#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define circ(buffer, offset) ((buffer)[(offset) % sizeof(buffer)])


const int lookup_size = 2;
const int thresh_n = 3;
const int max_n = 18; // Four bits of lookup





/**************************************************************
 LZSS.C -- A Data Compression Program
***************************************************************
	4/6/1989 Haruhiko Okumura
	Use, distribute, and modify this program freely.
	Please send me your improved versions.
		PC-VAN      SCIENCE
		NIFTY-Serve PAF01022
		CompuServe  74050,1022
**************************************************************/

#define N         4096  /* size of ring buffer - must be power of 2 */
#define F         18    /* upper limit for match_length */
#define THRESHOLD 2     /* encode string into position and length
						   if match_length is greater than this */
#define NIL       N     /* index for root of binary search trees */

struct encode_state {
	/*
	 * left & right children & parent. These constitute binary search trees.
	 */
	int lchild[N + 1], rchild[N + 257], parent[N + 1];

	/* ring buffer of size N, with extra F-1 bytes to aid string comparison */
	uint8_t text_buf[N + F - 1];

	/*
	 * match_length of longest match.
	 * These are set by the insert_node() procedure.
	 */
	int match_position, match_length;
};


int
decompress_lzss(uint8_t *dst, uint8_t *src, uint32_t srclen)
{
	/* ring buffer of size N, with extra F-1 bytes to aid string comparison */
	uint8_t text_buf[N + F - 1];
	uint8_t *dststart = dst;
	uint8_t *srcend = src + srclen;
	int  i, j, k, r, c;
	unsigned int flags;
	
	dst = dststart;
	srcend = src + srclen;
	for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++)
		text_buf[i] = ' ';
	r = N - F;
	flags = 0;
	for ( ; ; ) {
		if (((flags >>= 1) & 0x100) == 0) {
			if (src < srcend) c = *src++; else break;
			flags = c | 0xFF00;  /* uses higher byte cleverly */
		}   /* to count eight */
		if (flags & 1) {
			if (src < srcend) c = *src++; else break;
			*dst++ = c;
			text_buf[r++] = c;
			r &= (N - 1);
		} else {
			if (src < srcend) i = *src++; else break;
			if (src < srcend) j = *src++; else break;
			i |= ((j & 0xF0) << 4);
			j  =  (j & 0x0F) + THRESHOLD;
			for (k = 0; k <= j; k++) {
				c = text_buf[(i + k) & (N - 1)];
				*dst++ = c;
				text_buf[r++] = c;
				r &= (N - 1);
			}
		}
	}
	
	return dst - dststart;
}

/*
 * initialize state, mostly the trees
 *
 * For i = 0 to N - 1, rchild[i] and lchild[i] will be the right and left 
 * children of node i.  These nodes need not be initialized.  Also, parent[i] 
 * is the parent of node i.  These are initialized to NIL (= N), which stands 
 * for 'not used.'  For i = 0 to 255, rchild[N + i + 1] is the root of the 
 * tree for strings that begin with character i.  These are initialized to NIL. 
 * Note there are 256 trees. */
static void init_state(struct encode_state *sp)
{
	int  i;

	memset(sp, 0, sizeof(*sp));

	for (i = 0; i < N - F; i++)
		sp->text_buf[i] = ' ';
	for (i = N + 1; i <= N + 256; i++)
		sp->rchild[i] = NIL;
	for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
		sp->parent[i] = NIL;
}

/*
 * Inserts string of length F, text_buf[r..r+F-1], into one of the trees
 * (text_buf[r]'th tree) and returns the longest-match position and length
 * via the global variables match_position and match_length.
 * If match_length = F, then removes the old node in favor of the new one,
 * because the old one will be deleted sooner. Note r plays double role,
 * as tree node and position in buffer.
 */
static void insert_node(struct encode_state *sp, int r)
{
	int  i, p, cmp;
	uint8_t  *key;

	cmp = 1;
	key = &sp->text_buf[r];
	p = N + 1 + key[0];
	sp->rchild[r] = sp->lchild[r] = NIL;
	sp->match_length = 0;
	for ( ; ; ) {
		if (cmp >= 0) {
			if (sp->rchild[p] != NIL)
				p = sp->rchild[p];
			else {
				sp->rchild[p] = r; 
				sp->parent[r] = p;
				return;
			}
		} else {
			if (sp->lchild[p] != NIL)
				p = sp->lchild[p];
			else {
				sp->lchild[p] = r;
				sp->parent[r] = p;
				return;
			}
		}
		for (i = 1; i < F; i++) {
			if ((cmp = key[i] - sp->text_buf[p + i]) != 0)
				break;
		}
		if (i > sp->match_length) {
			sp->match_position = p;
			if ((sp->match_length = i) >= F)
				break;
		}
	}
	sp->parent[r] = sp->parent[p];
	sp->lchild[r] = sp->lchild[p];
	sp->rchild[r] = sp->rchild[p];
	sp->parent[sp->lchild[p]] = r;
	sp->parent[sp->rchild[p]] = r;
	if (sp->rchild[sp->parent[p]] == p)
		sp->rchild[sp->parent[p]] = r;
	else
		sp->lchild[sp->parent[p]] = r;
	sp->parent[p] = NIL;  /* remove p */
}

/* deletes node p from tree */
static void delete_node(struct encode_state *sp, int p)
{
	int  q;
	
	if (sp->parent[p] == NIL)
		return;  /* not in tree */
	if (sp->rchild[p] == NIL)
		q = sp->lchild[p];
	else if (sp->lchild[p] == NIL)
		q = sp->rchild[p];
	else {
		q = sp->lchild[p];
		if (sp->rchild[q] != NIL) {
			do {
				q = sp->rchild[q];
			} while (sp->rchild[q] != NIL);
			sp->rchild[sp->parent[q]] = sp->lchild[q];
			sp->parent[sp->lchild[q]] = sp->parent[q];
			sp->lchild[q] = sp->lchild[p];
			sp->parent[sp->lchild[p]] = q;
		}
		sp->rchild[q] = sp->rchild[p];
		sp->parent[sp->rchild[p]] = q;
	}
	sp->parent[q] = sp->parent[p];
	if (sp->rchild[sp->parent[p]] == p)
		sp->rchild[sp->parent[p]] = q;
	else
		sp->lchild[sp->parent[p]] = q;
	sp->parent[p] = NIL;
}

uint8_t *
compress_lzss(uint8_t *dst, uint32_t dstlen, uint8_t *src, uint32_t srcLen)
{
	/* Encoding state, mostly tree but some current match stuff */
	struct encode_state *sp;

	int  i, c, len, r, s, last_match_length, code_buf_ptr;
	uint8_t code_buf[17], mask;
	uint8_t *srcend = src + srcLen;
	uint8_t *dstend = dst + dstlen;

	/* initialize trees */
	sp = (struct encode_state *) malloc(sizeof(*sp));
	init_state(sp);

	/*
	 * code_buf[1..16] saves eight units of code, and code_buf[0] works
	 * as eight flags, "1" representing that the unit is an unencoded
	 * letter (1 byte), "" a position-and-length pair (2 bytes).
	 * Thus, eight units require at most 16 bytes of code.
	 */
	code_buf[0] = 0;
	code_buf_ptr = mask = 1;

	/* Clear the buffer with any character that will appear often. */
	s = 0;  r = N - F;

	/* Read F bytes into the last F bytes of the buffer */
	for (len = 0; len < F && src < srcend; len++)
		sp->text_buf[r + len] = *src++;  
	if (!len) {
		free(sp);
		return (void *) 0;  /* text of size zero */
	}
	/*
	 * Insert the F strings, each of which begins with one or more
	 * 'space' characters.  Note the order in which these strings are
	 * inserted.  This way, degenerate trees will be less likely to occur.
	 */
	for (i = 1; i <= F; i++)
		insert_node(sp, r - i); 

	/*
	 * Finally, insert the whole string just read.
	 * The global variables match_length and match_position are set.
	 */
	insert_node(sp, r);
	do {
		/* match_length may be spuriously long near the end of text. */
		if (sp->match_length > len)
			sp->match_length = len;
		if (sp->match_length <= THRESHOLD) {
			sp->match_length = 1;  /* Not long enough match.  Send one byte. */
			code_buf[0] |= mask;  /* 'send one byte' flag */
			code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = sp->text_buf[r];  /* Send uncoded. */
		} else {
			/* Send position and length pair. Note match_length > THRESHOLD. */
			code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = (uint8_t) sp->match_position;
			code_buf[code_buf_ptr++] = (uint8_t)
				( ((sp->match_position >> 4) & 0xF0)
				|  (sp->match_length - (THRESHOLD + 1)) );
		}
		if ((mask <<= 1) == 0) {  /* Shift mask left one bit. */
				/* Send at most 8 units of code together */
			for (i = 0; i < code_buf_ptr; i++)
				if (dst < dstend)
					*dst++ = code_buf[i]; 
				else {
					free(sp);
					return (void *) 0;
				}
			code_buf[0] = 0;
			code_buf_ptr = mask = 1;
		}
		last_match_length = sp->match_length;
		for (i = 0; i < last_match_length && src < srcend; i++) {
			delete_node(sp, s);    /* Delete old strings and */
			c = *src++;
			sp->text_buf[s] = c;    /* read new bytes */

			/*
			 * If the position is near the end of buffer, extend the buffer
			 * to make string comparison easier.
			 */
			if (s < F - 1)
				sp->text_buf[s + N] = c;

			/* Since this is a ring buffer, increment the position modulo N. */
			s = (s + 1) & (N - 1);
			r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);

			/* Register the string in text_buf[r..r+F-1] */
			insert_node(sp, r); 
		}
		while (i++ < last_match_length) {
		delete_node(sp, s);

			/* After the end of text, no need to read, */
			s = (s + 1) & (N - 1); 
			r = (r + 1) & (N - 1);
			/* but buffer may not be empty. */
			if (--len)
				insert_node(sp, r);
		}
	} while (len > 0);   /* until length of string to be processed is zero */

	if (code_buf_ptr > 1) {    /* Send remaining code. */
		for (i = 0; i < code_buf_ptr; i++)
			if (dst < dstend)
				*dst++ = code_buf[i]; 
			else {
				free(sp);
				return (void *) 0;
			}
	}

	free(sp);
	return dst;
}





/* my nasty stuff */

// Yes, I know it's a mess. Feel free to clean it up,
// but please don't change the command-line interface.
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	freopen(NULL, "rb", stdin);
	freopen(NULL, "wb", stderr);
	
	unsigned char dict[0x1000];
	unsigned int dict_i = 0xFEE;
	
	if(argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "x") == 0)
	{
		int head_char, lit, offset, len;
		
		while(1)
		{
			head_char = getchar();
			if(head_char == EOF) return 0;
			
			head_char |= 0xFF00; //neat little hack, this
			
			while(head_char != 0xFF)
			{
				if(head_char & 1)
				{ // Literal read (1 char)
					lit = getchar();
					if(lit == EOF) return 0;
					
					circ(dict, dict_i++) = lit;
					putchar(lit);
				}
				else
				{ // Dictionary read (2 bytes, offset and thingo)
					offset = getchar();
					len = getchar();
					if(offset == EOF) return 0;
					
					offset |= (len & 0xF0) << 4;
					len &= 0x0F;
					len += 3;
					
					for(int i=0; i<len; i++)
					{
						int copy = circ(dict, offset + i);
						circ(dict, dict_i++) = copy;
						putchar(copy);
					}
				}
				head_char >>= 1;
			}
		}
	}
	else if(argc == 2 && strcmp(argv[1], "c") == 0)
	{
		uint8_t *a, *b, *ret;
		uint32_t alen;

		a = malloc(0x400000);
		b = malloc(0x400000);
		if(!a || !b) return 1;

		alen = fread(a, 1, 0x400000, stdin);

		ret = compress_lzss(b, 0x400000, a, alen);
		if(!ret) return 1;

		if(fwrite(b, ret-b, 1, stdout) != 1) return 1;
		if(fclose(stdout)) return 1;

		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "USAGE: lzss [x|c]\n");
		return 1;
	}
}

#define BUF_SIZE 512
#define BUF_MIN 128