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162 lines
8.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. -*- Mode: rst; fill-column: 100; -*-
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======================================
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Install tracking with the Adjust SDK
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======================================
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Fennec (Firefox for Android) tracks certain types of installs using a third party install tracking
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framework called Adjust. The intention is to determine the origin of Fennec installs by answering
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the question, "Did this user on this device install Fennec in response to a specific advertising
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campaign performed by Mozilla?"
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Mozilla is using a third party framework in order to answer this question for the Firefox for
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Android 38.0.5 release. We hope to remove the framework from Fennec in the future.
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The framework consists of a software development kit (SDK) built into Fennec and a
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data-collecting Internet service backend run by the German company `adjust GmbH`_. The Adjust SDK
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is open source and MIT licensed: see the `github repository`_. Fennec ships a copy of the SDK
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(currently not modified from upstream) in ``mobile/android/thirdparty/com/adjust/sdk``. The SDK is
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documented at https://docs.adjust.com.
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Data collection
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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When is data collected and sent to the Adjust backend?
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======================================================
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Data is never collected (or sent to the Adjust backend) unless
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* the Fennec binary is an official Mozilla binary [#official]_; and
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* the release channel is Release or Beta [#channel]_.
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If both of the above conditions are true, then data is collected and sent to the Adjust backend in
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the following two circumstances: first, when
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* Fennec is started on the device [#started]_.
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Second, when
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* the Fennec binary was installed from the Google Play Store; and
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* the Google Play Store sends the installed Fennec binary an `INSTALL_REFERRER Intent`_, and the
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received Intent includes Google Play Store campaign tracking information. This happens when thea
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Google Play Store install is in response to a campaign-specific Google Play Store link. For
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details, see the developer documentation at
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https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/android/v4/campaigns.
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In these two limited circumstances, data is collected and sent to the Adjust backend.
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Where does data sent to the Adjust backend go?
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==============================================
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The Adjust SDK is hard-coded to send data to the endpoint https://app.adjust.com. The endpoint is
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defined by ``com.adjust.sdk.Constants.BASE_URL`` at
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https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central/file/f76f02793f7a/mobile/android/thirdparty/com/adjust/sdk/Constants.java#l27.
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The Adjust backend then sends a limited subset of the collected data -- limited but sufficient to
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uniquely identify the submitting device -- to a set of advertising network providers that Mozilla
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elects to share the collected data with. Those advertising networks then confirm or deny that the
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identifying information corresponds to a specific advertising campaign performed by Mozilla.
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What data is collected and sent to the Adjust backend?
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======================================================
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The Adjust SDK collects and sends two messages to the Adjust backend. The messages have the
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following parameters::
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V/Adjust ( 6508): Parameters:
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V/Adjust ( 6508): screen_format normal
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V/Adjust ( 6508): device_manufacturer samsung
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V/Adjust ( 6508): session_count 1
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V/Adjust ( 6508): device_type phone
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V/Adjust ( 6508): screen_size normal
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V/Adjust ( 6508): package_name org.mozilla.firefox
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V/Adjust ( 6508): app_version 39.0a1
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V/Adjust ( 6508): android_uuid <guid>
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V/Adjust ( 6508): display_width 720
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V/Adjust ( 6508): country GB
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V/Adjust ( 6508): os_version 18
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V/Adjust ( 6508): needs_attribution_data 0
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V/Adjust ( 6508): environment sandbox
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V/Adjust ( 6508): device_name Galaxy Nexus
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V/Adjust ( 6508): os_name android
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V/Adjust ( 6508): tracking_enabled 1
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V/Adjust ( 6508): created_at 2015-03-24T17:53:38.452Z-0400
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V/Adjust ( 6508): app_token <private>
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V/Adjust ( 6508): screen_density high
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V/Adjust ( 6508): language en
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V/Adjust ( 6508): display_height 1184
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V/Adjust ( 6508): gps_adid <guid>
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V/Adjust ( 6508): Parameters:
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V/Adjust ( 6508): needs_attribution_data 0
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V/Adjust ( 6508): app_token <private>
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V/Adjust ( 6508): environment production
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V/Adjust ( 6508): android_uuid <guid>
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V/Adjust ( 6508): tracking_enabled 1
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V/Adjust ( 6508): gps_adid <guid>
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The available parameters (including ones not exposed to Mozilla) are documented at
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https://partners.adjust.com/placeholders/.
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Notes on what data is collected
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-------------------------------
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The *android_uuid* uniquely identifies the device.
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The *gps_adid* is a Google Advertising ID. It is capable of uniquely identifying a device to any
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advertiser, across all applications. If a Google Advertising ID is not available, Adjust may fall
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back to an Android ID, or, as a last resort, the device's WiFi MAC address.
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The *tracking_enabled* flag is only used to allow or disallow contextual advertising to be sent to a
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user. It can be, and is, ignored for general install tracking of the type Mozilla is using the
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Adjust SDK for. (This flag might be used by consumers using the Adjust SDK to provide in-App
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advertising.)
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It is not clear how much entropy their is in the set of per-device parameters that do not
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*explicitly* uniquely identify the device. That is, it is not known if the device parameters are
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likely to uniquely fingerprint the device, in the way that user agent capabilities are likely to
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uniquely fingerprint the user.
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Technical notes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Build flags controlling the Adjust SDK integration
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==================================================
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The Adjust SDK feature is controlled by the build flag ``MOZ_INSTALL_TRACKING``. No trace of the
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Adjust SDK should be present in Fennec if this is not defined.
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Access to the Adjust backend is controlled by a private App-specific token. Fennec's token is
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managed by Release Engineering and should not be exposed if at all possible; for example, it should
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*not* leak to build logs. The value of the token is read from the file specified using the
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``configure`` flag ``--with-adjust-sdk-keyfile=KEYFILE`` and stored in the build variable
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``MOZ_INSTALL_TRACKING_ADJUST_SDK_APP_TOKEN``. Nota bene: if ``MOZ_INSTALL_TRACKING`` is defined
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but the App-specific token is not specified, Fennec will submit data to a special Adjust sandbox.
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This makes it possible to test the Adjust flow without submitting false data to the install tracking
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backend.
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Technical notes on the Adjust SDK integration
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=============================================
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The *Adjust install tracking SDK* is a pure-Java library that is conditionally compiled into Fennec.
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It's not trivial to integrate such conditional feature libraries into Fennec without pre-processing.
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To minimize such pre-processing, we define a trivial ``AdjustHelperInterface`` and define two
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implementations: the real ``AdjustHelper``, which requires the Adjust SDK, and a no-op
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``StubAdjustHelper``, which has no additional requirements. We use the existing pre-processed
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``AppConstants.java.in`` to switch, at build-time, between the two implementations.
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Notes and links
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===============
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.. _adjust GmbH: http://www.adjust.com
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.. _github repository: https://github.com/adjust/android_sdk
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.. [#official] Data is not sent for builds not produced by Mozilla: this would include
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redistributors such as the Palemoon project.
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.. [#channel] Data is not sent for Aurora, Nightly, or custom builds.
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.. [#started] *Started* means more than just when the user taps the Fennec icon or otherwise causes
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the Fennec user interface to appear directly. It includes, for example, when a Fennec service
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(like the Update Service, or Background Sync), starts and Fennec was not previously running on the
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device. See http://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/Application.html#onCreate%28%29
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for details.
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.. _INSTALL_REFERRER Intent: https://developer.android.com/reference/com/google/android/gms/tagmanager/InstallReferrerReceiver.html
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