diff --git a/macos/errors.h b/macos/errors.h
index f24845f..ff3f0f1 100644
--- a/macos/errors.h
+++ b/macos/errors.h
@@ -577,6 +577,20 @@ namespace MacOS {
     {
         return std::error_condition(static_cast<int>(e), macos_system_category());
     }
+
+    inline void throw_macos_error(int e)
+    {
+        throw std::system_error(e, macos_system_category());
+    }
+    inline void throw_macos_error(int e, const char *what)
+    {
+        throw std::system_error(e, macos_system_category(), what);
+    }
+    inline void throw_macos_error(int e, const std::string &what)
+    {
+        throw std::system_error(e, macos_system_category(), what);
+    }
+
 }
 
 namespace std {
diff --git a/macos/tool_return.h b/macos/tool_return.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b9ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macos/tool_return.h
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#ifndef __tool_return__
+#define __tool_return__
+
+#include "errors.h"
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace MacOS {
+
+	namespace internal {
+
+		class tool_return_base
+		{
+			protected:
+			macos_error _error;
+
+			tool_return_base() : _error(static_cast<macos_error>(0))
+			{}
+
+			tool_return_base(macos_error error) : _error(error)
+			{}
+
+			public:
+
+			macos_error error() const
+			{
+				return _error;
+			}
+
+
+			template<class... Args>
+			void throw_macos_error(Args&&... args) const
+			{
+				if (_error) MacOS::throw_macos_error(_error, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+			}
+
+		};
+	} // namespace
+
+	template<class T>
+	class tool_return : public internal::tool_return_base
+	{
+		private:
+		T _value;
+
+		tool_return() = delete;
+
+		operator T() const
+		{
+			return _value;
+		}
+
+		public:
+
+		tool_return(T value) : _value(value)
+		{}
+
+		tool_return(macos_error error) : tool_return_base(error)
+		{}
+
+
+		tool_return &operator=(T value)
+		{
+			_value = value;
+			_error = 0;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		tool_return &operator=(macos_error error)
+		{
+			_value = T();
+			_error = error;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		
+		constexpr const T* operator->() const
+		{
+			return &_value;
+		}
+
+		
+		constexpr const T& operator *() const
+		{
+			return _value;
+		}
+
+
+		T value() const
+		{
+			return _value;
+		}
+
+		template<class U>
+		T value_or(U&& u) const
+		{
+			if (_error) return u;
+			return _value;
+		}
+
+		template<class... Args>
+		T value_or_throw(Args&&... args) const
+		{
+			if (_error) throw_macos_error(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+			return _value;
+		}
+
+
+
+
+
+	};
+
+	template<>
+	class tool_return<void> : public internal::tool_return_base
+	{
+		public:
+
+		tool_return() 
+		{}
+
+		tool_return(macos_error error) : tool_return_base(error)
+		{}
+
+		tool_return &operator=(macos_error error)
+		{
+			_error = error;
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+
+	};
+
+
+} // namespace IIgs
+#endif