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145 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
145 lines
4.3 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)tail.1 2.0 (GNO) 8/1/97
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.\"
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.TH TAIL 1 "August 1997" "GNO" "Commands and Applications"
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.SH NAME
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.BR tail
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\- display the last part of a file
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.BR tail
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.RB [ -f ]
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.RB [ -b
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.IR number " |"
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.B -c
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.IR number " |"
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.B -n
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.IR number ]
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.RI [ file ...]
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.SS Obsolescent:
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.BR tail "
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.RB [ -f ]
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.RB [ + | -\fInumber [ l
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.RB "| " b " | " c ]]
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.RI [ file ...]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.BR tail
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utility displays the contents of
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.BR file
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or, by default, its standard input, to the standard output.
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.LP
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The display begins at a byte, line or 512-byte block location in the
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input.
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Numbers having a leading plus (``+'') sign are relative to the beginning
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of the input, for example,
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.B "-c +2"
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starts the display at the second
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byte of the input.
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Numbers having a leading minus (``-'') sign or no explicit sign are
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relative to the end of the input, for example,
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.B "-n 2"
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displays the last two lines of the input.
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The default starting location is
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.BR "-n 10" ,
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or the last 10 lines of the input.
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.LP
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.SH OPTIONS
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The options are as follows:
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.RS
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.IP \fB-b\fR \fInumber\fR
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The location is
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.IR number
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512-byte blocks.
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.IP \fB-c\fR \fInumber\fR
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The location is
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.IR number
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bytes.
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.IP \fB-f\fR
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The
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.B -f
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option causes
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.BR tail
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not to stop when end of file is reached, but rather to wait for additional
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data to be appended to the input.
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The
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.B -f
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option is ignored if the standard input is a pipe, but not if it is a FIFO.
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.IP \fB-n\fR \fInumber\fR
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The location is
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.IR number
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lines.
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.RE
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.LP
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If more than a single file is specified, each file is preceded by a
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header consisting of the string
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.B "==> XXX <=="
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where
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.B XXX
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is the name of the file.
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.LP
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The
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.BR tail
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utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
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.SH ATTRIBUTIONS
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This command was ported from FreeBSD source code
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for distribution with GNO/ME 2.0.6.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR cat (1),
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.BR head (1),
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.BR sed (1)
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.SH STANDARDS
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The
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.BR tail
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utility is expected to be a superset of the POSIX.2
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specification.
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In particular, the
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.BR -b
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option is an extension to that standard.
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.LP
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The historic (obsolescent) command line syntax of
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.BR tail
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is supported by this implementation.
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.SH HISTORY
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The BSD
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.B -r
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option, which causes the input to be displayed in reverse order, by line,
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has not been implemented for the GNO version of
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.BR tail .
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.PP
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Version 1.1 (18-Jan-93) of
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.BR tail ,
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shipped with GNO 2.0, was written by Sameer Parekh (zane@ddsw1.MCS.COM).
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