diff --git a/Bitmap.cpp b/Bitmap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3605d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bitmap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include "Bitmap.h"
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "auto.h"
+
+
+// returns # of 1-bits set (0-8)
+inline static unsigned popCount(uint8_t x)
+{
+    #ifdef __GNUC__
+    return __builtin_popcount(x);
+    #endif
+    
+    // Brian Kernighan / Peter Wegner in CACM 3 (1960), 322.
+    
+    unsigned count;
+    for (count = 0; x; ++count)
+    {
+        x &= x - 1;
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+
+
+Bitmap::Bitmap(unsigned blocks)
+{
+    _blocks = _freeBlocks = blocks;
+    
+    _bitmapBlocks = (blocks + 4095) / 4096;
+    _freeIndex = 0;
+    
+    unsigned bitmapSize = _bitmapBlocks * 512;
+    unsigned blockSize = blocks / 8;
+    
+    auto_array bitmap(new uint8_t[bitmapSize]);
+
+    // mark overflow in use, everything else free.
+
+    std::memset(bitmap, 0xff, blocks / 8);
+    std::memset(bitmap + blockSize, 0x00, bitmapSize - blockSize);
+    
+    // edge case
+    unsigned tmp = blocks & 0x07;
+    
+    bitmap[blocks / 8] = ~(0xff >> tmp);
+    
+    _bitmap = bitmap.release();
+    
+    
+}
+
+Bitmap::Bitmap(BlockDevice *device, unsigned keyPointer, unsigned blocks)
+{
+    _blocks = blocks;
+    _freeBlocks = 0;
+    _freeIndex = 0;
+    
+    _bitmapBlocks = (blocks + 4095) / 4096;
+
+    unsigned bitmapSize = _bitmapBlocks * 512;
+    unsigned blockSize = blocks / 8;
+    
+    auto_array bitmap(new uint8_t[bitmapSize]);
+
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < blockSize; ++i)
+    {
+        device->readBlock(keyPointer + i, bitmap + 512 * i);
+    }
+    
+    // make sure all trailing bits are marked in use.
+
+    // edge case
+    unsigned tmp = blocks & 0x07;
+    
+    bitmap[blocks / 8] &= ~(0xff >> tmp);
+
+    std::memset(bitmap + blockSize, 0x00, bitmapSize - blockSize);
+
+    // set _freeBlocks and _freeIndex;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < (blocks + 7) / 8; ++i)
+    {
+        _freeBlocks += popCount(bitmap[i]);
+    } 
+    
+    if (_freeblocks)
+    {
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < (blocks + 7) / 8; ++i)
+        {
+            if (tmp[i])
+            {
+                _freeIndex = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    _bitmap = bitmap.release();
+}
+
+Bitmap::~Bitmap()
+{
+    if (_bitmap) delete []_bitmap;
+}
+
+
+void Bitmap::freeBlock(unsigned block)
+{
+    if (block >= _blocks) return;
+    
+    unsigned index = block / 8;
+    unsigned offset = block & 0x07;
+    unsigned mask = 0x80 >> offset;
+    
+    uint8_t tmp = _bitmap[index];
+    
+    if ((tmp & mask) == 0)
+    {
+        ++_freeBlocks;
+        _bitmap[index] = tmp | mask;
+    }
+}
+
+
+int Bitmap::allocBlock(unsigned block)
+{
+    if (block >= _blocks) return -1;
+    
+    
+    unsigned index = block / 8;
+    unsigned offset = block & 0x07;
+    unsigned mask = 0x80 >> offset;
+    
+    uint8_t tmp = _bitmap[index];
+    
+    if ((tmp & mask))
+    {
+        --_freeBlocks;
+        _bitmap[index] = tmp & ~mask;
+        return block;
+    }
+    
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+int Bitmap::allocBlock()
+{
+    if (!_freeBlocks) return -1;
+    
+    unsigned firstIndex = _firstIndex;
+    unsigned maxIndex = (_blocks + 7) / 8;
+
+
+    for (unsigned index = _firstIndex; index < maxIndex; ++index)
+    {
+        uint8_t tmp = _bitmap[index];
+        if (!tmp) continue;
+        
+        unsigned mask = 0x80;
+        for (unsigned offset = 0; offset < 8; ++offset)
+        {
+            if (tmp & mask)
+            {
+                _firstIndex = index;
+                _bitmap[index] = tmp & ~mask;
+                --_freeBlocks;
+                return index * 8 + offset;
+            }
+            mask = mask >> 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned index = 0; index < _firstIndex; ++index)
+    {
+        uint8_t tmp = _bitmap[index];
+        if (!tmp) continue;
+        
+        unsigned mask = 0x80;
+        for (unsigned offset = 0; offset < 8; ++offset)
+        {
+            if (tmp & mask)
+            {
+                _firstIndex = index;
+                _bitmap[index] = tmp & ~mask;
+                --_freeBlocks;
+                return index * 8 + offset;
+            }
+            mask = mask >> 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    // should never happen...
+    return -1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Bitmap.h b/Bitmap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4dcf40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Bitmap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef __BITMAP_H__
+#define __BITMAP_H__
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+class BlockDevice;
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class Bitmap {
+public:
+
+    Bitmap(unsigned blocks);
+    Bitmap(BlockDevice *device, int keyPointer, int blocks);
+    //todo -- constructor by loading fro, block device...
+    ~Bitmap();
+    
+    int allocBlock();
+    int allocBlock(unsigned block);
+    
+    void freeBlock(unsigned block);
+    
+    
+    unsigned freeBlocks() const { return _freeBlocks; }
+    unsigned blocks() const { return _blocks; }
+    unsigned bitmapBlocks() const { return _bitmapBlocks; }
+    unsigned bitmapSize() const { return _bitmapBlocks * 512; }
+    const void *bitmap() const { return _bitmap; }
+
+private:
+
+    unsigned _freeIndex;
+    unsigned _freeBlocks;
+    
+    unsigned _blocks;
+    unsigned _bitmapBlocks;
+    
+    uint8_t *_bitmap;
+};
+
+
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/BlockDevice.cpp b/BlockDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feeae82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/BlockDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#include "BlockDevice.h"
+#include "Exception.h"
+#include "MappedFile.h"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+
+
+BlockDevice::~BlockDevice()
+{
+}
+
+
+#pragma mark DiskImage
+
+DiskImage::DiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    _file(NULL)
+{
+    _file = new MappedFile(name, readOnly);
+}
+
+DiskImage::DiskImage(MappedFile *file) :
+    _file(file)
+{
+}
+
+DiskImage::~DiskImage()
+{ 
+    delete _file;
+}
+
+bool DiskImage::readOnly()
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "DiskImage::readOnly"
+    
+    if (_file) return _file->readOnly();
+    
+    throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set."); 
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+void DiskImage::read(unsigned block, void *bp)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "DiskImage::read"
+    
+    
+    if (_file) return _file->readBlock(block, bp);
+    
+    throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set."); 
+}
+
+void DiskImage::write(unsigned block, const void *bp)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "DiskImage::write"
+    
+    if (_file) return _file->writeBlock(block, bp);
+    
+    throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set."); 
+}
+
+
+
+void DiskImage::sync()
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "DiskImage::sync"
+    
+    if (_file) return _file->sync();
+    
+    throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set."); 
+}
+
+
+
+ProDOSOrderDiskImage::ProDOSOrderDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    DiskImage(name, readOnly)
+{
+    Validate(file());
+}
+
+ProDOSOrderDiskImage::ProDOSOrderDiskImage(MappedFile *file) :
+    DiskImage(file)
+{
+}
+
+ProDOSOrderDiskImage *ProDOSOrderDiskImage::Create(const char *name, size_t blocks)
+{
+    MappedFile *file = new MappedFile(name, blocks * 512);
+    return new ProDOSOrderDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+ProDOSOrderDiskImage *ProDOSOrderDiskImage::Open(MappedFile *file)
+{
+    Validate(file);
+    return new ProDOSOrderDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+void ProDOSOrderDiskImage::Validate(MappedFile *f)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "ProDOSOrderDiskImage::Validate"
+    
+    if (!f) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set.");
+    
+    size_t size = f->fileSize();
+    
+    if (size % 512)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid file format.");
+    
+    f->reset();
+    f->setBlocks(size / 512);
+}
+
+DOSOrderDiskImage::DOSOrderDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    DiskImage(name, readOnly)
+{    
+    Validate(file());
+}
+
+DOSOrderDiskImage::DOSOrderDiskImage(MappedFile *file) :
+    DiskImage(file)
+{
+}
+
+DOSOrderDiskImage *DOSOrderDiskImage::Create(const char *name, size_t blocks)
+{
+    MappedFile *file = new MappedFile(name, blocks * 512);
+    file->setDosOrder(true);
+    return new DOSOrderDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+DOSOrderDiskImage *DOSOrderDiskImage::Open(MappedFile *file)
+{
+    Validate(file);
+    return new DOSOrderDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+void DOSOrderDiskImage::Validate(MappedFile *f)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "DOSOrderDiskImage::Validate"
+
+    if (!f) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File not set.");
+    
+    size_t size = f->fileSize();
+    
+    if (size % 512)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid file format.");
+    
+    f->reset();
+    f->setDosOrder(true);
+    f->setBlocks(size / 512);
+}
diff --git a/BlockDevice.h b/BlockDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e024161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/BlockDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#ifndef __BLOCKDEVICE_H__
+#define __BLOCKDEVICE_H__
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "Exception.h"
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class MappedFile;
+
+class BlockDevice {
+public:
+    virtual ~BlockDevice();
+    
+    virtual void read(unsigned block, void *bp) = 0;
+    virtual void write(unsigned block, const void *bp) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool readOnly() = 0;
+    virtual void sync() = 0;
+};
+
+
+
+class DiskImage : public BlockDevice {
+public:
+
+    virtual ~DiskImage();
+        
+    virtual void read(unsigned block, void *bp);
+    virtual void write(unsigned block, const void *bp);
+    virtual void sync();
+    
+    virtual bool readOnly();
+    
+    
+protected:
+
+    DiskImage(MappedFile * = NULL);
+    DiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly);
+
+    MappedFile *file() { return _file; }
+    void setFile(MappedFile *);
+    
+private:
+    MappedFile *_file;
+};
+
+
+class ProDOSOrderDiskImage : public DiskImage {
+public:
+
+    ProDOSOrderDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly);
+    
+    static ProDOSOrderDiskImage *Create(const char *name, size_t blocks);
+    static ProDOSOrderDiskImage *Open(MappedFile *);
+    
+private:
+    ProDOSOrderDiskImage(MappedFile *);
+    static void Validate(MappedFile *);
+};
+
+class DOSOrderDiskImage : public DiskImage {
+public:
+    
+    DOSOrderDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly);
+
+    static DOSOrderDiskImage *Create(const char *name, size_t blocks);
+    static DOSOrderDiskImage *Open(MappedFile *);
+
+private:
+    DOSOrderDiskImage(MappedFile *);
+    static void Validate(MappedFile *);
+};
+
+
+
+
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Buffer.cpp b/Buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e855ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+#include "Buffer.h"
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+void Buffer::push16be(uint16_t x)
+{
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 8) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back(x & 0xff);
+}
+
+void Buffer::push16le(uint16_t x)
+{
+    _buffer.push_back(x & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 8) & 0xff);
+}
+
+void Buffer::push32be(uint32_t x)
+{
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 24) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 16) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 8) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back(x & 0xff);
+}
+
+void Buffer::push32le(uint32_t x)
+{
+    _buffer.push_back(x & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 8) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 16) & 0xff);
+    _buffer.push_back((x >> 24) & 0xff);
+}
+
+void Buffer::pushBytes(const void *data, unsigned size)
+{
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+    {
+        _buffer.push_back( ((uint8_t *)data)[i] );
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Buffer.h b/Buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a0ebf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef __BUFFER_H__
+#define __BUFFER_H__
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+class Buffer {
+
+public:
+    Buffer() {}
+    Buffer(unsigned size)  { _buffer.reserve(size); }
+
+    void *buffer() const { return (void *)&_buffer[0]; }
+    unsigned size() const { return _buffer.size(); }
+    void resize(unsigned size) { _buffer.resize(size); }
+    
+    void push8(uint8_t x) { _buffer.push_back(x); }
+    
+    void push16be(uint16_t);
+    void push16le(uint16_t);
+    
+    void push32be(uint32_t);
+    void push32le(uint32_t);
+    
+    void pushBytes(const void *data, unsigned size);
+
+
+private:
+    std::vector<uint8_t> _buffer;
+};
+
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/DavexDiskImage.cpp b/DavexDiskImage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac8818b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DavexDiskImage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "DavexDiskImage.h"
+#include "MappedFile.h"
+#include "Buffer.h"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+/*
+ http://www.umich.edu/~archive/apple2/technotes/ftn/FTN.E0.8004
+ */
+
+static const char *IdentityCheck = "\x60VSTORE [Davex]\x00";
+
+DavexDiskImage::DavexDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    DiskImage(name, readOnly)
+{
+    Validate(file());
+}
+
+// private, validation already performed.
+DavexDiskImage::DavexDiskImage(MappedFile *f) :
+    DiskImage(f)
+{
+}
+
+
+DavexDiskImage::~DavexDiskImage()
+{
+    // scan and update usedBlocks?
+}
+
+void DavexDiskImage::Validate(MappedFile *f)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "DavexDiskImage::Validate"
+
+    size_t size = f->fileSize();
+    void * data = f->fileData();
+    bool ok = false;
+    unsigned blocks = (size / 512) - 1;
+    
+    do  {
+        if (size < 512) break;
+        if (size % 512) break;
+    
+        // identity.
+        if (std::memcmp(data, IdentityCheck, 16))
+            break;
+        
+        // file format.
+        if (f->read8(16) != 0)
+            break;
+        
+        // total blocks
+        if (f->read32(33, LittleEndian) != blocks)
+            break;
+        
+        // file number -- must be 1
+        if (f->read8(64) != 1)
+            break;
+                    
+        ok = true;
+    } while (false);
+    
+    
+    if (!ok)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid file format.");
+    
+    f->setBlocks(blocks);
+    f->setOffset(512);
+    f->setDosOrder(false);
+}
+
+DavexDiskImage *DavexDiskImage::Open(MappedFile *file)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "DavexDiskImage::Open"
+    Validate(file);
+    
+    return new DavexDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+DavexDiskImage *DavexDiskImage::Create(const char *name, size_t blocks)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "DavexDiskImage::Create"
+
+    uint8_t *data;
+    
+    MappedFile *file = new MappedFile(name, blocks * 512 + 512);
+    
+    data = (uint8_t *)file->fileData();
+
+    Buffer header(512);
+    
+    header.pushBytes(IdentityCheck, 16);
+    // file Format
+    header.push8(0);
+    //version
+    header.push8(0);
+    // version
+    header.push8(0x10);
+    
+    // reserved.
+    header.resize(32);
+    
+    //deviceNum
+    header.push8(1);
+    
+    // total blocks
+    header.push32le(blocks);
+
+    // unused blocks
+    header.push32le(0);
+    
+    // volume Name
+    header.pushBytes("\x08Untitled", 9);
+    
+    // name + reserved.
+    header.resize(64);
+        
+    // file number
+    header.push8(1);
+    
+    //starting block
+    header.push32le(0);
+    
+    // reserved
+    header.resize(512);
+    
+    
+    std::memcpy(file->fileData(), header.buffer(), 512);
+    file->sync();
+    
+    file->setOffset(512);
+    file->setBlocks(blocks);    
+    return new DavexDiskImage(file);
+}
diff --git a/DavexDiskImage.h b/DavexDiskImage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0541428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DavexDiskImage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+
+
+#include "BlockDevice.h"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+// only supports 1 file; may be split over multiple files.
+
+class DavexDiskImage : public DiskImage {
+public:
+    
+    DavexDiskImage(const char *, bool readOnly);
+    virtual ~DavexDiskImage();
+    
+    static DavexDiskImage *Create(const char *name, size_t blocks);
+    static DavexDiskImage *Open(MappedFile *);
+
+
+private:
+
+    DavexDiskImage(MappedFile *);
+    static void Validate(MappedFile *);
+
+    bool _changed;
+    std::string _volumeName;    
+};
+
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Directory.cpp b/Directory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83d7058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Directory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "Directory"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "Exception.h"
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+static bool isalpha(unsigned c)
+{
+    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+        || (c >= 'a' && x <= 'z') ;
+}
+
+static bool isalnumdot(unsigned c)
+{
+    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+        || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+        || (c >= '0' && c <='9')
+        || (c == '.') ;
+
+}
+
+static uint16_t read16(uint8_t *data, unsigned offset)
+{
+    return data[offset + 0] 
+        | (data[offset + 1] << 8) ;
+}
+
+static uint32_t read24(uint8_t *data, unsigned offset)
+{
+    return data[offset + 0] 
+        | (data[offset + 1] << 8)
+        | (data[offset + 2] << 16) ;
+}
+
+
+static uint32_t read32(uint8_t *data, unsigned offset)
+{
+    return data[offset + 0] 
+        | (data[offset + 1] << 8)
+        | (data[offset + 2] << 16) ;
+        | (data[offset + 3] << 24) ;
+}
+
+unsigned ValidName(const char *name)
+{
+    unsigned length;
+    
+    if (!name) return 0;
+    
+    if (!isalpha(*name)) return 0;
+    length = 1;
+    
+    for (length = 1; length < 17; ++length)
+    {
+        if (!isalnumdot(name[length])) return 0;
+    }
+    
+    if (length > 15) return 0;
+    return length;
+}
+
+Directory::Directory(unsigned type, const char *name)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "Directory::Directory"
+
+    _nameLength = ValidName(name);
+    
+    if (!_length)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid name.");
+    
+    _storageType = type;
+    std::strncpy(_name, name, 16);
+    
+    _access = 0xc3;
+    _entryLength = 0x27;
+    _entriesPerBlock = 13;
+    _fileCount = 0;
+    
+    _device = NULL;
+}
+
+Directory::Directory(const void *bp) :
+    _creation(0, 0)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "Directory::Directory"
+
+    const uint8_t *data = (const uint8_t *)bp; 
+
+    _storageType = data[0x00] >> 4;
+    _nameLength = data[0x00] & 0x0f;
+    std::memcpy(_name, data + 1, _nameLength);
+    _name[_nameLength] = 0;
+    _creation = DateTime(read16(data, 0x1c), read16(data, 0x1e));
+    
+    _access = data[0x22];
+    _entryLength = data[0x23];
+    _entriesPerBlock = data[0x24];
+    
+    _fileCount = read16(data, 0x25);
+    
+    // parse child file entries.
+}
+
+Directory::~Directory()
+{
+}
+
+Directory::setAccess(unsigned access)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "Directory::setAccess"
+
+    if ((access & 0xe3) != access)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Illegal access.");
+    _access = access;
+    
+    // todo -- mark dirty? update block?
+}
+
+Directory::setName(const char *name)
+{
+    unsigned length = ValidName(name);
+    if (!length)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid name.");
+    _nameLength = length;
+    std::strncpy(_name, name, 16);
+
+    // todo -- update or mark dirty.
+}
diff --git a/Directory.h b/Directory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fe229c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Directory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#ifndef __DIRECTORY_H__
+#define __DIRECTORY_H__
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "DateTime.h"
+
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class BlockDevice;
+class Bitmap;
+class FileEntry;
+class Volume;
+
+
+enum {
+    DestroyEnabled = 0x80,
+    RenameEnabled = 0x40,
+    BackupNeeded = 0x20,
+    WriteEnabled = 0x02,
+    ReadEnabled = 0x01
+};
+
+
+class Entry {
+public:
+    virtual ~Entry();
+
+
+
+    unsigned storageType() const { return _storageType; }
+    
+    unsigned nameLength() const { return _nameLength; }
+    const char *name() const { return _name; }
+    void setName(const char *name);
+    
+    
+    
+    // returns strlen() on success, 0 on failure.
+    static unsigned ValidName(const char *);
+
+protected:
+    Entry(int storageType, const char *name);
+    
+private:
+
+    unsigned _address; // absolute address on disk.
+    Volume *_volume;
+
+    unsigned _storageType;
+    unsigned _nameLength;
+    char _name[15+1];
+
+};
+
+class Directory public Entry {
+public:
+    virtual ~Directory();
+    
+
+    DateTime creation() const { return _creation; }
+    
+    unsigned access() const { return _access; }
+    unsigned entryLength() const { return _entryLength; }
+    unsigned entriesPerBlock() const { return _entriesPerBlock; }
+    
+    unsigned fileCount() const { return _fileCount; }
+    
+    void setAccess(unsigned access);
+    
+    
+protected:
+    Directory(unsigned type, const char *name);
+    Directory(BlockDevice *, unsigned block);
+
+    std::vector<FileEntry *> _children;
+    std::vector<unsigned> _entryBlocks;
+    
+    BlockDevice *_device;
+        
+    
+private:
+
+    DateTime _creation;
+    // version
+    // min version
+    unsigned _access;
+    usnigned _entryLength;      // always 0x27
+    unsigned _entriesPerBlock;  //always 0x0d
+
+    unsigned _fileCount;
+};
+
+
+
+class VolumeDirectory: public Directory {
+public:
+
+    virtual ~VolumeDirectory();
+
+    unsigned bitmapPointer() const { return _bitmapPointer; }
+    unsigned totalBlocks() const { return _totalBlocks; }
+    
+    // bitmap stuff...
+    int allocBlock();
+    void freeBlock(unsigned block);
+
+private:
+    Bitmap *_bitmap;
+    
+    unsigned _totalBlocks;
+    unsigned _bitmapPointer;
+
+    // inode / free inode list?
+
+};
+
+
+class SubDirectory : public Directory {
+public:
+
+private:
+    unsigned _parentPointer;
+    unsigned _parentEntryNumber;
+    unsigned _parentEntryLength;
+};
+
+
+class FileEntry : public Entry {
+public:
+
+
+private:
+    unsigned _fileType;
+    unsigned _keyPointer;
+    unsigned _blocksUsed;
+    unsigned _eof;
+    DateTime _creation;
+    //version
+    //min version
+    unsigned _access;
+    unsigned _auxType;
+    DateTime _modification;
+    unsigned _headerPointer;
+    
+};
+
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/DiskCopy42Image.cpp b/DiskCopy42Image.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10f1d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DiskCopy42Image.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include "DiskCopy42Image.h"
+#include "MappedFile.h"
+#include "Buffer.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+DiskCopy42Image::DiskCopy42Image(MappedFile *f) :
+    DiskImage(f),
+    _changed(false)
+{
+}
+
+DiskCopy42Image::DiskCopy42Image(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    DiskImage(name, readOnly),
+    _changed(false)
+{
+    Validate(file());
+}
+
+DiskCopy42Image::~DiskCopy42Image()
+{
+    if (_changed)
+    {
+        MappedFile *f = file();
+        if (f)
+        {
+            uint32_t cs = Checksum(f->offset() + (uint8_t *)f->fileData(), 
+                f->blocks() * 512);
+                
+            f->write32(72, cs, BigEndian);
+            f->sync();
+        }
+        // TODO -- checksum
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t DiskCopy42Image::Checksum(void *data, size_t size)
+{
+    uint32_t rv = 0;
+    uint8_t *dp = (uint8_t *)data;   
+ 
+    if (size & 0x01) return rv;
+    
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 2)
+    {
+        rv += dp[i] << 8;
+        rv += dp[i+1];
+        
+        rv = (rv >> 1) + (rv << 31);
+    }
+    
+    return rv;
+}
+
+DiskCopy42Image *DiskCopy42Image::Open(MappedFile *f)
+{
+    Validate(f);
+    return new DiskCopy42Image(f);
+}
+
+static uint8_t DiskFormat(size_t blocks)
+{
+    switch (blocks)
+    {
+    case 800: return 0;
+    case 1600: return 1;
+    case 1440: return 2;
+    case 2880: return 3;
+    default: return 0xff;
+    }
+}
+
+static uint8_t FormatByte(size_t blocks)
+{
+    switch(blocks)
+    {
+    case 800: return 0x12;
+    default: return 0x22;
+    }
+}
+DiskCopy42Image *DiskCopy42Image::Create(const char *name, size_t blocks)
+{
+    MappedFile *file = new MappedFile(name, blocks * 512 + 84);
+    file->setOffset(84);
+    file->setBlocks(blocks);
+    
+    Buffer header(84);
+    
+    // name -- 64byte pstring. 
+    header.pushBytes("\x08Untitled", 9);
+    header.resize(64);
+    
+    // data size -- number of bytes
+    header.push32be(blocks * 512);
+    
+    // tag size
+    header.push32be(0);
+    
+    // data checksum
+    // if data is 0, will be 0.
+    //header.push32be(Checksum(file->fileData(), blocks * 512));
+    header.push32be(0);
+    
+    // tag checksum
+    header.push32be(0);
+    
+    // disk format.
+    /*
+     * 0 = 400k
+     * 1 = 800k
+     * 2 = 720k
+     * 3 = 1440k
+     * 0xff = other
+     */
+    header.push8(DiskFormat(blocks));
+    
+    // formatbyte
+    /*
+     * 0x12 = 400k
+     * 0x22 = >400k mac
+     * 0x24 = 800k appleII
+     */
+    header.push8(FormatByte(blocks));
+    
+    // private
+    header.push16be(0x100);
+    
+    std::memcpy(file->fileData(), header.buffer(), 84);
+    file->sync();
+    
+    return new DiskCopy42Image(file);
+}
+
+void DiskCopy42Image::Validate(MappedFile *file)
+{
+    size_t bytes = 0;
+    size_t size = file->fileSize();
+    bool ok = false;
+    uint32_t checksum;
+    
+    do {
+        if (size < 84) break;
+        
+        // name must be < 64
+        if (file->read8(0) > 63) break;
+        
+        if (file->read32(82, BigEndian) != 0x100)
+            break;
+        
+        // bytes, not blocks.
+        bytes = file->read32(64, BigEndian);
+        
+        if (bytes % 512) break;
+        
+        if (size < 84 + bytes) break;
+        
+        // todo -- checksum.
+        checksum = file->read32(72, BigEndian);
+        
+        ok = true;
+    } while (false);
+    
+    
+    uint32_t cs = Checksum(64 + (uint8_t *)file->fileData(), bytes);
+    
+    if (cs != checksum)
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Warning: checksum invalid.\n");
+    }
+    file->reset();
+    file->setOffset(64);
+    file->setBlocks(bytes / 512);
+}
+
+void DiskCopy42Image::write(unsigned block, const void *bp)
+{
+    DiskImage::write(block, bp);
+    _changed = true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/DiskCopy42Image.h b/DiskCopy42Image.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..689deca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/DiskCopy42Image.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef __DISKCOPY42IMAGE_H__
+#define __DISKCOPY42IMAGE_H__
+
+#include "BlockDevice.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class DiskCopy42Image : public DiskImage {
+public:
+    DiskCopy42Image(const char *name, bool readOnly);
+    virtual ~DiskCopy42Image();
+
+    static DiskCopy42Image *Create(const char *name, size_t blocks);
+    static DiskCopy42Image *Open(MappedFile *);
+
+    static uint32_t Checksum(void *data, size_t size);
+
+    virtual void write(unsigned block, const void *bp);
+    
+     
+private:
+
+    DiskCopy42Image(MappedFile *);
+    static void Validate(MappedFile *);
+    bool _changed;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Exception.cpp b/Exception.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0cbee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Exception.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+
+#include "Exception.h"
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+Exception::~Exception() throw()
+{
+}
+
+const char *Exception::what()
+{
+    return _string.c_str();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Exception.h b/Exception.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf9ffb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Exception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#ifndef __EXCEPTION_H__
+#define __EXCEPTION_H__
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class Exception : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+    Exception(const char *cp);
+    Exception(const std::string &str);
+    Exception(const char *cp, int error);
+    Exception(const std::string& string, int error);
+    
+    virtual ~Exception() throw ();
+    
+    virtual const char *what();
+    
+    int error() const;
+private:
+    int _error;
+    std::string _string;
+
+};
+
+inline Exception::Exception(const char *cp):
+    _error(0),
+    _string(cp)
+{
+}
+
+inline Exception::Exception(const std::string& string):
+    _error(0),
+    _string(string)
+{
+}
+
+inline Exception::Exception(const char *cp, int error):
+    _error(error),
+    _string(cp)
+{
+}
+
+inline Exception::Exception(const std::string& string, int error):
+    _error(error),
+    _string(string)
+{
+}
+
+inline int Exception::error() const
+{
+    return _error;
+}
+
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lock.cpp b/Lock.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddd9fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lock.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "Lock.h"
+
+Lock::Lock()
+{
+    pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, NULL);
+}
+
+Lock::~Lock()
+{
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);
+}
+
+void Lock::lock()
+{
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex);
+}
+
+void Lock::unlock()
+{
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex);
+}
+
+bool Lock::tryLock()
+{
+    return pthread_mutex_trylock(&_mutex) == 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Lock.h b/Lock.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbb3bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef __LOCK_H__
+#define __LOCK_H__
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+class Lock {
+public:
+    Lock();
+    ~Lock();
+    
+    void lock();
+    void unlock();
+    
+    bool tryLock();
+    
+private:
+    pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
+};
+
+class Locker {
+public:
+    Locker(Lock& lock) : _lock(lock) { _lock.lock(); }
+    ~Locker() { _lock.unlock(); }
+private:
+    Lock &_lock;
+};
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/MappedFile.cpp b/MappedFile.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa3b198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MappedFile.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+#include "MappedFile.h"
+#include "Exception.h"
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include "auto.h"
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+
+
+MappedFile::MappedFile(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    _fd(-1),
+    _map(MAP_FAILED)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::MappedFile"
+    
+    auto_fd fd(::open(name, readOnly ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR));
+    
+    if (fd < 0)
+    {
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to open file.", errno);
+    }
+    //
+    init(fd.release(), readOnly);
+}
+
+MappedFile::MappedFile(int fd, bool readOnly) :
+    _fd(-1),
+    _map(MAP_FAILED)
+{
+    init(fd, readOnly);
+}
+
+// todo -- verify throw calls destructor.
+MappedFile::MappedFile(const char *name, size_t size) :
+    _fd(-1),
+    _map(MAP_FAILED)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::MappedFile"
+    
+    _size = size;
+    _readOnly = false;
+    auto_fd fd(::open(name, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_RDWR, 0644));
+    
+    if (fd < 0)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to create file.", errno);
+    
+    // TODO -- is ftruncate portable?
+    if (::ftruncate(fd, _size) < 0)
+    {
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to truncate file.", errno);    
+    }
+    
+    //_map = ::mmap(NULL, _size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_FILE | MAP_SHARED, _fd, 0);
+    
+    auto_map map(
+        fd, 
+        _size, 
+        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, 
+        MAP_FILE | MAP_SHARED
+    );
+    
+    if (map == MAP_FAILED) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to map file.", errno);
+
+    _fd = fd.release();
+    _map = map.release();
+}
+
+MappedFile::~MappedFile()
+{
+    if (_map != MAP_FAILED) ::munmap(_map, _size);
+    if (_fd >= 0) ::close(_fd);
+}
+
+void MappedFile::init(int f, bool readOnly)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::init"
+    
+    auto_fd fd(f);
+    
+    _offset = 0;
+    _blocks = 0;
+    _size = 0;
+    _readOnly = readOnly;
+    _dosOrder = false;
+    
+    _size = ::lseek(_fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    
+    if (_size < 0)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to determine file size.", errno);
+        
+/*
+    _map = ::mmap(NULL, _size, readOnly ? PROT_READ : PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, 
+        MAP_FILE | MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+*/
+    auto_map map(
+        fd, 
+        _size,
+        readOnly ?  PROT_READ  : PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, 
+        readOnly ? MAP_FILE : MAP_FILE |  MAP_SHARED
+    );
+  
+    if (map == MAP_FAILED) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Unable to map file.", errno);
+    
+    _fd = fd.release();
+    _map = map.release();
+}
+
+
+const unsigned MappedFile::DOSMap[] = {
+    0x00, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c, 
+    0x0b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x08, 
+    0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 
+    0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0f
+};
+
+
+void MappedFile::readBlock(unsigned block, void *bp)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::readBlock"
+    
+   
+    if (block >= _blocks) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid block number.");
+    if (bp == 0) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid address."); 
+    
+    
+    if (_dosOrder)
+    {
+        unsigned track = (block & ~0x07) << 9;
+        unsigned sector = (block & 0x07) << 1;
+        
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+        {
+            size_t address =  track | (DOSMap[sector+i] << 8); 
+            
+            std::memcpy(bp, (uint8_t *)_map + _offset + address,  256);
+            
+            bp = (uint8_t *)bp + 256;
+        }
+        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size_t address = block * 512;
+        std::memcpy(bp, (uint8_t *)_map + _offset + address,  512);
+    }
+}
+
+void MappedFile::writeBlock(unsigned block, const void *bp)
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::writeBlock"
+        
+    if (block > _blocks) throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid block number.");
+
+    if ( (_readOnly) || (_map == MAP_FAILED))
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": File is readonly.");
+    
+    if (_dosOrder)
+    {
+        unsigned track = (block & ~0x07) << 9;
+        unsigned sector = (block & 0x07) << 1;
+        
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+        {
+            size_t address =  track | (DOSMap[sector+i] << 8); 
+            
+            std::memcpy((uint8_t *)_map + _offset + address,  bp, 256);
+            bp = (uint8_t *)bp + 256;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size_t address = block * 512;
+        std::memcpy((uint8_t *)_map + _offset +  address , bp,  512);
+    }
+}
+
+void MappedFile::sync()
+{
+    #undef __METHOD__
+    #define __METHOD__ "MappedFile::sync"
+    
+    if ( (_readOnly) || (_map == MAP_FAILED))
+        return;
+    
+    if (::msync(_map, _size, MS_SYNC) < 0)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": msync error.", errno);
+}
+
+void MappedFile::reset()
+{
+    _offset = 0;
+    _blocks = 0;
+    _dosOrder = false;
+}
+
+/*
+uint8_t MappedFile::read8(size_t location) const
+{
+    // check for size?
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    return map[location];
+}
+*/
+
+uint16_t MappedFile::read16(size_t location, int byteOrder) const
+{
+    // check for size?
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    switch(byteOrder)
+    {
+    case LittleEndian:
+        return (map[location + 1] << 8) 
+            | (map[location]);
+    case BigEndian:
+        return (map[location] << 8) 
+            | (map[location+1]);
+    default:
+        return 0;    
+    }    
+}
+
+uint32_t MappedFile::read32(size_t location, int byteOrder) const
+{
+    // check for size?
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    switch(byteOrder)
+    {
+    case LittleEndian:
+        return (map[location+3] << 24) 
+            | (map[location+2] << 16)
+            | (map[location+1] << 8)
+            | (map[location])
+            ;
+    case BigEndian:
+        return (map[location] << 24) 
+            | (map[location+1] << 16)
+            | (map[location+2] << 8)
+            | (map[location+3])
+            ;
+            
+    default:
+        return 0;    
+    }    
+}
+
+
+/*
+void MappedFile::write8(size_t location, uint8_t data)
+{
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    map[location] = data;
+}
+*/
+
+void MappedFile::write16(size_t location, uint16_t data, int byteOrder)
+{
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    switch(byteOrder)
+    {
+    case LittleEndian:
+        map[location] = data & 0xff;
+        map[location+1] = (data >> 8) & 0xff;
+        break;
+    case BigEndian:
+        map[location] = (data >> 8) & 0xff;
+        map[location+1] = data & 0xff;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void MappedFile::write32(size_t location, uint32_t data, int byteOrder)
+{
+    uint8_t *map = (uint8_t *)_map;
+    
+    switch(byteOrder)
+    {
+    case LittleEndian:
+        map[location] = data & 0xff;
+        map[location+1] = (data >> 8) & 0xff;
+        map[location+2] = (data >> 16) & 0xff;
+        map[location+3] = (data >> 24) & 0xff;        
+        break;
+    case BigEndian:
+        map[location] = (data >> 24) & 0xff;
+        map[location+1] = (data >> 16) & 0xff;
+        map[location+2] = (data >> 8) & 0xff;
+        map[location+3] = data & 0xff;
+        break;
+    }    
+}
diff --git a/MappedFile.h b/MappedFile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9414067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MappedFile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#ifndef __MAPPED_FILE__
+#define __MAPPED_FILE__
+
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+
+enum {
+    LittleEndian = 0x3412,
+    BigEndian = 0x1234
+};
+
+class MappedFile {
+public:
+    MappedFile(const char *name, bool ReadOnly);
+    MappedFile(int fd, bool readOnly);
+    MappedFile(const char *name, size_t size);
+    
+    ~MappedFile();
+        
+    void readBlock(unsigned block, void *bp);
+    void writeBlock(unsigned block, const void *bp);
+    
+    void sync();
+    
+    void reset();
+
+    bool dosOrder() const { return _dosOrder; }
+    void setDosOrder(bool tf) { _dosOrder = tf; }
+    
+    unsigned offset() const { return _offset; }
+    void setOffset(unsigned o) { _offset = o; }
+    
+    unsigned blocks() const { return _blocks; }
+    void setBlocks(unsigned b) { _blocks = b; }
+    
+    bool readOnly() const { return _readOnly; }
+    size_t fileSize() const { return _size; }  
+    void *fileData() const { return _map; }
+    
+    uint8_t read8(size_t location) const
+    {
+        return ((uint8_t *)_map)[location];
+    }
+    uint16_t read16(size_t location, int byteOrder) const;
+    uint32_t read32(size_t location, int byteOrder) const;
+    
+    void write8(size_t location, uint8_t data)
+    {
+        ((uint8_t *)_map)[location] = data;
+    }
+    void write16(size_t location, uint16_t data, int byteOrder);
+    void write32(size_t location, uint32_t data, int byteOrder);
+    
+
+private:
+    MappedFile& operator=(const MappedFile& other);
+    
+    void init(int fd, bool readOnly);
+    
+    static const unsigned DOSMap[];
+    
+    int _fd;
+    void *_map;
+    
+    size_t _size;
+    bool _readOnly;
+    
+    bool _dosOrder;
+    unsigned _offset;
+    unsigned _blocks;
+
+};
+}
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/UniversalDiskImage.cpp b/UniversalDiskImage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..688b93f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/UniversalDiskImage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#include "UniversalDiskImage.h"
+#include "MappedFile.h"
+#include "Buffer.h"
+
+using namespace ProFUSE;
+
+UniversalDiskImage::UniversalDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly) :
+    DiskImage(name, readOnly)
+{
+    Validate(file());
+}
+
+UniversalDiskImage::UniversalDiskImage(MappedFile *file) :
+    DiskImage(file)
+{
+}
+
+UniversalDiskImage *UniversalDiskImage::Create(const char *name, size_t blocks)
+{
+    // 64-byte header.
+    MappedFile *file = new MappedFile(name, blocks * 512 + 64);
+
+    Buffer header(64);
+    
+
+    // magic + creator
+    header.pushBytes("2IMGPRFS", 8); 
+    
+    // header size.
+    header.push16le(64);
+    
+    // version
+    header.push16le(1);
+    
+    //image format -- ProDOS order
+    header.push32le(1); 
+    
+    // flags
+    header.push32le(0);
+    
+    // # blocks. s/b 0 unless prodos-order
+    header.push32le(blocks);
+    
+    // offset to disk data
+    header.push32le(64);
+    
+    // data length
+    header.push32le(512 * blocks);
+    
+    // comment offset, creator, reserved -- 0.
+    header.resize(64);
+    
+    std::memcpy(file->fileData(), header.buffer(), 64);
+    
+
+    file->setOffset(64);
+    file->setBlocks(blocks);   
+    return new UniversalDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+UniversalDiskImage *UniversalDiskImage::Open(MappedFile *file)
+{
+    Validate(file);
+    return new UniversalDiskImage(file);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * TODO -- support dos-order & nibblized
+ * TODO -- honor read-only flag.
+ *
+ */
+void UniversalDiskImage::Validate(MappedFile *file)
+{
+#undef __METHOD__
+#define __METHOD__ "DavexDiskImage::Validate"
+
+    uint8_t *data = (uint8_t *)file->fileData();
+    size_t size = file->fileSize();
+    bool ok = false;
+    unsigned blocks = 0;
+    unsigned offset = 0;
+    
+    do {
+        
+        if (size < 64) break;
+        
+        if (std::memcmp(data, "2IMG", 4)) break;
+        
+        // only prodos supported, for now...
+        if (file->read32(0x0c, LittleEndian) != 1) break;
+        
+        offset = file->read32(0x20, LittleEndian);
+        blocks = file->read32(0x14, LittleEndian);
+        
+        // file size == blocks * 512
+        if (file->read32(0x1c, LittleEndian) != blocks * 512) break;
+        
+        if (offset + blocks * 512 > size) break;
+        
+        ok = true;
+    } while (false);
+    
+    if (!ok)
+        throw Exception(__METHOD__ ": Invalid file format.");
+    
+    file->reset();
+    file->setOffset(offset);
+    file->setBlocks(blocks);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/UniversalDiskImage.h b/UniversalDiskImage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfcd887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/UniversalDiskImage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef __UNIVERSALDISKIMAGE_H__
+#define __UNIVERSALDISKIMAGE_H__
+
+
+#include "BlockDevice.h"
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class UniversalDiskImage : public DiskImage {
+public:
+    UniversalDiskImage(const char *name, bool readOnly);
+
+    static UniversalDiskImage *Create(const char *name, size_t blocks);
+    static UniversalDiskImage *Open(MappedFile *);
+
+private:
+    UniversalDiskImage(MappedFile *);
+    static void Validate(MappedFile *);
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/Volume.h b/Volume.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47c6973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Volume.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#ifndef __VOLUME_H__
+#define __VOLUME_H__
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace ProFUSE {
+
+class Bitmap;
+class BlockDevice;
+
+class Volume;
+class Directory;
+class FileEntry;
+
+
+class Entry {
+public:
+    Entry() : _address(0), _volume(NULL) { }
+    virtual ~Entry();
+    
+    unsigned address() { return _address; }
+    void setAddress(unsigned address) { _address = address; }
+    
+    Volume *volume() const { return _volume; }
+    void setVolume(Volume *v) { _volume = v; }
+    
+private:
+    // physical location on disk (block * 512 + offset)
+    unsigned _address; 
+    Volume *_volume;   
+};
+
+class Directory {
+
+    FileEntry *childAtIndex(unsigned index);
+    
+private:
+    unsigned _childCount;
+    
+    std::vector<FileEntry *>_children;
+};
+
+class FileEntry {
+    virtual ~FileEntry();
+    
+    virtual unsigned inode();
+    Directory *directory();
+    Directory *parent();
+    
+private:
+    Directory *_parent;    
+    Volume *_volume;
+}
+
+class Volume {
+public:
+
+    ~Volume();
+    
+    Volume *Create(BlockDevice *);
+    Volume *Open(BlockDevice *);
+
+
+    int allocBlock();
+
+private:
+
+    Volume(BlockDevice *, int);
+    
+    
+    Bitmap *_bitmap;
+    BlockDevice *_device;
+    
+  
+};
+
+
+class FileEntry : public Entry {
+public:
+    virtual ~FileEntry();
+
+    unsigned inode();
+    
+private:
+    _unsigned _inode;
+    _unsigned _lookupCount;
+    _unsigned _openCount;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/auto.h b/auto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f6768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/auto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#ifndef __AUTO_H__
+#define __AUTO_H__
+
+template <class T>
+class auto_array
+{
+public:
+  auto_array() : _t(NULL) {}
+  auto_array(T *t) : _t(t) {}
+  ~auto_array() { if (_t) delete []_t; }
+
+
+  T* release()
+  {  T *tmp = _t; _t = NULL; return tmp; }
+
+  T* get() const { return _t; }
+  operator T*() const { return _t; }
+  T& operator[](int index) { return _t[index]; }
+
+private:
+  T *_t;
+};
+
+// ::close
+#if defined(O_CREAT) 
+class auto_fd
+{
+public:
+  auto_fd(int fd) : _fd(fd) { }
+
+  ~auto_fd() 
+  { if (_fd != -1) ::close(_fd); }
+
+  int release() 
+  { int tmp = _fd; _fd = -1; return tmp; }
+
+  int get() const { return _fd; }
+  operator int() const { return _fd; }
+
+private:
+  int _fd;
+};
+#endif
+
+// ::mmap, :munmap
+#if defined(MAP_FAILED)
+class auto_map
+{
+public:
+  auto_map(int fd, size_t size, int prot, int flags) :
+    _size(size), 
+    _map(::mmap(NULL, size, prot, flags, fd, 0))
+  { }
+
+  ~auto_map() 
+  { if (_map != MAP_FAILED) ::munmap(_map, _size); }
+
+  void *release() 
+  { void *tmp = _map; _map = MAP_FAILED; return tmp; }
+
+  void *get() const { return _map; }
+  operator void *() const { return _map; }
+
+private:
+  size_t _size;
+  void *_map;
+};
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/test.cpp b/test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a657f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "BlockDevice.h"
+#include "Exception.h"
+#include "DavexDiskImage.h"
+#include "UniversalDiskImage.h"
+#include "DiskCopy42Image.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+  if (argc == 2)
+  {
+    try {
+      //ProFUSE::BlockDevice *dev = ProFUSE::ProDOSOrderDiskImage::Create(argv[1], 1600);
+      //ProFUSE::BlockDevice *dev = ProFUSE::DavexDiskImage::Create(argv[1], 1600);
+      //ProFUSE::BlockDevice *dev = ProFUSE::UniversalDiskImage::Create(argv[1], 1600);
+      ProFUSE::BlockDevice *dev = ProFUSE::DiskCopy42Image::Create(argv[1], 1600);
+      
+      delete dev;
+    } catch (ProFUSE::Exception e) {
+      if (e.error()) printf("%s %s", e.what(), strerror(e.error()));
+      else printf("%s\n", e.what());
+    }
+
+  }
+  return 0;
+}