NAME

- sx, sb, sz - Send Files with ZMODEM, YMODEM, or XMODEM

  zcommand, zcommandi - Send COmmands with ZMODEM

SYNOPSIS

- sz [-+abdefkLlNnopTtuvyYZ] file ...

  sb [-dfktuv] file ...

  sx [-ktuv] file

  zcommand [-otv] COMMAND

  zcommandi [-otv] COMMAND

  sz -TT

DESCRIPTION

- Sz (send ZMODEM) uses the ZMODEM, YMODEM or XMODEM error correcting protocol to send one or more files over a dial-in serial port to a variety of programs running under PC-DOS, CP/M, Unix, VMS, and other operating systems.

  This is a shareware program copyrighted by Omen Technology INC.

  Sz sends one or more files with ZMODEM protocol.

  ZMODEM greatly simplifies file transfers compared to XMODEM. In addition to a friendly user interface, ZMODEM provides Personal Computer and other users an efficient, accurate, and robust file transfer method.

  ZMODEM provides complete END-TO-END data integrity between application programs. ZMODEM's 32 bit CRC catches errors that sneak into even the most advanced networks.

  Advanced file management features include AutoDownload (Automatic file Download initiated without user intervention), Display of individual and total file lengths and transmission time estimates, Crash Recovery, selective file transfers, and preservation of exact file date and length.

  The -y option instructs the receiver to open the file for writing unconditionally. The -a option causes the receiver to convert Unix newlines to PC-DOS carriage returns and linefeeds.

  Sb sends one or more files with YMODEM or ZMODEM protocol. The initial ZMODEM initialization is not sent. When requested by the receiver, sb supports YMODEM-g with "cbreak" tty mode, XON/XOFF flow control, and interrupt character set to CAN (^X). YMODEM-g increases YMODEM throughput over error free channels (direct connection, X.PC, etc.) by disabling error recovery.

  On Unix systems, additional information about the file is transmitted. If the receiving program uses this information, the transmitted file length controls the exact number of bytes written to the output dataset, and the modify time and file mode are set accordingly.

  Sx sends a single file with XMODEM or XMODEM-1k protocol (sometimes incorrectly called "ymodem"). The user must supply the file name to both sending and receiving programs.

  If sz is invoked with $SHELL set and if that variable contains the string rsh or rksh (restricted shell), sz operates in restricted mode. Restricted mode restricts pathnames to the current directory and PUBDIR (usually /usr/spool/uucppublic) and/or subdirectories thereof.

  The fourth form sends a single COMMAND to a ZMODEM receiver for execution. Zcommand exits with the COMMAND return value. If COMMAND includes spaces or characters special to the shell, it must be quoted.

  The fifth form sends a single COMMAND to a ZMODEM receiver for execution. Zcommandi exits as soon as the receiver has correctly received the command, before it is executed.

  The sixth form (sz -TT) attempts to output all 256 code combinations to the terminal. If you are having difficulty sending files, this command lets you see which character codes are being eaten by the operating system.

  The meanings of the available options are:

- + Instruct the receiver to append transmitted data to an existing file (ZMODEM only).

  a Instruct the ZMODEM receiver to convert text file format as appropriate for the receiving system. Valid only for ZMODEM.

  b (Zmodem) Binary override: transfer file without any translation.

  c Instruct the receiver to change the pathname if the destination file exists.

  d Change all instances of "." to "/" in the transmitted pathname. Thus, C.omenB0000 (which is unacceptable to MSDOS or CP/M) is transmitted as C/omenB0000. If the resultant filename has more than 8 characters in the stem, a "." is inserted to allow a total of eleven.

  e Escape all control characters; normally only XON, XOFF, DLE, CR-@-CR, and Ctrl-X are escaped.

  f Send Full pathname. Normally directory prefixes are stripped from the transmitted filename.

  k (X/Ymodem) Send files using 1024 byte blocks rather than the default 128 byte blocks. 1024 byte packets speed file transfers at high bit rates. (ZMODEM streams the data for the best possible throughput.)

  L N Use ZMODEM sub-packets of length N. A larger N (32 <= N <= 1024) gives slightly higher hroughput, a smaller N speeds error recovery. The default is 128 below 300 baud, 256 above 300 baud, or 1024 above 2400 baud.

  l N Wait for the receiver to acknowledge correct data every N (32 <= N <= 1024) characters. This may be used to avoid network overrun when XOFF flow control is lacking.

  n (Zmodem) Send each file if destination file does not exist. Overwrite destination file if source file is newer than the destination file.

  N (Zmodem) Send each file if destination file does not exist. Overwrite destination file if source file is newer or longer than the destination file.

  o (Zmodem) Disable automatic selection of 32 bit CRC.

  p (Zmodem) Protect existing destination files by skipping transfer if the destination file exists.

  r (Zmodem) Resume interrupted file transfer. If the source file is longer than the destination file, the transfer commences at the offset in the source file that equals the length of the destination file.

  rr As above, but compares the files (the portion common to sender and reciever) before resuming the transfer.

  t tim Change timeout to tim tenths of seconds.

  u Unlink the file after successful transmission.

  w N Limit the transmit window size to N bytes (ZMODEM).

  v Verbose causes a list of file names to be appended to /tmp/szlog. More v's generate more output.

  y Instruct a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite any existing file with the same name.

  Y Instruct a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite any existing file with the same name, and to skip any source files that do have a file with the same pathname on the destination system.

  Z Use ZMODEM file compression to speed file transfer.

DIAGNOSTICS

- Exit status is as follows: 0 for successful transfers. 1 if unrecoverable errors are detected. 2 if syntax errors or file access problems are detected. 3 if the program was terminated by a caught interrupt.

EXAMPLE

- ZMODEM File Transfer (GNO to remote system)

  % sz -a *.c

  This single command transfers all .c files in the current directory with conversion (-a) to end of line conventions appropriate to the receiving environment. With ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled, will automatically recieve the files after performing a security check.

  % sz -Yan *.c *.h

  Send only the .c and .h files that exist on both systems, and are newer on the sending system than the corresponding version on the receiving system, converting Apple to UNIX text format.

SEE ALSO

- rz(1).

  Compile time options required for various operating systems are described in the source file.

FILES

- 32 bit CRC code courtesy Gary S. Brown.

  sz.c, crctab.c, rbsb.c, zm.c, zmr.c, zmodem.h Unix source files

  /tmp/szlog stores debugging output (sz -vv)

TESTING FEATURE

- The command "sz -T file" exercises the Attn sequence error recovery by commanding errors with unterminated packets. The receiving program should complain five times about binary data packets being too long. Each time sz is interrupted, it should send a ZDATA header followed by another defective packet. If the receiver does not detect five long data packets, the Attn sequence is not interrupting the sender, and the Myattn string in sz.c must be modified.

  After 5 packets, sz stops the "transfer" and prints the total number of characters "sent" (Tcount). The difference between Tcount and 5120 represents the number of characters stored in various buffers when the Attn sequence is generated.

NOTES

- When using buffered modems at high speed, particular attention must be paid to flow control. The modem and Unix must agree on the flow control method. Sz on USG (SYS III/V) systems uses XON/XOFF flow control. If flow control cannot be properly set up, Try a "-w 2048" option to enforce protocol level flow control. Experiment with different window sizes for best results.

  If a program that does not properly implement the specified file transfer protocol causes sb to "hang" the port after a failed transfer, either wait for sb to time out or type a dozen Ctrl-X characters.

  Many programs claiming to support YMODEM only support XMODEM with 1k blocks, and they often don't get that quite right. XMODEM transfers add up to 127 garbage bytes per file. XMODEM-1k and YMODEM-1k transfers use 128 byte blocks to avoid extra padding.

  YMODEM programs use the file length transmitted at the beginning of the transfer to prune the file to the correct length; this may cause problems with source files that grow during the course of the transfer. This problem does not pertain to ZMODEM transfers, which preserve the exact file length unconditionally.

  Most ZMODEM options are merely passed to the receiving program; some programs do not implement all of these options.

  Circular buffering and a ZMODEM sliding window should be used when input is from pipes instead of acknowledging frames each 1024 bytes. If no files can be opened, sz sends a ZMODEM command to echo a suitable complaint; perhaps it should check for the presence of at least one accessible file before getting hot and bothered.

BUGS

- On at least one BSD system, sz would abnormally end if it got within a few kilobytes of the end of file. Using the "-w 8192" flag fixed the problem. The real cause is unknown, perhaps a bug in the kernel TTY output routines.

  The test mode leaves a zero length file on the receiving system.

GNO/ME

- The usual manner of invoking sz to send files from a IIgs is as follows:

  Connect to the other computer with a term program such as TelCom GS

  Start the X/Y/Zmodem receive on the other side

  Get/Quit back to the GNO Shell

  Type:

  sz -v -v -b filename1 filename2 .. <.ttya >.ttyb

  You may put this operation in the background of course. Tests have shown no data loss up to 9600 baud in background operation.

  The -b option ensures binary mode. You must use this if you're sending a ShrinkIt archive or other binary file. For plain text files you can leave off the -b.

NAME

- tar - extract and view tape archives

SYNOPSIS

- tar [-]{x|t}f[v] archive

DESCRIPTION

- tar lists the contents of and extracts files from UNIX tape archives (*.tar files).

  Traditionally, tar does not require the normal '-' character to denote its arguments. The option flags are as follows:

  -x Extract files from the archive

  -v Verbose mode (tell what tar is doing)

  -t Tell mode (list files in archive)

  -f Use a file on disk instead of a tape

  Since the standard IIGS filesystem is not as flexible, filename-wise, as UNIX filesystems, some pre-processing is performed on filenames created when an archive is extracted.

  • If a tar filename contains a double-/ (possible under UNIX if an archive was created by specifying a directory with a trailing slash), tar converts it to a single /.

  • If a filename contains non-alpha numeric characters, they are converted to periods ('.').

  tar does not maintain the file protection bits from UNIX, nor does it maintain the creation and modification dates.

BUGS

- Does not create .tar archives

  Does not work with raw devices, only files

  Does not allow user to specify which files to extract from archive

  tar should use the GS/OS JudgeName call.

  The -x and -t options should be exclusive, but are not.

NAME

- mkdir - Makes directories

SYNOPSIS

- mkdir dirname ...

DESCRIPTION

- The mkdir command creates subdirectories with the dirnames specified. If a file with that dirname exists, an error is returned. dirname may be a full pathname, or a partial pathname, in which case the directory is created as a subdirectory of the current directory.

  mkdir only creates the filename portion of the specified path. If, for instance, you do

  mkdir /usr/local/bbs/foo

  directory foo will only be created if all of /usr, local, and bbs exist.

AUTHOR

- mkdir was written by James Brookes for GNO/ME.

NAME

- more - text pager

SYNOPSIS

- more [ file ...]

DESCRIPTION

- more allows the user to view the specified file(s) screen by screen or line by line. If no files are specified, standard input is used.

  Every time more has displayed a screen of text, it displays a prompt

  - filename (xx%) -

  indicating the percentage of the file that has been viewed and its filename. If standard input is used,

  ' - more - '

  is used as the prompt instead.

  A number of key commands are available at the prompt.

  q quit viewing the current file, and move to the next file (if any)

  [RETURN]

  display the next line of the file

  [ESC] abort more, including any more files that may have been specified

  [SPACE]

  display the next page of the file

AUTHOR

- This version of more was written by Jawaid Bazyar and Derek Taubert.

NAME

- passwd - set a user's login password

SYNOPSIS

- passwd [ -? | -v ] [ username ]

DESCRIPTION

- passwd changes the specified user's password. Only root is allowed to alter passwords other than his own. If theusername is not given, the user's own login name is assumed. Users other than root must then enter the old password to verify permission to change the password. Finally, the user must type the desired new password twice to insure that no mistakes are made.

  To cancel passwd, type CTRL-@ when asked to enter the new password.

  The -? flag causes passwd to display a brief usage message, and the -v flag causes passwd to display version information.

SEE ALSO

- login(1)

FILES

- /etc/passwd - contains the password information

AUTHOR

- Eric Shepherd

  Internet uerics@mcl.mcl.ucsb

  AOL Sheppy

NAME

- purge - deallocate purgeable memory handles

SYNOPSIS

- purge [-v]

DESCRIPTION

- This program purges all memory blocks marked purgable. This is very important when using the Orca compilers and shells since certain blocks get left lying around and can (and have!) caused compiler errors. By purging memory before compiles a large percentage of strange compiler errors can be eliminated. After purging, all memory possible is then freed for usage.

  -v gives a verbose listing of each handle being purged and before and after free memory statistics.

  The problems mentioned above usually occur when a program has over-written one of the ORCA FastFile system's memory handles. Purging clears these handles and forces a reload from disk.

BUGS

- Purging memory when non-shell applications are running could be dangerous.

NAME

- rx, rc, rb, rz - Receive Files and Commands with X/Y/ZMODEM

SYNOPSIS

- rz -tv

  rb -tv

  rc -tv file

  rx -tv file

  gz file ... [-v]

  rzCOMMAND

DESCRIPTION

- This program uses error correcting protocols to receive files over a dial-in serial port from a variety of programs running under many operating systems. It is invoked from a shell prompt manually, or automatically as a result of an "sz file ..." command given to the calling program.

  This is a shareware program copyrighted by Omen Technology INC.

  Rz (Receive ZMODEM) receives one or more files with the ZMODEM protocol. Pathnames are supplied by the sending program, and directories are made if necessary (and possible). Normally, the "rz" command is automatically issued by the calling ZMODEM program, but defective ZMODEM implementations may require starting rz manually.

  Rb receives file(s) with YMODEM, accepting either standard128 byte sectors or 1024 byte sectors (sb -k option). The user should determine when the 1024 byte block length actually improves throughput.

  If True YMODEM™ (Omen Technology trademark) file information (file length, etc.) is received, the file length controls the number of bytes written to the output dataset, and the modify time and file mode (iff non zero) are set accordingly.

  If True YMODEM file information is not received, slashes in the pathname are changed to underscore, and any trailing period in the pathname is eliminated. This conversion is useful for files received from CP/M and other historical systems.

  Rc receives a single file with XMODEM-CRC or XMODEM-1k-CRC protocol. The user should determine when the 1024 byte block length actually improves throughput without causing problems. The user must supply the file name to both sending and receiving programs. Up to 1023 garbage characters may be added to the received file.

  Rx receives a single file with XMODEM or XMODEM-1k protocol. The user should determine when the 1024 byte block length actually improves throughput without causing problems. The user must supply the file name to both sending and receiving programs. Up to 1023 garbage characters may be added to the received file.

  Rz may be invoked as rzCOMMAND (with an optional leading - as generated by login(1)). For each received file, rz will pipe the file to ``COMMAND filename'' where filename is the name of the transmitted file with the file contents as standard input.

  Each file transfer is acknowledged when COMMAND exits with 0 status. A non zero exit status terminates transfers.

  A typical use for this form is rzmail which calls rmail(1) to post mail to the user specified by the transmitted file name. For example, sending the file "caf" from a PC-DOS system to rzmail on a Unix system would result in the contents of the DOS file "caf" being mailed to user "caf".

  The meanings of the available options are:

  tim Change timeout to tim tenths of seconds.

  v Verbose causes a list of file names to be appended to /tmp/rzlog . More v's generate more detailed debugging output.

DIAGNOSTICS

- Exit status is as follows: 0 for successful transfers. 1 if unrecoverable errors are detected. 2 if syntax errors or file access problems are detected. 3 if the program was terminated by a caught interrupt.

SEE ALSO

- sz(1).

NOTES

- ZMODEM's support of XOFF/XON flow control allows proper operation in many environments that do not support XMODEM uploads. Unfortunately, not all Unix versions support input flow control. The TTY input buffering on some systems may not adequately buffer long blocks or streaming input at high speed. You should suspect this problem when you can't send data to the Unix system at high speeds using ZMODEM, YMODEM-1k or XMODEM-1k, but YMODEM with 128 byte blocks works properly.

  If a program that does not properly implement the specified file transfer protocol causes rz to "hang" the port after a failed transfer, either wait for rz to time out or keyboard a dozen Ctrl-X characters.

  Many programs claiming to support YMODEM only support XMODEM with 1k blocks, and they often don't get that quite right.

BUGS

- This version of rz does not support some ZMODEM features.

  The ASCII option's CR/LF to NL translation merely deletes CR's.

ZMODEM CAPABILITIES

- Rz supports ZMODEM command execution (zcommand), incoming ZMODEM binary (-b), ASCII (-a), newer(-n), newer+longer(-N), protect (-p), Crash Recovery(-r), clobber (-y), match+clobber (-Y), compression(-Z), and append (-+) requests. Other options sent by the sender are ignored. The default is protect (-p) and binary (-b).

FILES

- /tmp/rzlog stores debugging output generated with -vv option

NAME

- script - make typescript of a terminal session

SYNOPSIS

- script [ -a ] [ filename ]

DESCRIPTION

- script makes a typescript of everything printed on your terminal. The typescript is written to filename , or appended to filename if the -a option is given. It can be sent to the line printer later with lpr(1). If no file name is given, the typescript is saved in the file typescript .

  The script ends when the forked shell exits.

OPTIONS

- -a Append the script to the specified file instead of writing over it.

SEE ALSO

- lpr (1), pty (4)

BUGS

- script places everything in the log file. This is not what the naive user expects.

NAME

- sleep - suspend execution for an interval

SYNOPSIS

- sleep time

DESCRIPTION

- Sleep suspends execution for time seconds. It is used to execute a command after a certain amount of time as in a script:

  sleep 105

  command

SEE ALSO

- alarm(3C), sleep(3)

BUGS

- Time must be less than 2,147,483,647 seconds.

NAME

- split - split a file into pieces

SYNOPSIS

- split [ - number ] [ infile [ outfile ] ]

DESCRIPTION

- split reads infile and writes it in number -line pieces (default 1000) onto a set of output files (as many files as necessary). The name of the first output file is outfile with aa appended, the second file is outfileab , and so on lexicographically.

  If no outfile is given, x is used as default (output files will be called xaa , xab , etc.).

  If no infile is given, or if `-' is given in its stead, then the standard input file is used.

OPTIONS

- - number Number of lines in each piece.

NAME

- stty - set and view terminal options and parameters

SYNOPSIS

- stty [ option ... ] [ charoption c ... ]

DESCRIPTION

- If no options are specified, stty prints out all the current terminal option settings. options represent boolean flags in the terminal parameters, and are as follows:

  raw turns on RAW mode (no character or line processing)

  -raw turns off RAW mode

  ehco if in CBREAK or COOKED mode, echoes input characters

  -echo echo mode off

  cbreak turns on CBREAK mode (single character processing)

  -cbreak turns off CBREAK mode (line-at-a-time processing)

  Charoptions represent variables in the terminal interface, and are as follows:

  intr c sets the interrupt character (normally ^C)

  start c sets the start character (normally ^Q)

  stop c sets the stop character (normally ^S)

  eof c sets the eof character (normally ^D)

  susp c sets the suspend character (normally ^Z)

  c may be defined either as an octal number such as 003, or in control character format (^C).

SEE ALSO

- tty(4)

NAME

- sum - print checksum and block count of a file

SYNOPSIS

- sum [ file ]

DESCRIPTION

- Sum calculates and prints a 16-bit checksum for the named file, and also prints the number of blocks in the file. Stdin is used if no file names are given. Sum is typically used to look for corrupted files, or to validate a file communicated over some transmission line.

DIAGNOSTICS

- ``Read error'' is indistinguishable from end of file on most devices; check the block count.

SEE ALSO

- wc(1).

NOTE

- Sum is pretty slow on large files when running on the GS. If anyone has a faster algorithm for computing the 16-bit checksum, I'd really appreciate seeing it.

AUTHOR

- Marek Pawlowski - marekp@pnet91.cts.com

NAME

- sx, sb, sz - Send Files with ZMODEM, YMODEM, or XMODEM

  zcommand, zcommandi - Send COmmands with ZMODEM

SYNOPSIS

- sz [-+abdefkLlNnopTtuvyYZ] file ...

  sb [-dfktuv] file ...

  sx [-ktuv] file

  zcommand [-otv] COMMAND

  zcommandi [-otv] COMMAND

  sz -TT

DESCRIPTION

- Sz (send ZMODEM) uses the ZMODEM, YMODEM or XMODEM error correcting protocol to send one or more files over a dial-in serial port to a variety of programs running under PC-DOS, CP/M, Unix, VMS, and other operating systems.

  This is a shareware program copyrighted by Omen Technology INC.

  Sz sends one or more files with ZMODEM protocol.

  ZMODEM greatly simplifies file transfers compared to XMODEM. In addition to a friendly user interface, ZMODEM provides Personal Computer and other users an efficient, accurate, and robust file transfer method.

  ZMODEM provides complete END-TO-END data integrity between application programs. ZMODEM's 32 bit CRC catches errors that sneak into even the most advanced networks.

  Advanced file management features include AutoDownload (Automatic file Download initiated without user intervention), Display of individual and total file lengths and transmission time estimates, Crash Recovery, selective file transfers, and preservation of exact file date and length.

  The -y option instructs the receiver to open the file for writing unconditionally. The -a option causes the receiver to convert Unix newlines to PC-DOS carriage returns and linefeeds.

  Sb sends one or more files with YMODEM or ZMODEM protocol. The initial ZMODEM initialization is not sent. When requested by the receiver, sb supports YMODEM-g with "cbreak" tty mode, XON/XOFF flow control, and interrupt character set to CAN (^X). YMODEM-g increases YMODEM throughput over error free channels (direct connection, X.PC, etc.) by disabling error recovery.

  On Unix systems, additional information about the file is transmitted. If the receiving program uses this information, the transmitted file length controls the exact number of bytes written to the output dataset, and the modify time and file mode are set accordingly.

  Sx sends a single file with XMODEM or XMODEM-1k protocol (sometimes incorrectly called "ymodem"). The user must supply the file name to both sending and receiving programs.

  If sz is invoked with $SHELL set and if that variable contains the string rsh or rksh (restricted shell), sz operates in restricted mode. Restricted mode restricts pathnames to the current directory and PUBDIR (usually /usr/spool/uucppublic) and/or subdirectories thereof.

  The fourth form sends a single COMMAND to a ZMODEM receiver for execution. Zcommand exits with the COMMAND return value. If COMMAND includes spaces or characters special to the shell, it must be quoted.

  The fifth form sends a single COMMAND to a ZMODEM receiver for execution. Zcommandi exits as soon as the receiver has correctly received the command, before it is executed.

  The sixth form (sz -TT) attempts to output all 256 code combinations to the terminal. If you are having difficulty sending files, this command lets you see which character codes are being eaten by the operating system.

  The meanings of the available options are:

  + Instruct the receiver to append transmitted data to an existing file (ZMODEM only).

  a Instruct the ZMODEM receiver to convert text file format as appropriate for the receiving system. Valid only for ZMODEM.

  b (Zmodem) Binary override: transfer file without any translation.

  c Instruct the receiver to change the pathname if the destination file exists.

  d Change all instances of "." to "/" in the transmitted pathname. Thus, C.omenB0000 (which is unacceptable to MSDOS or CP/M) is transmitted as C/omenB0000. If the resultant filename has more than 8 characters in the stem, a "." is inserted to allow a total of eleven.

  e Escape all control characters; normally only XON, XOFF, DLE, CR-@-CR, and Ctrl-X are escaped.

  f Send Full pathname. Normally directory prefixes are stripped from the transmitted filename.

  k (X/Ymodem) Send files using 1024 byte blocks rather than the default 128 byte blocks. 1024 byte packets speed file transfers at high bit rates. (ZMODEM streams the data for the best possible throughput.)

  L N Use ZMODEM sub-packets of length N. A larger N (32 <= N <= 1024) gives slightly higher hroughput, a smaller N speeds error recovery. The default is 128 below 300 baud, 256 above 300 baud, or 1024 above 2400 baud.

  l N Wait for the receiver to acknowledge correct data every N (32 <= N <= 1024) characters. This may be used to avoid network overrun when XOFF flow control is lacking.

  n (Zmodem) Send each file if destination file does not exist. Overwrite destination file if source file is newer than the destination file.

  N (Zmodem) Send each file if destination file does not exist. Overwrite destination file if source file is newer or longer than the destination file.

  o (Zmodem) Disable automatic selection of 32 bit CRC.

  p (Zmodem) Protect existing destination files by skipping transfer if the destination file exists.

  r (Zmodem) Resume interrupted file transfer. If the source file is longer than the destination file, the transfer commences at the offset in the source file that equals the length of the destination file.

  rr As above, but compares the files (the portion common to sender and reciever) before resuming the transfer.

  t tim Change timeout to tim tenths of seconds.

  u Unlink the file after successful transmission.

  w N Limit the transmit window size to N bytes (ZMODEM).

  v Verbose causes a list of file names to be appended to /tmp/szlog. More v's generate more output.

  y Instruct a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite any existing file with the same name.

  Y Instruct a ZMODEM receiving program to overwrite any existing file with the same name, and to skip any source files that do have a file with the same pathname on the destination system.

  Z Use ZMODEM file compression to speed file transfer.

DIAGNOSTICS

- Exit status is as follows: 0 for successful transfers. 1 if unrecoverable errors are detected. 2 if syntax errors or file access problems are detected. 3 if the program was terminated by a caught interrupt.

EXAMPLE

- ZMODEM File Transfer (GNO to remote system)

  % sz -a *.c

  This single command transfers all .c files in the current directory with conversion (-a) to end of line conventions appropriate to the receiving environment. With ZMODEM AutoDownload enabled, will automatically recieve the files after performing a security check.

  % sz -Yan *.c *.h

  Send only the .c and .h files that exist on both systems, and are newer on the sending system than the corresponding version on the receiving system, converting Apple to UNIX text format.

SEE ALSO

- rz(1).

  Compile time options required for various operating systems are described in the source file.

FILES

- 32 bit CRC code courtesy Gary S. Brown.

  sz.c, crctab.c, rbsb.c, zm.c, zmr.c, zmodem.h Unix source files

  /tmp/szlog stores debugging output (sz -vv)

TESTING FEATURE

- The command "sz -T file" exercises the Attn sequence error recovery by commanding errors with unterminated packets. The receiving program should complain five times about binary data packets being too long. Each time sz is interrupted, it should send a ZDATA header followed by another defective packet. If the receiver does not detect five long data packets, the Attn sequence is not interrupting the sender, and the Myattn string in sz.c must be modified.

  After 5 packets, sz stops the "transfer" and prints the total number of characters "sent" (Tcount). The difference between Tcount and 5120 represents the number of characters stored in various buffers when the Attn sequence is generated.

NOTES

- When using buffered modems at high speed, particular attention must be paid to flow control. The modem and Unix must agree on the flow control method. Sz on USG (SYS III/V) systems uses XON/XOFF flow control. If flow control cannot be properly set up, Try a "-w 2048" option to enforce protocol level flow control. Experiment with different window sizes for best results.

  If a program that does not properly implement the specified file transfer protocol causes sb to "hang" the port after a failed transfer, either wait for sb to time out or type a dozen Ctrl-X characters.

  Many programs claiming to support YMODEM only support XMODEM with 1k blocks, and they often don't get that quite right. XMODEM transfers add up to 127 garbage bytes per file. XMODEM-1k and YMODEM-1k transfers use 128 byte blocks to avoid extra padding.

  YMODEM programs use the file length transmitted at the beginning of the transfer to prune the file to the correct length; this may cause problems with source files that grow during the course of the transfer. This problem does not pertain to ZMODEM transfers, which preserve the exact file length unconditionally.

  Most ZMODEM options are merely passed to the receiving program; some programs do not implement all of these options.

  Circular buffering and a ZMODEM sliding window should be used when input is from pipes instead of acknowledging frames each 1024 bytes. If no files can be opened, sz sends a ZMODEM command to echo a suitable complaint; perhaps it should check for the presence of at least one accessible file before getting hot and bothered.

BUGS

- On at least one BSD system, sz would abnormally end if it got within a few kilobytes of the end of file. Using the "-w 8192" flag fixed the problem. The real cause is unknown, perhaps a bug in the kernel TTY output routines.

  The test mode leaves a zero length file on the receiving system.

GNO/ME

- The usual manner of invoking sz to send files from a IIgs is as follows:

  Connect to the other computer with a term program such as TelCom GS

  Start the X/Y/Zmodem receive on the other side

  Get/Quit back to the GNO Shell

  Type:

  sz -v -v -b filename1 filename2 .. <.ttya >.ttyb

  You may put this operation in the background of course. Tests have shown no data loss up to 9600 baud in background operation.

  The -b option ensures binary mode. You must use this if you're sending a ShrinkIt archive or other binary file. For plain text files you can leave off the -b.

NAME

- tar - extract and view tape archives

SYNOPSIS

- tar [-]{x|t}f[v] archive

DESCRIPTION

- tar lists the contents of and extracts files from UNIX tape archives (*.tar files).

  Traditionally, tar does not require the normal '-' character to denote its arguments. The option flags are as follows:

  -x Extract files from the archive

  -v Verbose mode (tell what tar is doing)

  -t Tell mode (list files in archive)

  -f Use a file on disk instead of a tape

  Since the standard IIGS filesystem is not as flexible, filename-wise, as UNIX filesystems, some pre-processing is performed on filenames created when an archive is extracted.

  • If a tar filename contains a double-/ (possible under UNIX if an archive was created by specifying a directory with a trailing slash), tar converts it to a single /.

  • If a filename contains non-alpha numeric characters, they are converted to periods ('.').

  tar does not maintain the file protection bits from UNIX, nor does it maintain the creation and modification dates.

BUGS

- Does not create .tar archives

  Does not work with raw devices, only files

  Does not allow user to specify which files to extract from archive

  tar should use the GS/OS JudgeName call.

  The -x and -t options should be exclusive, but are not.