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parent
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commit
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@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
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|||
.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1991, 1993
|
||||
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||||
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
.\" are met:
|
||||
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
||||
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
||||
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
||||
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
||||
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)getlogin.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.TH GETLOGIN 2 "17 September 1997" GNO "System Calls"
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.BR getlogin ,
|
||||
.BR setlogin
|
||||
\- get/set login name
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
#include <unistd.h>
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
char *\fBgetlogin\fR (void);
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
int \fBsetlogin\fR (const char *\fIname\fR);
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR getlogin
|
||||
routine
|
||||
returns the login name of the user associated with the current session,
|
||||
as previously set by
|
||||
.BR setlogin .
|
||||
The name is normally associated with a login shell
|
||||
at the time a session is created,
|
||||
and is inherited by all processes descended from the login shell.
|
||||
(This is true even if some of those processes assume another user ID,
|
||||
for example when
|
||||
.BR su (1)
|
||||
is used.)
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
.BR Setlogin
|
||||
sets the login name of the user associated with the current session to
|
||||
.IR name .
|
||||
This call is restricted to the super-user, and
|
||||
is normally used only when a new session is being created on behalf
|
||||
of the named user
|
||||
(for example, at login time, or when a remote shell is invoked).
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUES
|
||||
If a call to
|
||||
.BR getlogin
|
||||
succeeds, it returns a pointer to a null-terminated string in a static buffer.
|
||||
If the name has not been set, it returns
|
||||
.BR NULL .
|
||||
If a call to
|
||||
.BR setlogin
|
||||
succeeds, a value of 0 is returned. If
|
||||
.BR setlogin
|
||||
fails, a value of -1 is returned and an error code is
|
||||
placed in the global location
|
||||
.IR errno .
|
||||
.SH ERRORS
|
||||
The following errors may be returned by these calls:
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.IP \fBEFAULT\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.I name
|
||||
parameter gave an
|
||||
invalid address.
|
||||
.IP \fBEINVAL\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.I name
|
||||
parameter
|
||||
pointed to a string that was too long.
|
||||
Login names are limited to
|
||||
.BR MAXLOGNAME
|
||||
(from
|
||||
.BR <sys/param.h> )
|
||||
characters, currently 12.
|
||||
.IP \fBEPERM\fR
|
||||
The caller tried to set the login name and was not the super-user.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR setsid (2)
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
Login names are limited in length by
|
||||
.BR setlogin .
|
||||
However, lower limits are placed on login names elsewhere in the system
|
||||
.RB ( UT_NAMESIZE
|
||||
in
|
||||
.BR <utmp.h> ) .
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
In earlier versions of the system,
|
||||
.BR getlogin
|
||||
failed unless the process was associated with a login terminal.
|
||||
The current implementation (using
|
||||
.BR setlogin )
|
||||
allows getlogin to succeed even when the process has no controlling terminal.
|
||||
In earlier versions of the system, the value returned by
|
||||
.BR getlogin
|
||||
could not be trusted without checking the user ID.
|
||||
Portable programs should probably still make this check.
|
||||
.SH HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR getlogin
|
||||
function first appeared in 4.4BSD.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
|||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Macros for converting newline translation mode of stdio streams.
|
||||
.\" Devin Reade, 1997
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" $Id: fsettext.3,v 1.1 1997/09/19 15:47:54 gdr Exp $
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.TH FSETTEXT 3 "15 September 1997" GNO "Library Routines"
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.BR fsettext ,
|
||||
.BR fsetbinary
|
||||
\- set the newline translation mode for a stdio stream.
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
void \fBfsettext\fR (FILE *\fIfp\fR);
|
||||
.br
|
||||
void \fBfsetbinary\fR (FILE *\fIfp\fR);
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The FILE struct for each stdio stream contains information as to whether
|
||||
or not newline translation (carrige return to linefeed and back) will occur
|
||||
for that stream. This translation mode is set when the stream is opened
|
||||
by passing (or not passing) the "\fBb\fR" flag modifier to
|
||||
.BR fopen (3),
|
||||
.BR fdopen (3),
|
||||
or
|
||||
.BR freopen (3).
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
The stdio streams that are already open upon entry into the
|
||||
.BR main
|
||||
routine
|
||||
.RB ( stdin ,
|
||||
.BR stdout ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR stderr )
|
||||
by default do newline translations. The
|
||||
.BR fsetbinary
|
||||
macro allows these translations to be disabled. The
|
||||
.BR fsettext
|
||||
macro allows these translations to be reenabled. These macros are not
|
||||
necessary and should not be used for any other stream pointers.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
These macros must be used before any I/O is performed on the associated
|
||||
stream. If I/O has already been performed, the results are undefined.
|
||||
.SH STANDARDS
|
||||
.BR fsetbinary
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR fsettext
|
||||
are non-standard routines, and should not be used for programs intended
|
||||
to be ported to other platforms.
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR fflush (3),
|
||||
.BR fopen (3),
|
||||
.BR stdio (3)
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
|
|||
.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
|
||||
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
|
||||
.\" Chris Torek.
|
||||
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||||
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
.\" are met:
|
||||
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
||||
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
||||
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
||||
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
||||
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)funopen.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.TH FUNOPEN 3 "17 September 1997" GNO "Library Routines"
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.BR funopen ,
|
||||
.BR fropen ,
|
||||
.BR fwopen
|
||||
\- open a stream
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
FILE *\fBfunopen\fR (void *\fIcookie\fR, int (*\fIreadfn\fR)(void *, char *, int), int (*\fIwritefn\fR)(void *, const char *, int), fpos_t (*\fIseekfn\fR)(void *, fpos_t, int), int (*\fIclosefn\fR)(void *));
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
FILE *\fBfropen\fR (void *\fIcookie\fR, int (*\fIreadfn\fR)(void *, char *, int));
|
||||
.sp 1
|
||||
FILE *\fBfwopen\fR (void *\fIcookie\fR, int (*\fIwritefn\fR)(void *, char *, int));
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
function
|
||||
associates a stream with up to four I/O functions.
|
||||
Either
|
||||
.I readfn
|
||||
or
|
||||
.I writefn
|
||||
must be specified;
|
||||
the others can be given as an appropriately-typed
|
||||
.BR NULL
|
||||
pointer.
|
||||
These I/O
|
||||
functions will be used to read, write, seek and
|
||||
close the new stream.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
In general, omitting a function means that any attempt to perform the
|
||||
associated operation on the resulting stream will fail.
|
||||
If the close function is omitted, closing the stream will flush
|
||||
any buffered output and then succeed.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
The calling conventions of
|
||||
.IR readfn ,
|
||||
.IR writefn ,
|
||||
.I seekfn
|
||||
and
|
||||
.I closefn
|
||||
must match those, respectively, of
|
||||
.BR read (2),
|
||||
.BR write (2),
|
||||
.BR seek (2),
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR close (2)
|
||||
with the single exception that they are passed the
|
||||
.I cookie
|
||||
argument specified to
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
in place of the traditional file descriptor argument.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
Read and write I/O
|
||||
functions are allowed to change the underlying buffer
|
||||
on fully buffered or line buffered streams by calling
|
||||
.BR setvbuf (3).
|
||||
They are also not required to completely fill or empty the buffer.
|
||||
They are not, however, allowed to change streams from unbuffered to buffered
|
||||
or to change the state of the line buffering flag.
|
||||
They must also be prepared to have read or write calls occur on buffers other
|
||||
than the one most recently specified.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
All user I/O
|
||||
functions can report an error by returning \-1.
|
||||
Additionally, all of the functions should set the external variable
|
||||
.IR errno
|
||||
appropriately if an error occurs.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
An error on
|
||||
.BR closefn
|
||||
does not keep the stream open.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
As a convenience, the include file
|
||||
.BR <stdio.h>
|
||||
defines the macros
|
||||
.BR fropen
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR fwopen
|
||||
as calls to
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
with only a read or write function specified.
|
||||
.SH RETURN VALUES
|
||||
Upon successful completion,
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
returns a
|
||||
.BR FILE
|
||||
pointer.
|
||||
Otherwise,
|
||||
.BR NULL
|
||||
is returned and the global variable
|
||||
.IR errno
|
||||
is set to indicate the error.
|
||||
.SH ERRORS
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.IP \fBEINVAL\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
function
|
||||
was called without either a read or write function.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
function
|
||||
may also fail and set
|
||||
.IR errno
|
||||
for any of the errors
|
||||
specified for the routine
|
||||
.BR malloc (3).
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR fcntl (2),
|
||||
.BR open (2),
|
||||
.BR fclose (3),
|
||||
.BR fopen (3),
|
||||
.BR fseek (3),
|
||||
.BR setbuf (3)
|
||||
.SH HISTORY
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
functions first appeared in 4.4BSD.
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR funopen
|
||||
function
|
||||
may not be portable to systems other than BSD.
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
|
|||
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
|
||||
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
||||
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
||||
.\" are met:
|
||||
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
||||
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
||||
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
||||
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
||||
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
||||
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
||||
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
||||
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
||||
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
||||
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
||||
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
||||
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
||||
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
||||
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
||||
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
||||
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
||||
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
||||
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
||||
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
||||
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
||||
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.\" @(#)utmp.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
|
||||
.\"
|
||||
.TH UTMP 5 "17 September 1997" GNO "File Formats"
|
||||
.SH NAME
|
||||
.BR utmp ,
|
||||
.BR wtmp ,
|
||||
.BR lastlog
|
||||
\- login records
|
||||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||||
#include <utmp.h>
|
||||
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
||||
The file
|
||||
.BR <utmp.h>
|
||||
declares the structures used to record information about current
|
||||
users in the file
|
||||
.BR utmp ,
|
||||
logins and logouts in the file
|
||||
.BR wtmp ,
|
||||
and last logins in the file
|
||||
.BR lastlog .
|
||||
The time stamps of date changes, shutdowns and reboots are also logged in
|
||||
the
|
||||
.BR wtmp
|
||||
file.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
These files can grow rapidly on busy systems, daily or weekly rotation
|
||||
is recommended.
|
||||
If any of these files do not exist, it is not created.
|
||||
These
|
||||
files must be created manually and are normally maintained in either the script
|
||||
.BR /etc/daily
|
||||
or the script
|
||||
.BR /etc/weekly .
|
||||
(See
|
||||
.BR cron (8).)
|
||||
.nf
|
||||
|
||||
#define _PATH_UTMP "/var/run/utmp"
|
||||
#define _PATH_WTMP "/var/log/wtmp"
|
||||
#define _PATH_LASTLOG "/var/log/lastlog"
|
||||
|
||||
#define UT_NAMESIZE 8
|
||||
#define UT_LINESIZE 8
|
||||
#define UT_HOSTSIZE 16
|
||||
|
||||
struct lastlog {
|
||||
time_t ll_time;
|
||||
char ll_line[UT_LINESIZE];
|
||||
char ll_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
struct utmp {
|
||||
char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];
|
||||
char ut_name[UT_NAMESIZE];
|
||||
char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
|
||||
long ut_time;
|
||||
};
|
||||
.fi
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
Each time a user logs in, the
|
||||
.BR login
|
||||
program looks up the user's
|
||||
.I UID
|
||||
in the file
|
||||
.BR lastlog.
|
||||
If it is found, the timestamp of the last time the user logged
|
||||
in, the terminal line and the hostname
|
||||
are written to the standard output. (Providing the login is not
|
||||
.IR quiet ,
|
||||
see
|
||||
.BR login (1).)
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR login
|
||||
program then records the new login time in the file
|
||||
.BR lastlog .
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
After the new
|
||||
.I lastlog
|
||||
record is written,
|
||||
the file
|
||||
.BR utmp
|
||||
is opened and the
|
||||
.I utmp
|
||||
record for the user inserted.
|
||||
This record remains there until
|
||||
the user logs out at which time it is deleted.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR utmp
|
||||
file is used by the programs
|
||||
.BR rwho (1),
|
||||
.BR users (1),
|
||||
.BR w (1),
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR who (1).
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
Next, the
|
||||
.BR login
|
||||
program opens the file
|
||||
.BR wtmp ,
|
||||
and appends the user's
|
||||
.I utmp
|
||||
record.
|
||||
The same
|
||||
.I utmp
|
||||
record, with an updated time stamp is later appended
|
||||
to the file when the user logs out. (See
|
||||
.BR init (8).)
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR wtmp
|
||||
file is used by the programs
|
||||
.BR last (1)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR ac (8).
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
In the event of a date change, a shutdown or reboot, the
|
||||
following items are logged in the
|
||||
.BR wtmp
|
||||
file.
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.IP "\fBreboot\fR, \fBshutdown\fR"
|
||||
A system reboot or shutdown has been initiated.
|
||||
The character
|
||||
.BR \&~
|
||||
is placed in the field
|
||||
.IR ut_line ,
|
||||
and
|
||||
.B reboot
|
||||
or
|
||||
.B shutdown
|
||||
in the field
|
||||
.IR ut_name .
|
||||
(See
|
||||
.BR shutdown (8)
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR reboot (8).)
|
||||
.LP
|
||||
.IP \fBdate\fR
|
||||
The system time has been manually or automatically updated.
|
||||
(See
|
||||
.BR date (1).)
|
||||
The command name
|
||||
.BR date
|
||||
is recorded in the field
|
||||
.IR ut_name .
|
||||
In the field
|
||||
.IR ut_line ,
|
||||
the character
|
||||
.BR \\*(Ba
|
||||
indicates the time prior to the change, and the character
|
||||
.BR \&{
|
||||
indicates the new time.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.SH FILES
|
||||
.RS
|
||||
.IP \fB/var/run/utmp\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR utmp file.
|
||||
.IP \fB/var/log/wtmp\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR wtmp file.
|
||||
.IP \fB/var/log/lastlog\fR
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR lastlog file.
|
||||
.RE
|
||||
.SH BUGS
|
||||
This man page is not quite right for the GNO implementation (the structures
|
||||
are incorrect, as is the utmp path).
|
||||
.SH SEE ALSO
|
||||
.BR last (1),
|
||||
.BR login (1),
|
||||
.BR who (1),
|
||||
.BR ac (8),
|
||||
.BR init (8)
|
||||
.SH HISTORY
|
||||
A
|
||||
.BR utmp
|
||||
and
|
||||
.BR wtmp
|
||||
file format appeared in v6.
|
||||
The
|
||||
.BR lastlog
|
||||
file format appeared in 3.0BSD.
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue