2007-11-13 17:13:31 +00:00
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<head><title>Command Summary for sed (sed & awk, Second Edition)</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Command Summary for sed</h2>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>: </b> <b> :</b><em>label</em></dt>
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<dd>Label a line in the script for the transfer of control by
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<b>b</b> or <b>t</b>.
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<em>label</em> may contain up to seven characters.
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(The POSIX standard says that an implementation can allow longer
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labels if it wishes to. GNU sed allows labels to be of any length.)
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</p></dd>
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<dt><b>=</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>=</b></dt>
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<dd>Write to standard output the line number of addressed line.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>a</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>a\</b></dt>
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<dd><em>text</em></p>
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<p>Append <em>text</em>
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following each line matched by <em>address</em>. If
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<em>text</em> goes over more than one line, newlines
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must be "hidden" by preceding them with a backslash. The
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<em>text</em> will be terminated by the first
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newline that is not hidden in this way. The
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<em>text</em> is not available in the pattern space
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and subsequent commands cannot be applied to it. The results of this
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command are sent to standard output when the list of editing commands
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is finished, regardless of what happens to the current line in the
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pattern space.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>b</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>b</b>[<em>label</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Transfer control unconditionally (branch) to
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<b>:</b><em>label</em> elsewhere in
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script. That is, the command following the
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<em>label</em> is the next command applied to the
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current line. If no <em>label</em> is specified,
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control falls through to the end of the script, so no more commands
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are applied to the current line.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>c</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>c\</b></dt>
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<dd><em>text</em></p>
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<p>Replace (change) the lines selected by the address with
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<em>text</em>. When a range of lines is specified,
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all lines as a group are replaced by a single copy of
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<em>text</em>. The newline following each line of
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<em>text</em> must be escaped by a backslash, except
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the last line. The contents of the pattern space are, in effect,
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deleted and no subsequent editing commands can be applied to it (or to
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<em>text</em>).</p></dd>
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<dt><b>d</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>d</b></dt>
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<dd>Delete line(s) from pattern space. Thus, the line is not passed to standard
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output. A new line of input is read and editing resumes with first
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command in script.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>D</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>D</b></dt>
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<dd>Delete first part (up to embedded newline) of multiline pattern space created
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by <b>N</b> command and resume editing with first command in
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script. If this command empties the pattern space, then a new line
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of input is read, as if the <b>d</b> command had been executed.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>g</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>g</b></dt>
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<dd>Copy (get) contents of hold space (see <b>h</b> or
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<b>H</b> command) into the pattern space, wiping out
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previous contents.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>G</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>G</b></dt>
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<dd>Append newline followed by contents of hold space (see
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<b>h</b> or <b>H</b> command) to contents of
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the pattern space. If hold space is empty, a newline is still
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appended to the pattern space.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>h</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>h</b></dt>
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<dd>Copy pattern space into hold space, a special temporary buffer.
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Previous contents of hold space are wiped out.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>H</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>H</b></dt>
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<dd>Append newline and contents of pattern space to contents of the hold
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space. Even if hold space is empty, this command still appends the
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newline first.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>i</b> [<em>address1</em>]<b>i\</b></dt>
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<dd><em>text</em></p>
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<p>Insert <em>text</em> before each line matched by
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<em>address</em>. (See <b>a</b> for
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details on <em>text</em>.)</p></dd>
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<dt><b>l</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>l</b></dt>
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<dd>List the contents of the pattern space, showing nonprinting characters
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as ASCII codes. Long lines are wrapped.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>n</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>n</b></dt>
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<dd>Read next line of input into pattern space. Current line is sent to
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standard output. New line becomes current line and increments line
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counter. Control passes to command following <b>n</b>
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instead of resuming at the top of the script.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>N</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>N</b></dt>
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<dd>Append next input line to contents of pattern space; the new line is
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2007-12-24 14:09:19 +00:00
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separated from the previous contents of the pattern space by a newline.
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2007-11-13 17:13:31 +00:00
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(This command is designed to allow pattern matches across two
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lines. Using \n to match the embedded newline, you can match
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patterns across multiple lines.)</p></dd>
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<dt><b>p</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>p</b></dt>
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<dd>Print the addressed line(s). Note that this can result in duplicate
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output unless default output is suppressed by using "#n" or
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the <span class="option">-n</span>
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command-line option. Typically used before commands that change flow
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control (<b>d</b>, <b>n</b>,
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<b>b</b>) and might prevent the current line from being
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output.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>P</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>P</b></dt>
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<dd>Print first part (up to embedded newline) of multiline pattern space
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created by <b>N</b> command. Same as <b>p</b>
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if <b>N</b> has not been applied to a line.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>q</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>q</b></dt>
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<dd>Quit when <em>address</em> is encountered. The
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addressed line is first written to output (if default output is not
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suppressed), along with any text appended to it by previous
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<b>a</b> or <b>r</b> commands.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>r</b> [<em>address</em>]<b>r</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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<dd>Read contents of <em>file</em> and append after the
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contents of the pattern space. Exactly one space must be put between
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<b>r</b> and the filename.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>s</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>s</b>/<em>pattern</em>/<em>replacement</em>/[<em>flags</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Substitute <em>replacement</em> for
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<em>pattern</em> on each addressed line. If pattern
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addresses are used, the pattern <b>//</b> represents the
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last pattern address specified. The following flags can be specified:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt><b>n</b></dt>
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<dd>Replace <em>n</em>th instance of
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/<em>pattern</em>/ on each addressed line.
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<em>n</em> is any number in the range 1 to 512, and
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the default is 1.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>g</b></dt>
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<dd>Replace all instances of /<em>pattern</em>/ on each
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addressed line, not just the first instance.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>p</b></dt>
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<dd>Print the line if a successful substitution is done. If several
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successful substitutions are done, multiple copies of the line will be
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printed.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>w</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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<dd>Write the line to <em>file</em> if a replacement
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was done. A maximum of 10 different <em>files</em> can be opened.</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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<dt><b>t</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>t </b>[<em>label</em>]</dt>
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<dd>Test if successful substitutions have been made on addressed lines,
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and if so, branch to line marked by :<em>label</em>.
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(See <b>b</b> and <b>:</b>.) If label is not
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specified, control falls through to bottom of script.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>w</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>w</b> <em>file</em></dt>
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<dd>Append contents of pattern space to <em>file</em>.
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This action occurs when the command is encountered rather than when
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the pattern space is output. Exactly one space must separate the
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<b>w</b> and the filename. A maximum of 10 different
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files can be opened in a script. This command will create the file if
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it does not exist; if the file exists, its contents will be
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overwritten each time the script is executed. Multiple write commands
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that direct output to the same file append to the end of the file.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>x</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>x</b></dt>
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<dd>Exchange contents of the pattern space with the contents of the hold
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space.</p></dd>
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<dt><b>y</b> [<em>address1</em>[,<em>address2</em>]]<b>y</b>/<em>abc</em>/<em>xyz</em>/</dt>
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<dd>Transform each character by position in string
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<em>abc</em> to its equivalent in string
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<em>xyz</em>.</p></dd>
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</dl>
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