The controls and indicators on the Programmer’s Console provide manual control and indicate the program conditions of the PDP-8/E. Controls on the Programmer’s Console provide the operator with the hardware to start, stop, examine, modify, or continue a program. The indicators on the console provide a visual indication of the machine status and current program, the contents of the major registers, and the condition of the control flip-flops. A lighted indicator denotes the presence of a binary 1 in a specific register bit position or control flip-flop. The table below lists the functions of controls and indicators. The controls are divided into two groups; switches and keys. Keys are momentary, or spring-return, switches.
Control or Indicator | Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Off / Power / Panel Lock | This is a key operated switch. In the counter-clockwise, or OFF, position, the switch disconnects all primary power to the machiine. In the POWER, or straight up position, it enables all manual controls and applies primary computer power. In the PANEL LOCK or clockwise position, it disables all keys and switches with the exception of the Switch Register and the SW switch. In this position, a running program is protected from inadvertent switch operation and all panel indicators except the RUN light are turned off. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SW | When this switch is up, the line on the OMNIBUS called SW is high; when the lever is down, the line is low. This switch is used by special peripheral controls, such as the Bootstrap Loader. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Switch Register Switches (SR) |
These 12 switches provide a means of communication between operator and machine. They allow a 12-bit word to be input. When the switch is up, it designates a binary 1 to the machine; switch down is a 0. These switches are used during manual functions or under program control. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Load Address Key (ADDR LOAD) |
This key loads the contents of the Switch Register into the CPMA and forces Fetch to be set (no Major States while the Load Address Key is depressed). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extended Address Load (EXTD ADDR LOAD) |
This switch loads the contents of SR(6–11) into the Data Field and Instruction Field registers of the Memory Extension Control. SR(9–11) goes to Data Field 0–2, SR(6–8) goes to Instruction Field 0–2. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clear Key (CLEAR) | This key issues an Initialize Pulse, clearing the AC, Link, Interrupt system, and I/O Flags. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continue Key (CONT) | This key resumes the computer program by issuing a Memory Start and setting the Run flip-flop. The word stored at the address currently held by the CPMA is taken as the first instruction. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Examine Key (EXAM) | Puts the contents of core memory at the address specified by the contents of the CPMA into the MB. Then the contents of the PC and CPMA are incremented by one to allow examination of the contents of sequential core memory addresses by repeating the operation of the Examine switch. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Halt Switch (HALT) | This switch clears the Run flip-flop and and causes the machine to stop at TS1 of the next Fetch cycle. This switch is also used for single instruction stepping. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single Step Switch (SING STEP) |
This switch clears the Run flip-flop and causes the machine to stop at TS1 of the next cycle. Thereafter, repeated depressing of the Continue key steps the program one cycle at a time, so that the contents of registers can be observed in each state. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposit Key (DEP) | Loads the contents of the SR into the MB and core memory at the address given by the current contents of the CPMA. Then the contents of the PC and CPMA are incremented by one. This allows storing of information in sequential memory addresses by repeated operation of the Deposit switch. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indicator Selector Switch |
This is a six-position rotary switch, used to select a register for display. The six
positions are as follows:
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Memory Address | Indicates the contents of the memory address which will be accessed next. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
EMA | Indicates which Extended Memory field is being accessed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Run Light | When lit means machine’s timing is enabled and capable of executing instructions. |
The simulated KC8-EA has some limitations and extensions compared to a hardware KC8-EA:
⌥w | Operate the SW switch |
⌥0,…,⌥9, ⌥a, ⌥b | Operate the corresponding switch of the Switch Register |
⌥l | Operate the Load Address key |
⌥x | Operate the Extended Address Load key |
⌥c | Operate the Clear key |
⌥t | Operate the Continue key |
⌥e | Operate the Examine key |
⌥h | Operate the Halt switch |
⌥s | Operate the Single Step switch |
⌥d | Operate the Deposit key |
⌥< | Turn the Indicator Selector switch anticlockwise |
⌥> | Turn the Power key clockwise |