
c &= 0x7f;
if (c == '\r') c='\n';
fputc(c,to_file);
sect_pos++;
}
}
void postproc_raw (void) {
unsigned int sect_pos;
for (sect_pos=0; sect_pos < 256; sect_pos++)
fputc(fgetc(image_fp),to_file);
}
void a2ls (void) {
unsigned int trkmap, free_sect, i, j;
free_sect = 0;
/* count the free sectors */
for (i=0x38; i<=0xc0; i+=4) {
trkmap=vtocbuffer[i]*256u + vtocbuffer[i+1];
for (j=0; j<16; j++) free_sect += ((trkmap & (1<<j))!=0);
}
printf("\nDisk Volume %u, Free Blocks: %u\n\n",
vtocbuffer[0x06],free_sect);
dir_do(dir_print_entry);
printf("\n");
}
void a2rm (void) {
unsigned char listbuffer[256];
unsigned int hop, next_trk, next_sec, i;
if (!dir_do(dir_find_name)) quit(4,"File not found.\n");
hop = begun = 0;
next_trk=dir_entry_data[0];
next_sec=dir_entry_data[1];
fseek(image_fp, dir_entry_pos, SEEK_SET);
fputc(0xff,image_fp); /* mark as deleted */
while(++hop < MAX_HOPS && (next_trk || next_sec)) {
read_sect(next_trk, next_sec, listbuffer);
free_sector(next_trk, next_sec);
next_trk=listbuffer[1];
next_sec=listbuffer[2];
for (i=0x0c; i <=0xfe; i+=2)
if (listbuffer[i] || listbuffer[i+1])
free_sector(listbuffer[i],listbuffer[i+1]);
}
if (hop >= MAX_HOPS) quit(5,"Corrupted sector list\n\n");
write_sect(0x11, 0, vtocbuffer);
}
void a2out (void) {
unsigned char listbuffer[256];
unsigned int hop, next_trk, next_sec, i, j;
void (*postproc_function)(void);
if (!dir_do(dir_find_name)) quit(6,"File not found.\n");
hop = begun = 0;
next_trk=dir_entry_data[0];
next_sec=dir_entry_data[1];
filetype=(dir_entry_data[2] & 0x7f);
if (filetype == FILETYPE_T) postproc_function= postproc_T;
else if (filetype == FILETYPE_B) postproc_function= postproc_B;
else if (filetype == FILETYPE_A) postproc_function= postproc_A;
else if (filetype == FILETYPE_I) postproc_function= postproc_I;
else if (!rawmode)
quit(7,"File type supported in raw mode only.\n");
if (rawmode) postproc_function= postproc_raw;
#ifdef DOS
extfilemode="w";
if (rawmode || filetype == FILETYPE_B) {
extfilemode="wb";
if (to_file)
quit(8,"stdout not allowed for binary output.\n");
}
#else
extfilemode="w";
#endif
if (!to_file && !(to_file=fopen(extfilename,extfilemode))) {
perror(extfilename);
quit(9,"");
}
while(++hop < MAX_HOPS && (next_trk || next_sec)) {
read_sect(next_trk, next_sec, listbuffer);
next_trk=listbuffer[1];
next_sec=listbuffer[2];
for (i=0x0c; i <= 0xfe; i+=2)
if (!listbuffer[i] && !listbuffer[i+1]) {
if (filetype != FILETYPE_T || !rawmode) {
next_trk=next_sec=0;
break;
}
else for (j=0; j<256; j++) fputc(0,to_file);
}
else {
++hop;
seek_sect(listbuffer[i],listbuffer[i+1]);
(*postproc_function) ();
}
}
if (hop >= MAX_HOPS) quit(10,"Corrupted sector list\n\n");
fclose(to_file);
}
void a2in (void) {
unsigned char listbuffer[256], databuffer[256];
unsigned int i, curlist_trk, curlist_sec, listentry_pos, list_no;
unsigned int curdata_trk, curdata_sec, procmode;
unsigned int newlist_trk, newlist_sec;
int c;
new_sectors=list_no=procmode=0;
if (!rawmode) {
if (filetype==FILETYPE_T) procmode=1;
else if (filetype==FILETYPE_B) procmode=2;
else quit(11,"This type is supported only in raw mode.\n");
}
#ifdef DOS
extfilemode="r";
if (procmode !=1) {
extfilemode="rb";
if (from_file)
quit(12,"stdin not allowed for binary input.\n");
}
#else
extfilemode="r";
#endif
if (!from_file && !(from_file=fopen(extfilename,extfilemode))) {
perror(extfilename);
quit(13,"");
}
if (dir_do(dir_find_name)) quit(14,"File exists.\n");
if (!dir_do(dir_find_space)) quit(15,"No space in directory.\n");
if (padded_name[0] < 'A')
quit(16,"Bad first filename character, must be >= 'A'.\n");
for (i=0;i<30;i++)
if (padded_name[i]==',')
quit(17,"Filename must not contain a comma.\n");
for (i=0;i<30;i++) dir_entry_data[i+3]=padded_name[i]|0x80;
dir_entry_data[2]=filetype;
new_sector(&curlist_trk,&curlist_sec);
dir_entry_data[0]=curlist_trk;
dir_entry_data[1]=curlist_sec;
for (i=0;i<256;i++) listbuffer[i]=0;
listentry_pos=0;
for (;;) {
if (!rawmode || filetype!=FILETYPE_T) {
new_sector(&curdata_trk,&curdata_sec);
listbuffer[0x0c+(listentry_pos<<1)]=curdata_trk;
listbuffer[0x0d+(listentry_pos<<1)]=curdata_sec;
seek_sect(curdata_trk,curdata_sec);
if (preproc(procmode)) break;
}
else {
/* Check for all-zero sectors for sparse T file */
for (i=0;i<256;i++) databuffer[i]=0;
i=0;
while((c=fgetc(from_file))!=EOF && i<256) databuffer[i++]=c;
while(i && !databuffer[i-1]) i--;
if (!i) {
listbuffer[0x0c+(listentry_pos<<1)]=0;
listbuffer[0x0d+(listentry_pos<<1)]=0;
}
else {
new_sector(&curdata_trk,&curdata_sec);
listbuffer[0x0c+(listentry_pos<<1)]=curdata_trk;
listbuffer[0x0d+(listentry_pos<<1)]=curdata_sec;
write_sect(curdata_trk,curdata_sec,databuffer);
}
if (c == EOF) break;
ungetc(c,from_file);
}
if (++listentry_pos >= 0x7a) {
new_sector(&newlist_trk,&newlist_sec);
listbuffer[1]=newlist_trk;
listbuffer[2]=newlist_sec;
write_sect(curlist_trk,curlist_sec,listbuffer);
curlist_trk=newlist_trk;
curlist_sec=newlist_sec;
for (i=0;i<256;i++) listbuffer[i]=0;
listentry_pos=0;
listbuffer[5]=(++list_no*0x7a) & 0xff;
listbuffer[6]=(list_no*0x7a) >> 8;
}
}
listbuffer[1]=listbuffer[2]=0;
write_sect(curlist_trk,curlist_sec,listbuffer);
write_sect(0x11, 0, vtocbuffer);
dir_entry_data[33]=new_sectors & 0xff;
dir_entry_data[34]=new_sectors >> 8;
fseek(image_fp,dir_entry_pos,SEEK_SET);
/* writing ff first ensures directory is always in a safe state */
fputc(0xff,image_fp);
for (i=1;i<35;i++) fputc(dir_entry_data[i],image_fp);
fseek(image_fp,dir_entry_pos,SEEK_SET);
fputc(dir_entry_data[0],image_fp);
fclose(from_file);
}
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *image_name, *image_mode, *a2_name, *basename, *typestr;
unsigned int i, bad_vtoc;
char *ls_cmd, *in_cmd, *out_cmd, *rm_cmd;
char *ls_hlp, *in_hlp, *out_hlp, *rm_hlp, *general_hlp;
int dos, x, image_rw=0;
void (*command)(void) = NULL;
#ifdef DOS
dos=1;
ls_cmd="dir";
in_cmd="in";
out_cmd="out";
rm_cmd="del";
ls_hlp=in_hlp=out_hlp=rm_hlp=general_hlp=(char *) DOS_HelpText;
#else
dos=0;
general_hlp="Invoke as a2ls, a2in, a2out, or a2rm.\n";
ls_cmd="a2ls";
ls_hlp="Usage: a2ls <disk_image>\n";
in_cmd="a2in";
in_hlp=
"Usage: a2in [-r] <type>[.<hex_addr>] <disk_image> <a2file> [<source>]\n";
out_cmd="a2out";
out_hlp="Usage: a2out [-r] <disk_image> <a2file> [<destination>]\n";
rm_cmd="a2rm";
rm_hlp="Usage: a2rm <disk_image> <a2file>\n";
#endif
baseaddress=0x2000; /* default, hi-res page 1 */
rawmode = begun = 0;
extfilename = a2_name = image_name = "";
#ifdef DOS
basename="";
if (argc >=2) basename=argv[1];
#else
basename=argv[0];
/* strip off any leading directories */
basename+=(i=strlen(basename));
while(i-->0 && *--basename!='/');
if (*basename=='/') basename++;
#endif
if (!strcmp(basename,ls_cmd)) {
if (argc !=2+dos) quit(18,ls_hlp);
else {
image_name=argv[1+dos];
image_rw=0;
command= a2ls;
}
}
else if (!strcmp(basename,out_cmd)) {
if (argc > 1+dos && !strcmp(argv[1+dos],"-r")) rawmode=1;
x=3+dos+rawmode;
if (argc != x && argc != x+1) quit(19,out_hlp);
else {
image_name=argv[x-2];
image_rw=0;
a2_name=argv[x-1];
if (argc-x)
extfilename=argv[x];
else
to_file=stdout;
command= a2out;
}
}
else if (!strcmp(basename,in_cmd)) {
if (argc > 1+dos && !strcmp(argv[1+dos],"-r")) rawmode=1;
x=4+dos+rawmode;
if (argc != x && argc != x+1) quit(20,in_hlp);
else {
typestr=argv[x-3];
image_name=argv[x-2];
image_rw=1;
a2_name=argv[x-1];
if (argc-x)
extfilename=argv[x];
else
from_file=stdin;
switch(typestr[0]|0x20) {
case 't': filetype=FILETYPE_T; break;
case 'i': filetype=FILETYPE_I; break;
case 'a': filetype=FILETYPE_A; break;
case 'b': filetype=FILETYPE_B; break;
case 's': filetype=FILETYPE_S; break;
case 'r': filetype=FILETYPE_R; break;
case 'x': filetype=FILETYPE_X; break;
case 'y': filetype=FILETYPE_Y; break;
default: quit(21,"<type>: one of t,i,a,b,s,r,x,y without -\n");
}
if (typestr[1]=='.') {
if (filetype==FILETYPE_B)
sscanf(&typestr[2],"%x",&baseaddress);
else quit(22,"Base address applicable to type B only.\n");
}
else if (typestr[1]!=0)
quit(23,"The only modifier for <type> is .<hex_addr>\n");
command= a2in;
}
}
else if (!strcmp(basename,rm_cmd)) {
if (argc != 3+dos) quit(24,rm_hlp);
else {
image_name=argv[1+dos];
image_rw=1;
a2_name=argv[2+dos];
command= a2rm;
}
}
else
quit(25,general_hlp);
if (image_rw==1) image_mode="rb+"; else image_mode="rb";
if (!(image_fp=fopen(image_name, image_mode)) || seek_sect(0, 0)) {
perror(image_name);
quit(26,"");
}
/* prepare source filename by padding blanks */
i=0;
while(i<30 && a2_name[i]) padded_name[i]=a2_name[i++] & 0x7f;
while(i<30) padded_name[i++]=' ';
/* get VTOC and check validity */
read_sect(0x11, 0, vtocbuffer);
bad_vtoc=0;
for (i=0; i<VTOC_CHK_NO; i++)
bad_vtoc |= (vtocbuffer[vtoc_chk_offset[i]]!=vtoc_chk_value[i]);
if (bad_vtoc)
quit(27,"Not an Apple DOS 3.3 .dsk image.\n");
(*command)();
fclose(image_fp);
return 0;
}

BIN
a2tools.exe Executable file
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28
install.csh Executable file
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#!/bin/csh
# Modify these five lines as appropriate for your system (if necessary):
set BINDIR = /usr/local/bin
set MANDIR = /usr/local/man
umask 22
chmod 644 a2tools.6
gcc -DUNIX a2tools.c -o a2tools
if ( $? ) exit 1
cp -i a2tools $BINDIR
if ( -e $MANDIR/man6/a2tools.6 ) exit 0
cp a2tools.6 $MANDIR/man6
cd $BINDIR
ln -s a2tools a2ls
ln -s a2tools a2in
ln -s a2tools a2out
ln -s a2tools a2rm
cd $MANDIR/man6
ln -s a2tools.6 a2ls.6
ln -s a2tools.6 a2in.6
ln -s a2tools.6 a2out.6
ln -s a2tools.6 a2rm.6

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manual.dos Normal file
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A2TOOLS Manual for MS-DOS
NAME
A2TOOLS.EXE - tools to move data to and from Apple DOS
3.3 disk images (Tip: To reduce typing on the command line
it is better to shorten the program name to something like
A2.EXE.)
SYNOPSIS
a2 dir disk_image
a2 out [-r] disk_image a2_file [target_file]
a2 in [-r] filetype disk_image a2_file [source_file]
a2 del filename
DESCRIPTION
a2tools is a set of commands that facilitates the transfer
of data between DOS and the Apple II environment via disk
images (.dsk files). It is intended for use mainly with
Apple II emulators.
Features
- Works with DOS 3.3-order .dsk disk images.
- Expands tokenized Integer and Applesoft BASIC pro-
grams.
- Knows about sparse files.
"dir" shows the directory contents of the specified image,
including the disk volume and number of free sectors.
"out" writes the file contained in the image to the target
file if specified, or to the standard output otherwise.
If the target file exists, it is overwritten. Unless the
-r option is given, the data will be processed according
to the file type as follows:
Text: Output all data from the beginning of the file up
to the first zero byte. The high bit is cleared
and linefeeds are substituted for carriage returns.
BASIC (Integer and Applesoft):
Expand (detokenize) the program and output it as
readable ASCII.
Binary:
Ignore the first two file bytes (base address), and
use the next two bytes (length) to produce a binary
file of the exact original size in bytes.
Other types:
Not accepted unless in raw mode (see below).
If the -r (raw mode) option is given, no postprocessing of
file data is done. For files of type other than T (text),
the first 0/0 pair in the track/ sector list is assumed to
mark the end of file. However, type T files may be
sparse, with 0/0 pairs marking unwritten segments. Hence,
this mode will always output type T files in multiples of
31232 bytes, and others in multiples of 256 bytes.
"in" writes to a new file in the image the source file if
specified, or the standard input otherwise. The file must
not already exist. The filetype argument must consist of
a single letter denoting the type of the new file. Valid
values are:
T,t - text
I,i - Integer BASIC
A,a - Applesoft BASIC
B,b[.addr] - binary (optional base address in hex)
R,r - relocatable binary
S,s - type S (obscure)
X,x - "new A" (obscure)
Y,y - "new B" (obscure)
Unless the -r (raw mode) option is given, only types T and
B are acceptable to a2in. Input processing is as follows:
Text: Set the high bit and substitute carriage returns
for linefeeds.
Binary:
Set the base address to that given in the filetype
argument, or to the default of 0x2000. Set the
file length to the exact length of the standard
input stream. Since the length field is only two
bytes wide, file lengths of 64K or more are ille-
gal.
In raw mode, the standard input is written directly to the
file. Zeroes are used to pad any partial last sectors.
If the new file is type T, blocks containing all zeroes
are denoted by a 0/0 entry in the track/sector list
instead of being allocated a sector. That is, sparse
files will be created.
MS-DOS NOTES
Apple DOS 3.3 file names may contain spaces, which are
separators for command-line arguments in DOS. To prevent
this interpretation, enclose the entire name in "double
quotes". A double quote itself may be included by pre-
ceding it with a backslash.
Standard input and output cannot be used to transfer
binary data in DOS, in which case a source or destination
filename is required.
EXAMPLES
Send a readable copy of the BASIC program "PLOT FUNCTION"
on the disk image "basic.dsk" to the printer:
C> a2 out basic.dsk "PLOT FUNCTION" prn
Import the binary file "pics\airplane" into the disk image
"pics.dsk". Assign it a name of "AIRPLANE" and a base
address of 0x4000 (second hi- res graphics page):
C> a2 in b.4000 pics.dsk AIRPLANE pics\airplane
BUGS
- Works with 143360-byte DOS 3.3-order images only.
- Does not tokenize plain-text BASIC source files,
although this is easily accomplished using the DOS
3.3 EXEC command on such a file.
- Doesn't handle multiple files, although it can eas-
ily be wrapped in shell scripts to enhance conve-
nience.
AUTHOR
Terry Kyriacopoulos <terryk@echo-on.net>
7 April 2001