diff --git a/applets/busybox.c b/applets/busybox.c
index f0258c36e..0892e84ec 100644
--- a/applets/busybox.c
+++ b/applets/busybox.c
@@ -199,12 +199,7 @@ int busybox_main(int argc, char **argv)
     argc--;
     argv++;
 
-    /* If we've already been here once, exit now */
-    if (been_there_done_that == 1)
-	return -1;
-    been_there_done_that = 1;
-
-    if (argc < 1) {
+    if (been_there_done_that == 1 || argc < 1) {
 	const struct Applet *a = applets;
 	fprintf(stderr, "BusyBox v%s (%s) multi-call binary -- GPL2\n",
 		BB_VER, BB_BT);
@@ -224,6 +219,9 @@ int busybox_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 	fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
 	exit(-1);
-    } else
+    } else {
+	/* If we've already been here once, exit now */
+	been_there_done_that = 1;
 	return (main(argc, argv));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/block_device.c b/block_device.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 87e7209c0..000000000
--- a/block_device.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-const char	block_device_usage[] = "block_device mount-point";
-
-static dev_t *my_device;
-static char *my_device_name;
-
-int 
-match_mount(const struct FileInfo * i) {
-	if ( S_ISBLK(i->stat.st_mode) 
-	 && (i->stat.st_rdev == *my_device)) {
-		my_device_name=strdup(i->source);
-		return 1;
-	} else
-		return 0;
-}
-
-extern int
-block_device_main(struct FileInfo * i, int argc, char * * argv)
-{
-	char *device_name = block_device(argv[1],i);
-	if ( device_name == NULL )
-		return -1;
-	printf("%s\n", device_name);
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-char * block_device(const char *name, struct FileInfo *i)
-{
-	struct stat	s;
-        char *buf;
-	int dinam=0;
-
-	if ( stat(name, &s) ) return (char *) NULL;
-	if (!i) {
-	  i=(struct FileInfo*)malloc(sizeof(struct FileInfo));
-	  dinam = 1;
-	}
-	memset((void *)i, 0, sizeof(struct FileInfo));
-	my_device=(dev_t *)malloc(sizeof(dev_t));
-	*my_device = s.st_dev;
-	my_device_name = NULL;
-	i->source = "/dev";
-	i->stat = s;
-	i->processDirectoriesAfterTheirContents=1;
-	descend(i, match_mount);
-	if (dinam) free(i);
-	if ( my_device_name ) {
-                buf = strdup(my_device_name);
-		free(my_device);
-		free(my_device_name);
-		return buf;
-        } else {
-		fprintf( stderr
-		,"Can't find special file for block device %d, %d.\n"
-		,(int) *my_device >> 8 & 0xff
-		,(int) *my_device & 0xff);
-		free(my_device);
-		return (char *) NULL;
-	}
-}
diff --git a/busybox.c b/busybox.c
index f0258c36e..0892e84ec 100644
--- a/busybox.c
+++ b/busybox.c
@@ -199,12 +199,7 @@ int busybox_main(int argc, char **argv)
     argc--;
     argv++;
 
-    /* If we've already been here once, exit now */
-    if (been_there_done_that == 1)
-	return -1;
-    been_there_done_that = 1;
-
-    if (argc < 1) {
+    if (been_there_done_that == 1 || argc < 1) {
 	const struct Applet *a = applets;
 	fprintf(stderr, "BusyBox v%s (%s) multi-call binary -- GPL2\n",
 		BB_VER, BB_BT);
@@ -224,6 +219,9 @@ int busybox_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	}
 	fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
 	exit(-1);
-    } else
+    } else {
+	/* If we've already been here once, exit now */
+	been_there_done_that = 1;
 	return (main(argc, argv));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/busybox.def.h b/busybox.def.h
index 848783b9f..090bd7e7c 100644
--- a/busybox.def.h
+++ b/busybox.def.h
@@ -13,11 +13,9 @@
 #define BB_CP
 #define BB_DATE
 #define BB_DD
-//#define BB_DESCEND
 #define BB_DF
 #define BB_DMESG
 #define BB_DUTMP
-//#define BB_DYADIC
 #define BB_FALSE
 //#define BB_FDFLUSH
 #define BB_FIND
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@
 //#define BB_MKNOD
 ////#define BB_MKSWAP
 #define BB_MNC
-//#define BB_MONADIC
 #define BB_MORE
 #define BB_MOUNT
 ////#define BB_MT
diff --git a/chown.c b/chown.c
index bcaeea38e..8d6cffa14 100644
--- a/chown.c
+++ b/chown.c
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ static int fileAction(const char *fileName)
 		   ((chownApp==TRUE)? uid: statBuf.st_uid), 
 		   gid) < 0)) { 
 	perror(fileName);
-	return( TRUE);
+	return( FALSE);
     }
-    return( FALSE);
+    return( TRUE);
 }
 
 int chown_main(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/coreutils/chown.c b/coreutils/chown.c
index bcaeea38e..8d6cffa14 100644
--- a/coreutils/chown.c
+++ b/coreutils/chown.c
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ static int fileAction(const char *fileName)
 		   ((chownApp==TRUE)? uid: statBuf.st_uid), 
 		   gid) < 0)) { 
 	perror(fileName);
-	return( TRUE);
+	return( FALSE);
     }
-    return( FALSE);
+    return( TRUE);
 }
 
 int chown_main(int argc, char **argv)
diff --git a/coreutils/cp.c b/coreutils/cp.c
index 4cdfc843b..94b4ab024 100644
--- a/coreutils/cp.c
+++ b/coreutils/cp.c
@@ -47,43 +47,9 @@ static int fileAction(const char *fileName)
     char newdestName[NAME_MAX];
     strcpy(newdestName, destName);
     strcat(newdestName, fileName+(strlen(srcName)));
-    fprintf(stderr, "A: copying %s to %s\n", fileName, newdestName);
     return (copyFile(fileName, newdestName, preserveFlag, followLinks));
 }
 
-static int dirAction(const char *fileName)
-{
-    char newdestName[NAME_MAX];
-    struct stat statBuf;
-    struct  utimbuf times;
-
-    strcpy(newdestName, destName);
-    strcat(newdestName, fileName+(strlen(srcName)));
-    if (stat(newdestName, &statBuf)) {
-	if (mkdir( newdestName, 0777777 ^ umask (0))) {
-	    perror(newdestName);
-	    return( FALSE);
-	}
-    }
-    else if (!S_ISDIR (statBuf.st_mode)) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "`%s' exists but is not a directory", newdestName);
-	return( FALSE);
-    }
-    if (preserveFlag==TRUE) {
-	/* Try to preserve premissions, but don't whine on failure */
-	if (stat(newdestName, &statBuf)) {
-	    perror(newdestName);
-	    return( FALSE);
-	}
-	chmod(newdestName, statBuf.st_mode);
-	chown(newdestName, statBuf.st_uid, statBuf.st_gid);
-	times.actime = statBuf.st_atime;
-	times.modtime = statBuf.st_mtime;
-	utime(newdestName, &times);
-    }
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
 extern int cp_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 
diff --git a/coreutils/df.c b/coreutils/df.c
index 8cc93814b..a777d70f4 100644
--- a/coreutils/df.c
+++ b/coreutils/df.c
@@ -43,6 +43,50 @@ df(char* device, const char * mountPoint)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Given a block device, find the mount table entry if that block device
+ * is mounted.
+ *
+ * Given any other file (or directory), find the mount table entry for its
+ * filesystem.
+ */
+extern struct mntent *
+findMountPoint(const char* name, const char* table)
+{
+	struct stat	s;
+	dev_t			mountDevice;
+	FILE *			mountTable;
+	struct mntent *	mountEntry;
+
+	if ( stat(name, &s) != 0 )
+		return 0;
+
+	if ( (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK )
+		mountDevice = s.st_rdev;
+	else
+		mountDevice = s.st_dev;
+
+	
+	if ( (mountTable = setmntent(table, "r")) == 0 )
+		return 0;
+
+	while ( (mountEntry = getmntent(mountTable)) != 0 ) {
+		if ( strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_dir) == 0
+		 || strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_fsname) == 0 )	/* String match. */
+			break;
+		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_fsname, &s) == 0
+		 && s.st_rdev == mountDevice )	/* Match the device. */
+				break;
+		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_dir, &s) == 0
+		 && s.st_dev == mountDevice )	/* Match the directory's mount point. */
+			break;
+	}
+	endmntent(mountTable);
+	return mountEntry;
+}
+
+
+
 extern int
 df_main(int argc, char * * argv)
 {
@@ -90,47 +134,3 @@ df_main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
 
 
-
-/*
- * Given a block device, find the mount table entry if that block device
- * is mounted.
- *
- * Given any other file (or directory), find the mount table entry for its
- * filesystem.
- */
-extern struct mntent *
-findMountPoint(const char* name, const char* table)
-{
-	struct stat	s;
-	dev_t			mountDevice;
-	FILE *			mountTable;
-	struct mntent *	mountEntry;
-
-	if ( stat(name, &s) != 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	if ( (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK )
-		mountDevice = s.st_rdev;
-	else
-		mountDevice = s.st_dev;
-
-	
-	if ( (mountTable = setmntent(table, "r")) == 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	while ( (mountEntry = getmntent(mountTable)) != 0 ) {
-		if ( strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_dir) == 0
-		 || strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_fsname) == 0 )	/* String match. */
-			break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_fsname, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_rdev == mountDevice )	/* Match the device. */
-				break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_dir, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_dev == mountDevice )	/* Match the directory's mount point. */
-			break;
-	}
-	endmntent(mountTable);
-	return mountEntry;
-}
-
-
diff --git a/cp.c b/cp.c
index 4cdfc843b..94b4ab024 100644
--- a/cp.c
+++ b/cp.c
@@ -47,43 +47,9 @@ static int fileAction(const char *fileName)
     char newdestName[NAME_MAX];
     strcpy(newdestName, destName);
     strcat(newdestName, fileName+(strlen(srcName)));
-    fprintf(stderr, "A: copying %s to %s\n", fileName, newdestName);
     return (copyFile(fileName, newdestName, preserveFlag, followLinks));
 }
 
-static int dirAction(const char *fileName)
-{
-    char newdestName[NAME_MAX];
-    struct stat statBuf;
-    struct  utimbuf times;
-
-    strcpy(newdestName, destName);
-    strcat(newdestName, fileName+(strlen(srcName)));
-    if (stat(newdestName, &statBuf)) {
-	if (mkdir( newdestName, 0777777 ^ umask (0))) {
-	    perror(newdestName);
-	    return( FALSE);
-	}
-    }
-    else if (!S_ISDIR (statBuf.st_mode)) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "`%s' exists but is not a directory", newdestName);
-	return( FALSE);
-    }
-    if (preserveFlag==TRUE) {
-	/* Try to preserve premissions, but don't whine on failure */
-	if (stat(newdestName, &statBuf)) {
-	    perror(newdestName);
-	    return( FALSE);
-	}
-	chmod(newdestName, statBuf.st_mode);
-	chown(newdestName, statBuf.st_uid, statBuf.st_gid);
-	times.actime = statBuf.st_atime;
-	times.modtime = statBuf.st_mtime;
-	utime(newdestName, &times);
-    }
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
 extern int cp_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 
diff --git a/descend.c b/descend.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ada7b4fc..000000000
--- a/descend.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-
-static int 
-noDots(const struct dirent * e)
-{
-	if ( e->d_name[0] == '.'
-	 && (e->d_name[1] == '\0'
-	  || (e->d_name[1] == '.' && e->d_name[2] == '\0')) )
-		return 0;
-	else
-		return 1;
-}
-
-extern int
-descend(
- struct FileInfo *oldInfo
-,int 		(*function)(const struct FileInfo * i))
-{
-	char			pathname[1024];
-	struct dirent * *	names;
-	struct dirent * *	n;
-	int			length;
-	char *			filename;
-	int			status = 0;
-	int			count;
-
-	if ( *oldInfo->source == '\0' ) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	if ( oldInfo->stat.st_dev == 0
-	 && oldInfo->stat.st_ino == 0
-	 && oldInfo->stat.st_mode == 0 ) {
-		if ( lstat(oldInfo->source, &oldInfo->stat) != 0 )
-			return -1;
-		oldInfo->isSymbolicLink = ((oldInfo->stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK);
-
-		if ( oldInfo->isSymbolicLink )
-			if ( stat(oldInfo->source, &oldInfo->stat) != 0 )
-				memset((void *)&oldInfo->stat, 0, sizeof(oldInfo->stat));
-	}
-
-	if ( !oldInfo->processDirectoriesAfterTheirContents ) {
-		if ( function )
-			status = (*function)(oldInfo);
-		if ( status == 0 )
-			status = post_process(oldInfo);
-	}
-
-	if ( (count = scandir(oldInfo->source, &names, noDots, alphasort)) < 0 )
-		return -1;
-
-	length = strlen(oldInfo->source);
-	if ( oldInfo->source[length-1] == '/' )
-		length--;
-
-	memcpy(pathname, oldInfo->source, length+1);
-	pathname[length] = '/';
-	filename = &pathname[length+1];
-	
-	n = names;
-	while ( count-- > 0 ) {
-		struct FileInfo		i = *oldInfo;
-
-		strcpy(filename, (*n)->d_name);
-		free(*n++);
-
-		if ( lstat(pathname, &i.stat) != 0 && errno != ENOENT ) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "Can't stat %s: %s\n", pathname, strerror(errno));
-			return -1;
-		}
-		i.isSymbolicLink = ((i.stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK);
-
-		if ( i.isSymbolicLink )
-			if ( stat(pathname, &i.stat) != 0 )
-				memset((void *)&i.stat, 0, sizeof(i.stat));
-
-		i.source = pathname;
-
-		if ( i.dyadic ) {
-			char	d[1024];
-
-			i.destination = join_paths(d, i.destination, &i.source[i.directoryLength]);
-		}
-		else
-			i.destination = i.source;
-
-		 if ( !i.isSymbolicLink && (i.stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
-			status = descend(&i, function);
-		else {
-			if ( function )
-				status = (*function)(&i);
-			if ( status == 0 )
-				status = post_process(&i);
-		}
-
-		if ( !i.processDirectoriesAfterTheirContents
-		 && status == 0
-		 && (i.stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
-			descend(&i, function);
-
-		if ( status != 0 && !i.force ) {
-			while ( count-- > 0 )
-				free(*n++);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	free(names);
-
-	if ( oldInfo->processDirectoriesAfterTheirContents ) {
-		if ( function )
-			status = (*function)(oldInfo);
-		if ( status == 0 )
-			status = post_process(oldInfo);
-	}
-
-	return status;
-}
diff --git a/df.c b/df.c
index 8cc93814b..a777d70f4 100644
--- a/df.c
+++ b/df.c
@@ -43,6 +43,50 @@ df(char* device, const char * mountPoint)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Given a block device, find the mount table entry if that block device
+ * is mounted.
+ *
+ * Given any other file (or directory), find the mount table entry for its
+ * filesystem.
+ */
+extern struct mntent *
+findMountPoint(const char* name, const char* table)
+{
+	struct stat	s;
+	dev_t			mountDevice;
+	FILE *			mountTable;
+	struct mntent *	mountEntry;
+
+	if ( stat(name, &s) != 0 )
+		return 0;
+
+	if ( (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK )
+		mountDevice = s.st_rdev;
+	else
+		mountDevice = s.st_dev;
+
+	
+	if ( (mountTable = setmntent(table, "r")) == 0 )
+		return 0;
+
+	while ( (mountEntry = getmntent(mountTable)) != 0 ) {
+		if ( strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_dir) == 0
+		 || strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_fsname) == 0 )	/* String match. */
+			break;
+		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_fsname, &s) == 0
+		 && s.st_rdev == mountDevice )	/* Match the device. */
+				break;
+		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_dir, &s) == 0
+		 && s.st_dev == mountDevice )	/* Match the directory's mount point. */
+			break;
+	}
+	endmntent(mountTable);
+	return mountEntry;
+}
+
+
+
 extern int
 df_main(int argc, char * * argv)
 {
@@ -90,47 +134,3 @@ df_main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
 
 
-
-/*
- * Given a block device, find the mount table entry if that block device
- * is mounted.
- *
- * Given any other file (or directory), find the mount table entry for its
- * filesystem.
- */
-extern struct mntent *
-findMountPoint(const char* name, const char* table)
-{
-	struct stat	s;
-	dev_t			mountDevice;
-	FILE *			mountTable;
-	struct mntent *	mountEntry;
-
-	if ( stat(name, &s) != 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	if ( (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK )
-		mountDevice = s.st_rdev;
-	else
-		mountDevice = s.st_dev;
-
-	
-	if ( (mountTable = setmntent(table, "r")) == 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	while ( (mountEntry = getmntent(mountTable)) != 0 ) {
-		if ( strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_dir) == 0
-		 || strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_fsname) == 0 )	/* String match. */
-			break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_fsname, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_rdev == mountDevice )	/* Match the device. */
-				break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_dir, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_dev == mountDevice )	/* Match the directory's mount point. */
-			break;
-	}
-	endmntent(mountTable);
-	return mountEntry;
-}
-
-
diff --git a/dyadic.c b/dyadic.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 8136bb573..000000000
--- a/dyadic.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-extern int
-dyadic_main(
- struct FileInfo *	i
-,int				argc
-,char * *			argv)
-{
-	int		flags;
-
-	i->dyadic = 1;
-	i->destination = argv[argc - 1];
-
-	for ( flags = 0; flags < (argc - 1) && argv[flags + 1][0] == '-' ; flags++ )
-		;
-	if ( argc - flags < 3 ) {
-		usage(i->applet->usage);
-		return 1;
-	}
-	else if ( argc - flags > 3 ) {
-		if ( !is_a_directory(i->destination) ) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s: not a directory.\n", i->destination);
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return monadic_main(i, argc - 1, argv);
-}
diff --git a/findmount.c b/findmount.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 26e28fcd3..000000000
--- a/findmount.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-/*
- * Given a block device, find the mount table entry if that block device
- * is mounted.
- *
- * Given any other file (or directory), find the mount table entry for its
- * filesystem.
- */
-extern struct mntent *
-findMountPoint(const char * name, const char * table)
-{
-	struct stat	s;
-	dev_t			mountDevice;
-	FILE *			mountTable;
-	struct mntent *	mountEntry;
-
-	if ( stat(name, &s) != 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	if ( (s.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFBLK )
-		mountDevice = s.st_rdev;
-	else
-		mountDevice = s.st_dev;
-
-	
-	if ( (mountTable = setmntent(table, "r")) == 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	while ( (mountEntry = getmntent(mountTable)) != 0 ) {
-		if ( strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_dir) == 0
-		 || strcmp(name, mountEntry->mnt_fsname) == 0 )	/* String match. */
-			break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_fsname, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_rdev == mountDevice )	/* Match the device. */
-				break;
-		if ( stat(mountEntry->mnt_dir, &s) == 0
-		 && s.st_dev == mountDevice )	/* Match the directory's mount point. */
-			break;
-	}
-	endmntent(mountTable);
-	return mountEntry;
-}
diff --git a/internal.h b/internal.h
index d36d218a9..a67c22339 100644
--- a/internal.h
+++ b/internal.h
@@ -49,49 +49,11 @@
 
 
 
-struct FileInfo {
-	unsigned int	complainInPostProcess:1;
-	unsigned int	changeUserID:1;
-	unsigned int	changeGroupID:1;
-	unsigned int	changeMode:1;
-	unsigned int	create:1;
-	unsigned int	force:1;
-	unsigned int	recursive:1;
-	unsigned int	processDirectoriesAfterTheirContents;
-	unsigned int	makeParentDirectories:1;
-	unsigned int	didOperation:1;
-	unsigned int	isSymbolicLink:1;
-	unsigned int	makeSymbolicLink:1;
-	unsigned int	dyadic:1;
-	const char*	source;
-	const char*	destination;
-	int				directoryLength;
-	uid_t			userID;
-	gid_t			groupID;
-	mode_t			andWithMode;
-	mode_t			orWithMode;
-	struct stat		stat;
-	const struct Applet *
-					applet;
-};
-
 struct Applet {
 	const	char*	name;
 	int	(*main)(int argc, char** argv);
 };
 
-extern void	name_and_error(const char*);
-extern int	is_a_directory(const char*);
-extern char*	join_paths(char *, const char *, const char *);
-
-extern int	descend(
-		 struct FileInfo *o
-		,int 		(*function)(const struct FileInfo * i));
-
-extern struct mntent *
-		findMountPoint(const char*, const char *);
-
-extern void usage(const char*);
 extern int busybox_main(int argc, char** argv);
 extern int block_device_main(int argc, char** argv);
 extern int cat_more_main(int argc, char** argv);
@@ -146,29 +108,6 @@ extern int update_main(int argc, char** argv);
 extern int zcat_main(int argc, char** argv);
 extern int gzip_main(int argc, char** argv);
 
-extern int
-parse_mode(
- const char*	s
-,mode_t *		or
-,mode_t *		and
-,int *			group_execute);
-
-extern int		parse_user_name(const char* string, struct FileInfo * i);
-
-
-/*
- * A chunk of data.
- * Chunks contain data which is allocated as needed, but which is
- * not freed until all of the data needs freeing, such as at
- * the beginning of the next command.
- */
-typedef struct chunk CHUNK;
-#define CHUNK_INIT_SIZE 4
-
-struct chunk {
-    CHUNK *next;
-    char data[CHUNK_INIT_SIZE];	/* actually of varying length */
-};
 
 const char *modeString(int mode);
 const char *timeString(time_t timeVal);
diff --git a/monadic.c b/monadic.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 3c7fac25b..000000000
--- a/monadic.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <grp.h>
-
-extern int
-monadic_main(
- struct FileInfo *	i
-,int				argc
-,char * *			argv)
-{
-	int	status = 0;
-
-	while ( argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == '-' ) {
-		switch ( argv[1][1] ) {
-		case 'c':
-			i->create = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'f':
-			i->force = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'g':
-			if ( argc > 2 ) {
-				struct group *	g;
-				if ( (g = getgrnam(argv[2])) == 0 ) {
-					fprintf(stderr, "%s: no such group.\n", argv[1]);
-					return 1;
-				}
-				i->groupID = g->gr_gid;
-				i->changeGroupID = 1;
-				i->complainInPostProcess = 1;
-				argc--;
-				argv++;
-				break;
-			}
-			usage(i->applet->usage);
-			return 1;
-		case 'm':
-			if ( argc > 2 ) {
-				status = parse_mode(
-				 argv[2]
-				,&i->orWithMode
-				,&i->andWithMode, 0);
-
-				if ( status == 0 ) {
-					i->changeMode = 1;
-					i->complainInPostProcess = 1;
-					argc--;
-					argv++;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			usage(i->applet->usage);
-			return 1;
-		case 'o':
-			if ( argc > 2 ) {
-				status = parse_user_name(argv[2], i);
-				if ( status != 0 )
-					return status;
-
-				i->changeUserID = 1;
-				i->complainInPostProcess = 1;
-				argc--;
-				argv++;
-				break;
-			}
-			usage(i->applet->usage);
-			return 1;
-		case 'p':
-			i->makeParentDirectories = 1;
-			break;
-		case 'r':
-		case 'R':
-			i->recursive = 1;
-			break;
-		case 's':
-			i->makeSymbolicLink = 1;
-			break;
-		default:
-			usage(i->applet->usage);
-			return 1;
-		}
-		argv++;
-		argc--;
-	}
-	while ( argc > 1 ) {
-		char *	slash;
-		i->source = argv[1];
-		if ( (slash = strrchr(i->source, '/')) != 0 ) {
-			i->directoryLength = slash - i->source;
-			if ( i->source[i->directoryLength] == '\0' )
-				i->directoryLength = 0;
-		}
-		else
-			i->directoryLength = 0;
-		if ( !i->dyadic )
-			i->destination = i->source;
-
-		if ( lstat(i->source, &i->stat) == 0 ) {
-			i->isSymbolicLink = (i->stat.st_mode & S_IFMT)==S_IFLNK;
-			if ( i->isSymbolicLink )
-				if ( stat(i->source, &i->stat) != 0 )
-					memset(&i->stat, 0, sizeof(i->stat));
-		}
-		else
-			memset(&i->stat, 0, sizeof(i->stat));
-
-		if ( i->isSymbolicLink
-		 || !i->recursive
-		 || ((i->stat.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFDIR) ) {
-
-			if ( i->applet->function )
-				status = i->applet->function(i);
-			if ( status == 0 )
-				status = post_process(i);
-		}
-		else
-			status = descend(i, i->applet->function);
-
-		if ( status != 0 && !i->force )
-			return status;
-		argv++;
-		argc--;
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
diff --git a/postprocess.c b/postprocess.c
deleted file mode 100644
index bbc87e689..000000000
--- a/postprocess.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-#include "internal.h"
-
-extern int
-post_process(const struct FileInfo * i)
-{
-	int	status = 0;
-
-	if ( i->destination == 0 || *i->destination == 0 )
-		return 0;
-
-	if ( status == 0 && i->changeMode ) {
-		mode_t	mode = i->stat.st_mode & 07777;
-		mode &= i->andWithMode;
-		mode |= i->orWithMode;
-		status = chmod(i->destination, mode);
-
-		if ( status != 0 && i->complainInPostProcess && !i->force ) {
-			name_and_error(i->destination);
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if ( i->changeUserID || i->changeGroupID ) {
-		uid_t	uid = i->stat.st_uid;
-		gid_t	gid = i->stat.st_gid;
-
-		if ( i->changeUserID )
-			uid = i->userID;
-		if ( i->changeGroupID )
-			gid = i->groupID;
-
-		status = chown(i->destination, uid, gid);
-
-		if ( status != 0 && i->complainInPostProcess && !i->force ) {
-			name_and_error(i->destination);
-			return 1;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return status;
-}
diff --git a/utility.c b/utility.c
index 277e27c70..21d69b6e8 100644
--- a/utility.c
+++ b/utility.c
@@ -33,34 +33,190 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#if 0
 
-extern char *join_paths(char *buffer, const char *a, const char *b)
+
+#if defined (BB_CP) || defined (BB_MV)
+/*
+ * Return TRUE if a fileName is a directory.
+ * Nonexistant files return FALSE.
+ */
+int isDirectory(const char *name)
 {
-    int length = 0;
+    struct stat statBuf;
 
-    if (a && *a) {
-	length = strlen(a);
-	memcpy(buffer, a, length);
-    }
-    if (b && *b) {
-	if (length > 0 && buffer[length - 1] != '/')
-	    buffer[length++] = '/';
-	if (*b == '/')
-	    b++;
-	strcpy(&buffer[length], b);
-    }
-    return buffer;
+    if (stat(name, &statBuf) < 0)
+	return FALSE;
+
+    return S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode);
 }
 
+
+/*
+ * Copy one file to another, while possibly preserving its modes, times,
+ * and modes.  Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE on a failure with an
+ * error message output.  (Failure is not indicted if the attributes cannot
+ * be set.)
+ */
+int
+copyFile(
+	 const char *srcName,
+	 const char *destName, int setModes, int followLinks)
+{
+    int rfd;
+    int wfd;
+    int rcc;
+    int result;
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    struct stat srcStatBuf;
+    struct stat dstStatBuf;
+    struct utimbuf times;
+
+    if (followLinks == FALSE)
+	result = stat(srcName, &srcStatBuf);
+    else 
+	result = lstat(srcName, &srcStatBuf);
+
+    if (result < 0) {
+	perror(srcName);
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (followLinks == FALSE)
+	result = stat(destName, &dstStatBuf);
+    else 
+	result = lstat(destName, &dstStatBuf);
+    if (result < 0) {
+	dstStatBuf.st_ino = -1;
+	dstStatBuf.st_dev = -1;
+    }
+
+    if ((srcStatBuf.st_dev == dstStatBuf.st_dev) &&
+	(srcStatBuf.st_ino == dstStatBuf.st_ino)) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "Copying file \"%s\" to itself\n", srcName);
+	return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(srcStatBuf.st_mode)) {
+	//fprintf(stderr, "copying directory %s to %s\n", srcName, destName);
+	/* Make sure the directory is writable */
+	if (mkdir(destName, 0777777 ^ umask(0))) {
+	    perror(destName);
+	    return (FALSE);
+	}
+    } else if (S_ISLNK(srcStatBuf.st_mode)) {
+	char *link_val;
+	int link_size;
+
+	//fprintf(stderr, "copying link %s to %s\n", srcName, destName);
+	link_val = (char *) alloca(PATH_MAX + 2);
+	link_size = readlink(srcName, link_val, PATH_MAX + 1);
+	if (link_size < 0) {
+	    perror(srcName);
+	    return (FALSE);
+	}
+	link_val[link_size] = '\0';
+	if (symlink(link_val, destName)) {
+	    perror(destName);
+	    return (FALSE);
+	}
+    } else if (S_ISFIFO(srcStatBuf.st_mode)) {
+	//fprintf(stderr, "copying fifo %s to %s\n", srcName, destName);
+	if (mkfifo(destName, 644)) {
+	    perror(destName);
+	    return (FALSE);
+	}
+    } else if (S_ISBLK(srcStatBuf.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(srcStatBuf.st_mode) 
+	    || S_ISSOCK (srcStatBuf.st_mode)) {
+	//fprintf(stderr, "copying soc, blk, or chr %s to %s\n", srcName, destName);
+	if (mknod(destName, srcStatBuf.st_mode, srcStatBuf.st_rdev)) {
+	    perror(destName);
+	    return (FALSE);
+	}
+    } else if (S_ISREG(srcStatBuf.st_mode)) {
+	//fprintf(stderr, "copying regular file %s to %s\n", srcName, destName);
+	rfd = open(srcName, O_RDONLY);
+	if (rfd < 0) {
+	    perror(srcName);
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+
+	wfd = creat(destName, srcStatBuf.st_mode);
+	if (wfd < 0) {
+	    perror(destName);
+	    close(rfd);
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+
+	while ((rcc = read(rfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
+	    if (fullWrite(wfd, buf, rcc) < 0)
+		goto error_exit;
+	}
+	if (rcc < 0) {
+	    goto error_exit;
+	}
+
+	close(rfd);
+	if (close(wfd) < 0) {
+	    return FALSE;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (setModes == TRUE) {
+	//fprintf(stderr, "Setting permissions for %s\n", destName);
+	chmod(destName, srcStatBuf.st_mode);
+	if (followLinks == TRUE)
+	    chown(destName, srcStatBuf.st_uid, srcStatBuf.st_gid);
+	else
+	    lchown(destName, srcStatBuf.st_uid, srcStatBuf.st_gid);
+
+	times.actime = srcStatBuf.st_atime;
+	times.modtime = srcStatBuf.st_mtime;
+
+	utime(destName, &times);
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+
+
+  error_exit:
+    //fprintf(stderr, "choking on %s\n", destName);
+    perror(destName);
+    close(rfd);
+    close(wfd);
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
 #endif
 
 
+#ifdef BB_MV
+/*
+ * Build a path name from the specified directory name and file name.
+ * If the directory name is NULL, then the original fileName is returned.
+ * The built path is in a static area, and is overwritten for each call.
+ */
+char *buildName(const char *dirName, const char *fileName)
+{
+    const char *cp;
+    static char buf[PATH_LEN];
 
+    if ((dirName == NULL) || (*dirName == '\0')) {
+	strcpy(buf, fileName);
+	return buf;
+    }
 
+    cp = strrchr(fileName, '/');
 
+    if (cp)
+	fileName = cp + 1;
+
+    strcpy(buf, dirName);
+    strcat(buf, "/");
+
+    return buf;
+}
+#endif
 
-static CHUNK *chunkList;
 
 
 /*
@@ -129,282 +285,7 @@ const char *modeString(int mode)
 }
 
 
-/*
- * Return TRUE if a fileName is a directory.
- * Nonexistant files return FALSE.
- */
-int isDirectory(const char *name)
-{
-    struct stat statBuf;
-
-    if (stat(name, &statBuf) < 0)
-	return FALSE;
-
-    return S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Return TRUE if a filename is a block or character device.
- * Nonexistant files return FALSE.
- */
-int isDevice(const char *name)
-{
-    struct stat statBuf;
-
-    if (stat(name, &statBuf) < 0)
-	return FALSE;
-
-    return S_ISBLK(statBuf.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(statBuf.st_mode);
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Copy one file to another, while possibly preserving its modes, times,
- * and modes.  Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE on a failure with an
- * error message output.  (Failure is not indicted if the attributes cannot
- * be set.)
- */
-int
-copyFile(
-	 const char *srcName,
-	 const char *destName, int setModes, int followLinks)
-{
-    int rfd;
-    int wfd;
-    int rcc;
-    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
-    struct stat statBuf1;
-    struct stat statBuf2;
-    struct utimbuf times;
-
-    if (stat(srcName, &statBuf1) < 0) {
-	perror(srcName);
-	return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    if (stat(destName, &statBuf2) < 0) {
-	statBuf2.st_ino = -1;
-	statBuf2.st_dev = -1;
-    }
-
-    if ((statBuf1.st_dev == statBuf2.st_dev) &&
-	(statBuf1.st_ino == statBuf2.st_ino)) {
-	fprintf(stderr, "Copying file \"%s\" to itself\n", srcName);
-	return FALSE;
-    }
-
-    if (S_ISDIR(statBuf1.st_mode)) {
-	/* Make sure the directory is writable */
-	if (mkdir(destName, 0777777 ^ umask(0))) {
-	    perror(destName);
-	    return (FALSE);
-	}
-    } else if (S_ISFIFO(statBuf1.st_mode)) {
-	if (mkfifo(destName, 644)) {
-	    perror(destName);
-	    return (FALSE);
-	}
-    } else if (S_ISBLK(statBuf1.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(statBuf1.st_mode)) {
-	if (mknod(destName, 644, statBuf1.st_rdev)) {
-	    perror(destName);
-	    return (FALSE);
-	}
-    } else if (S_ISLNK(statBuf1.st_mode)) {
-	char *link_val;
-	int link_size;
-
-	link_val = (char *) alloca(PATH_MAX + 2);
-	link_size = readlink(srcName, link_val, PATH_MAX + 1);
-	if (link_size < 0) {
-	    perror(srcName);
-	    return (FALSE);
-	}
-	link_val[link_size] = '\0';
-	if (symlink(link_val, destName)) {
-	    perror(srcName);
-	    return (FALSE);
-	}
-    } else {
-	rfd = open(srcName, O_RDONLY);
-	if (rfd < 0) {
-	    perror(srcName);
-	    return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	wfd = creat(destName, statBuf1.st_mode);
-	if (wfd < 0) {
-	    perror(destName);
-	    close(rfd);
-	    return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	while ((rcc = read(rfd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
-	    if (fullWrite(wfd, buf, rcc) < 0)
-		goto error_exit;
-	}
-	if (rcc < 0) {
-	    perror(srcName);
-	    goto error_exit;
-	}
-
-	close(rfd);
-
-	if (close(wfd) < 0) {
-	    perror(destName);
-	    return FALSE;
-	}
-    }
-
-    if (setModes == TRUE) {
-	chmod(destName, statBuf1.st_mode);
-	if (followLinks == TRUE)
-	    chown(destName, statBuf1.st_uid, statBuf1.st_gid);
-	else
-	    lchown(destName, statBuf1.st_uid, statBuf1.st_gid);
-
-	times.actime = statBuf1.st_atime;
-	times.modtime = statBuf1.st_mtime;
-
-	utime(destName, &times);
-    }
-
-    return TRUE;
-
-
-  error_exit:
-    close(rfd);
-    close(wfd);
-
-    return FALSE;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Build a path name from the specified directory name and file name.
- * If the directory name is NULL, then the original fileName is returned.
- * The built path is in a static area, and is overwritten for each call.
- */
-char *buildName(const char *dirName, const char *fileName)
-{
-    const char *cp;
-    static char buf[PATH_LEN];
-
-    if ((dirName == NULL) || (*dirName == '\0')) {
-	strcpy(buf, fileName);
-	return buf;
-    }
-
-    cp = strrchr(fileName, '/');
-
-    if (cp)
-	fileName = cp + 1;
-
-    strcpy(buf, dirName);
-    strcat(buf, "/");
-
-    return buf;
-}
-
-
-
-/*
- * Make a NULL-terminated string out of an argc, argv pair.
- * Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the string is too long,
- * with an error message given.  This does not handle spaces within
- * arguments correctly.
- */
-int makeString( int argc, const char **argv, char *buf, int bufLen)
-{
-    int len;
-
-    while (argc-- > 0) {
-	len = strlen(*argv);
-
-	if (len >= bufLen) {
-	    fprintf(stderr, "Argument string too long\n");
-
-	    return FALSE;
-	}
-
-	strcpy(buf, *argv++);
-
-	buf += len;
-	bufLen -= len;
-
-	if (argc)
-	    *buf++ = ' ';
-
-	bufLen--;
-    }
-
-    *buf = '\0';
-
-    return TRUE;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Allocate a chunk of memory (like malloc).
- * The difference, though, is that the memory allocated is put on a
- * list of chunks which can be freed all at one time.  You CAN NOT free
- * an individual chunk.
- */
-char *getChunk(int size)
-{
-    CHUNK *chunk;
-
-    if (size < CHUNK_INIT_SIZE)
-	size = CHUNK_INIT_SIZE;
-
-    chunk = (CHUNK *) malloc(size + sizeof(CHUNK) - CHUNK_INIT_SIZE);
-
-    if (chunk == NULL)
-	return NULL;
-
-    chunk->next = chunkList;
-    chunkList = chunk;
-
-    return chunk->data;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Duplicate a string value using the chunk allocator.
- * The returned string cannot be individually freed, but can only be freed
- * with other strings when freeChunks is called.  Returns NULL on failure.
- */
-char *chunkstrdup(const char *str)
-{
-    int len;
-    char *newStr;
-
-    len = strlen(str) + 1;
-    newStr = getChunk(len);
-
-    if (newStr)
-	memcpy(newStr, str, len);
-
-    return newStr;
-}
-
-
-/*
- * Free all chunks of memory that had been allocated since the last
- * call to this routine.
- */
-void freeChunks(void)
-{
-    CHUNK *chunk;
-
-    while (chunkList) {
-	chunk = chunkList;
-	chunkList = chunk->next;
-	free((char *) chunk);
-    }
-}
-
-
+#ifdef BB_TAR
 /*
  * Get the time string to be used for a file.
  * This is down to the minute for new files, but only the date for old files.
@@ -577,8 +458,10 @@ int fullRead(int fd, char *buf, int len)
 
     return total;
 }
+#endif
 
 
+#if defined (BB_CHOWN) || defined (BB_CP) || defined (BB_FIND) || defined (BB_LS)
 /*
  * Walk down all the directories under the specified 
  * location, and do something (something specified
@@ -618,7 +501,6 @@ recursiveAction(const char *fileName, int recurse, int followLinks,
 
     if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
 	DIR *dir;
-	fprintf(stderr, "Dir: %s\n", fileName);
 	dir = opendir(fileName);
 	if (!dir) {
 	    perror(fileName);
@@ -627,7 +509,7 @@ recursiveAction(const char *fileName, int recurse, int followLinks,
 	if (dirAction != NULL) {
 	    status = dirAction(fileName);
 	    if (status == FALSE) {
-		perror("cp");
+		perror(fileName);
 		return (FALSE);
 	    }
 	}
@@ -652,7 +534,6 @@ recursiveAction(const char *fileName, int recurse, int followLinks,
 	    return (FALSE);
 	}
     } else {
-	fprintf(stderr, "File: %s\n", fileName);
 	if (fileAction == NULL)
 	    return (TRUE);
 	else
@@ -661,6 +542,6 @@ recursiveAction(const char *fileName, int recurse, int followLinks,
     return (TRUE);
 }
 
-
+#endif
 
 /* END CODE */