SUMMARY OF COMMANDS Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N. Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given. h H Display this help. q :q :Q ZZ Exit. e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines). y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines). f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines). b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines). z * Forward one window (and set window to N). w * Backward one window (and set window to N). d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N). u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N). F Forward forever; like "tail -f". r ^R ^L Repaint screen. R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input. NOTE: default "window" is the screen height. default "half-window" is half of the screen height. /pattern * Search forward for (N-th) matching line. ?pattern * Search backward for (N-th) matching line. NOTE: search commands may be modified by one or more of: ! search for NON-matching lines. * search multiple files. @ start search at first file (for /) or last file (for ?). n * Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence). N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction. ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files. ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files. g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line N). G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line N). p % * Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file). { * Go to the } matching the (N-th) { in the top line. } * Go to the { matching the (N-th) } in the bottom line. ( * Go to the ) matching the (N-th) ( in the top line. ) * Go to the ( matching the (N-th) ) in the bottom line. [ * Go to the ] matching the (N-th) [ in the top line. ] * Go to the [ matching the (N-th) ] in the bottom line. ESC-^F * Go to the c1 matching the (N-th) c2 in the top line ESC-^B * Go to the c2 matching the (N-th) c1 in the bottom line. m Mark the current position with . ' Go to a previously marked position. '' Go to the previous position. ^X^X Same as '. E [file] Examine a new file. :e ^X^V Same as E. :n * Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line. :p * Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line. = ^G :f Print current file name. V Print version number of "less". - Toggle a command line flag [see FLAGS below]. _ Display the setting of a command line flag. +cmd Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined. !command Passes the command to $SHELL to be executed. |Xcommand Pipe file between current pos & mark X to shell command. v Edit the current file with $EDITOR. FLAGS Most flags may be changed either on the command line, or from within less by using the - command. -? Display help (from command line). -a Set forward search starting location. -b [N] Number of buffers. -B Automatically allocate buffers. -c -C Repaint by scrolling/clearing. -d Dumb terminal. -e -E Quit at end of file. -f Force open non-regular files. -h [N] Backward scroll limit. -i Ignore case in searches. -j [N] Screen position of target lines. -k [file] Use a lesskey file. -m -M Set prompt style. -n -N Use line numbers. -o [file] Log file. -O [file] Log file (unconditionally overwrite). -p [pattern] Start at pattern (from command line). -P [prompt] Define new prompt. -q -Q Quiet the terminal bell. -r Translate control characters. -s Squeeze multiple blank lines. -S Chop long lines. -t [tag] Find a tag. -T [tagsfile] Use an alternate tags file. -u -U Change handling of backspaces. -w Display ~ for lines after end-of-file. -x [N] Set tab stops. -y [N] Forward scroll limit. -z [N] Set size of window.