247 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
247 lines
7.3 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)whois.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/whois/whois.1,v 1.32 2004/06/14 17:30:46 bms Exp $
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.\"
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.TH WHOIS 1 "June 14, 2004" "" "Commands and Applications"
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.SH NAME
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.BR whois
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\- Internet domain name and network number directory service
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.BR whois
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.RB [ -aAbdgiIlmQrR6 ]
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[
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.BI -c country-code
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.BI -h host
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]
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[
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.BI -p port
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]
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.BR name ...
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.BR whois
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utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several
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Network Information Centers
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(NICs).
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.LP
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The options are as follows:
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.RS
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.B -6
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Use the IPv6 Resource Center (6bone) database.
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It contains network names and addresses for the IPv6 network.
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.B -A
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Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center (APNIC) database.
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It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia,
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New Zealand, and the Pacific islands.
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.B -a
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Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) database.
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It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world covered
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neither by APNIC nor by RIPE.
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.LP
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(Hint: All point of contact handles in the ARIN
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whois database end with "-ARIN".)
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.LP
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.B -b
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Use the Network Abuse Clearinghouse database.
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It contains addresses to which network abuse should be reported,
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indexed by domain name.
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.BI -c country-code
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This is the equivalent of using the
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.B -h
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option with an argument of
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"
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.IR country-code .whois-servers.net
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".
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.B -d
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Use the US Department of Defense
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database.
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It contains points of contact for subdomains of
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.IR MIL .
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.B -g
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Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of
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contact for subdomains of
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.IR .GOV .
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.BI -h host
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Use the specified host instead of the default variant.
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Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.
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.LP
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By default
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.BR whois
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constructs the name of a whois server to use from the top-level domain
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(TLD) of the supplied (single) argument, and appending
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".whois-servers.net".
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This effectively allows a suitable whois server to be selected
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automatically for a large number of TLDs.
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.LP
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In the event that an IP
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address is specified, the whois server will default to the American
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Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN).
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If a query to ARIN
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references APNIC, LACNIC, or RIPE,
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that server will be queried also, provided that the
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.B -Q
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option is not specified.
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.LP
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If the query is not a domain name or IP address,
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.BR whois
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will fall back to
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.IR whois.crsnic.net .
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.B -I
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Use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) database.
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It contains network information for top-level domains.
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.B -i
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Use the Network Solutions Registry for Internet Numbers
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.RI ( whois.networksolutions.com )
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information for most of
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.IR .COM , .NET , .ORG and .EDU
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domains.
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.LP
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.BR NOTE !
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The registration of these domains is now done
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by a number of independent and competing registrars.
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This database holds no information on domains registered by organizations
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other than Network Solutions, Inc.
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Also, note that the
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InterNIC
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database
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.RI ( whois.internic.net )
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is no longer handled by Network Solutions, Inc.
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For details, see
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.IR http://www.internic.net/ .
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.LP
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(Hint: Contact information, identified by the term
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.IR handle ,
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can be looked up by prefixing "handle" to the NIC
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handle in the query.)
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.B -l
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Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry
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(LACNIC) database.
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It contains network numbers used in much of Latin America and the
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Caribbean.
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.B -m
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Use the Route Arbiter Database (RADB) database.
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It contains route policy specifications for a large
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number of operators' networks.
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.BI -p port
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Connect to the whois server on
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.BR port .
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If this option is not specified,
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.BR whois
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defaults to port 43.
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.B -Q
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Do a quick lookup. This means that
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.BR whois
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will not attempt to lookup the name in the authoritative whois
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server (if one is listed).
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This option has no effect when combined with any other options.
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.B -R
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Use the Russia Network Information Center (RIPN) database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for subdomains of
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.IR .RU .
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This option is deprecated; use the
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.BR -c
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option with an argument of "RU"
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instead.
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.B -r
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Use the R\(aaeseaux IP Europ\(aaeens
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(RIPE) database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Europe.
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.RE
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.LP
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The operands specified to
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.BR whois
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are treated independently and may be used
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as queries on different whois servers.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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Most types of data, such as domain names and IP
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addresses, can be used as arguments to
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.BR whois
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without any options, and
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.BR whois
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will choose the correct whois server to query.
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Some exceptions, where
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.BR whois
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will not be able to handle data correctly, are detailed below.
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.LP
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To obtain contact information about an
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administrator located in the Russian
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TLD domain
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"RU",
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use the
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.BR -c
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option as shown in the following example, where
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.I CONTACT-ID
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is substituted with the actual contact identifier.
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.LP
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.nf
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whois \-c RU CONTACT-ID
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\.fi
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.LP
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(Note: This example is specific to the TLD
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"RU", but other TLDs
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can be queried by using a similar syntax.)
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.LP
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The following example demonstrates how to obtain information about an
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IPv6
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address or hostname using the
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.BR -6
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option, which directs the query to 6bone.
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.LP
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.nf
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whois \-6 IPv6-IP-Address
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\.fi
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.LP
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The following example demonstrates how to query
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a whois server using a non-standard port, where
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``query-data'' is the query to be sent to
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``whois.example.com''
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on port ``rwhois''
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(written numerically as 4321).
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.LP
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.nf
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whois \-h whois.example.com \-p rwhois query-data
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.fi
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.SH SEE ALSO
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Ken Harrenstien and Vic White,
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.IR NICNAME/WHOIS
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, 1 March 1982 RFC 812
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.SH HISTORY
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The
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.BR whois
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command appeared in BSD 4.3
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