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473 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
473 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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;; $Id: glossary.sgml,v 1.1 1999/02/21 18:46:50 gdr-ftp Exp $
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-->
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<glossary id="gsh-glossary">
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<title>Glossary</title>
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<!--
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;;
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;; Make sure you keep all these entries properly sorted. They will
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;; appear exactly in the order in which you see them here; no automated
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;; sorting is done.
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;;
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;; Here is a glossary entry template for you to cut and paste:
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;;
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm></glossterm>
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<glossdef>
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<para>
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</para>
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</glossdef>
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</glossentry>
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;;
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;;
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-->
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Alias</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A name used as an
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abbreviation for one or more commands. An alias allows
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you to replace any command string with a short sequence
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of characters.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Applesoft</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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An implementation of BASIC for the Apple II.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>APW</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Apple Programmer's Workshop. Similar to ORCA.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>BASIC</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. A simple computer
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language.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Built-in Command</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A command processed by <command>gsh</command>. These commands are not
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external to the shell, but are included within the
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<command>gsh</command> program.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Command</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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An action for <command>gsh</command> to perform. Commands can be
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either simple or compound. A simple command is an alias assignment,
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variable assignment, I/O redirection, or built-in
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command. A compound command is a pipeline.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Directory</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A special
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type of file that contains a list of other files; usually
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used to categorize files related in some way.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Environment</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The state of a process, which includes information such as
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its open files, current directory (working directory),
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and local and global variables. Three environments exist
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under <command>gsh</command>:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Child Environment</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The environment of the child process.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Current Environment</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The environment of the current process.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Parent Environment</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The environment of the parent process.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Environment file</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A file that is interpreted by an application to allow the
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user to customize its operation. For <command>gsh</command>, this
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file is <filename>gshrc</filename>.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Export</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A way to pass a variable from a parent process to child process.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>File</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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An object used
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to store data and/or programs. On the IIgs, files
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are tagged with types such as EXE, SRC, TXT, and so forth.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Filter</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A command
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that reads from its standard input and writes to its
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standard output. For example, a filter program could be
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written to convert all characters to upper case. Filters
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are used mainly in pipelines.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Flag</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A character
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used to represent an option to a command. Flags are
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either short or long options whose character
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representations are "-" and "+".
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Glob</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Slang for Pathname Expansion.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>GNO/ME</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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GNO Multitasking Environment. The complete package including
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the GNO kernel and the GNO Shell.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>GNO Kernel</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Heart of GNO/ME. Executes processes when asked by the GNO Shell.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>GNO Shell</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Provides
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an interface between the user and the GNO kernel.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>gsh</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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GNO Implementation of a UNIX-like shell.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>GS/OS</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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16 bit
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Operating System for the Apple IIgs.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>History</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A variable
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number of command-lines saved by <command>gsh</command> for future
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reference. The number of command-lines saved is dependent
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on the HISTORY environment variable.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>History file</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A file
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containing command-lines entered while in a <command>gsh</command>
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session. The number of command-lines saved is dependent
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on the SAVEHIST environment variable.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Interrupt</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A signal
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generated by a sequence of keyboard characters or by a
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command that terminates the current executing process,
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unless the process has set up a trap to handle the
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interrupt signal.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>I/O Redirection</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The
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process of changing the standard input, standard output,
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and standard error associated with a process so that it
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is redirected to a file instead of the console.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Job</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A set of related
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processes. A job can be either:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Background Job</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A process
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that executes with the current process. Background jobs
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are not associated with the terminal.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Foreground Job</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A process
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that is currently executing and which is associated with
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the terminal.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Multiprocessing</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Indicates a machine with more than one CPU.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Multitasking</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The ability to run more than one program at a time, or the
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illusion of more than one program running at a time;
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usually the latter.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>ORCA</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Shell programing
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environment for the Apple //gs. Also a type of whale.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Path Search</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The means of searching a pathname list for a command or
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script.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pathname</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A string used to identify a file.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pathname Completion</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The means of generating all pathnames matching a given pattern.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pathname Expansion</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The means of replacing a pattern with a list of pathnames
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matching that pattern.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pattern</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A string of
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characters used to match literal characters and/or
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multiple characters.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Permission</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Each file
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has certain permissions associated with it: destroy,
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rename, backup, invisible, write, and read.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pipe</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A conduit
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through which a stream of characters can pass from one
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process to another. This is accomplished by linking the
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standard output of one process to the standard input of a
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second process.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Pipeline</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Two or more
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processes connected together by pipes.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Process</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A single
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thread of execution that consists of a program and an
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execution environment. If a process creates another process,
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the creator is known as the <emphasis>parent process</emphasis>;
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the created process is known as the <emphasis>child process</emphasis>.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Process ID</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Each active process is uniquely identified by a positive
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integer called the process id.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>ProDOS</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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8-bit Disk
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Operating System for Apple II computers.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Prompt</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A message
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displayed by <command>gsh</command> when it is ready to receive a
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command.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Quoting</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A means of
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including special characters as arguments to a command or
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as the command name. Certain characters have certain
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meanings to <command>gsh</command> and quoting them makes
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<command>gsh</command> ignore them.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Reserved Word</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A word
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that is treated specially by <command>gsh</command>. This word is
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part of the <command>gsh</command> grammar.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Script</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A sequence of
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commands contained in a file.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Signal</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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An asynchronous message that consists of a number or name
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that can be sent from one process to another.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Standard Error</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The file associated with error messages for a process. This
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file is usually the terminal.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Standard Input</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The file associated with a processes input. This file is
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usually the terminal.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Standard Output</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The file associated with a processes output. This file is
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usually the terminal.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Tilde Expansion</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Words beginning with "~" are treated
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specially by <command>gsh</command>. The "~" is
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expanded to the value of the HOME environment variable.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>UNIX</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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Popular
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operating system which has growing use in education and
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business. One of the first operating systems to support
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multitasking.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Variable</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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A named
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location in <command>gsh</command> that contains text. The text of a
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variable can be expanded in a command by preceding the
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variable name with a dollar sign ($).
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Wildcard</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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See Pattern and Pathname Expansion.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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<glossentry>
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<glossterm>Working directory</glossterm>
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<glossdef><para>
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The current directory.
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</para></glossdef></glossentry>
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</glossary>
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