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645 lines
15 KiB
HTML
645 lines
15 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>Tables</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
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<h1>Tables</h1>
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<p>Most of the requirements on containers are presented in the ISO standard
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in the form of tables. In order to avoid massive duplication of effort
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while documenting all the classes, we follow the standard's lead and
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present the base information here. Individual classes will only document
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their departures from these tables (removed functions, additional functions,
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changes, etc).
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</p>
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<p>We will not try to duplicate all of the surrounding text (footnotes,
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explanations, etc.) from the standard, because that would also entail a
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duplication of effort. Some of the surrounding text has been paraphrased
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here for clarity. If you are uncertain about the meaning or interpretation
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of these notes, consult a good textbook, and/or purchase your own copy of
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the standard (it's cheap, see our FAQ).
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</p>
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<p>The table numbers are the same as those used in the standard. Tables can
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be jumped to using their number, e.g., "tables.html#67". Only
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Tables 65 through 69 are presented. Some of the active Defect Reports
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are also noted or incorporated.
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</p>
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<hr />
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<a name="65"><p>
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<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
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cols="5" title="Table 65">
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<caption><h2>Table 65 --- Container Requirements</h2></caption>
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<tr><th colspan="5">
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Anything calling itself a container must meet these minimum requirements.
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
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<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
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<td><strong>operational semantics</strong></td>
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<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
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<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::value_type</td>
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<td>T</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>T is Assignable</td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::reference</td>
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<td>lvalue of T</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::const_reference</td>
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<td>const lvalue of T</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::iterator</td>
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<td>iterator type pointing to T</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>Any iterator category except output iterator.
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Convertible to X::const_iterator.</td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::const_iterator</td>
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<td>iterator type pointing to const T</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>Any iterator category except output iterator.</td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::difference_type</td>
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<td>signed integral type</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>identical to the difference type of X::iterator and X::const_iterator</td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::size_type</td>
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<td>unsigned integral type</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>size_type can represent any non-negative value of difference_type</td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X u;</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>post: u.size() == 0</td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X();</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>X().size == 0</td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X(a);</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>a == X(a)</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X u(a);<br />X u = a;</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>post: u == a. Equivalent to: X u; u = a;</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>(&a)->~X();</td>
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<td>void</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>dtor is applied to every element of a; all the memory is deallocated</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.begin()</td>
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<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.end()</td>
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<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a == b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>== is an equivalence relation. a.size()==b.size() &&
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equal(a.begin(),a.end(),b.begin())</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a != b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>equivalent to !(a==b)</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.swap(b)</td>
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<td>void</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>swap(a,b)</td>
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<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>r = a</td>
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<td>X&</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>r == a</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<!-- a fifth column, "operation semantics," magically appears in the table
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at this point... wtf? -->
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<tr>
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<td>a.size()</td>
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<td>size_type</td>
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<td>a.end() - a.begin()</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.max_size()</td>
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<td>size_type</td>
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<td>size() of the largest possible container</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>may or may not have constant complexity</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.empty()</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td>a.size() == 0</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a < b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td>lexographical_compare( a.begin, a.end(), b.begin(), b.end())</td>
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<td>pre: < is defined for T and is a total ordering relation</td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a > b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td>b < a</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a <= b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td>!(a > b)</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a >= b</td>
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<td>convertible to bool</td>
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<td>!(a < b)</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>linear</td>
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</tr>
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</table title="Table 65"></p></a>
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<a name="66"><p>
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<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
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cols="4" title="Table 66">
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<caption><h2>Table 66 --- Reversible Container Requirements</h2></caption>
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<tr><th colspan="4">
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If a container's iterator is bidirectional or random-access, then the
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container also meets these requirements.
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Deque, list, vector, map, multimap, set, and multiset are such containers.
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
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<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
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<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
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<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::reverse_iterator</td>
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<td>iterator type pointing to T</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator<iterator></td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X::const_reverse_iterator</td>
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<td>iterator type pointing to const T</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator<const_iterator></td>
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<td>compile time</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.rbegin()</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator(end())</td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.rend()</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator; const_reverse_iterator for constant a</td>
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<td>reverse_iterator(begin())</td>
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<td>constant</td>
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</tr>
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</table title="Table 66"></p></a>
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<a name="67"><p>
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<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
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cols="3" title="Table 67">
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<caption><h2>Table 67 --- Sequence Requirements</h2></caption>
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<tr><th colspan="3">
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These are in addition to the requirements of <a href="#65">containers</a>.
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Deque, list, and vector are such containers.
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
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<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
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<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X(n,t)<br />X a(n,t)</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>constructs a sequence with n copies of t<br />post: size() == n</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>X(i,j)<br />X a(i,j)</td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>constructs a sequence equal to the range [i,j)<br />
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post: size() == distance(i,j)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.insert(p,t)</td>
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<td>iterator (points to the inserted copy of t)</td>
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<td>inserts a copy of t before p</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.insert(p,n,t)</td>
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<td>void</td>
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<td>inserts n copies of t before p</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.insert(p,i,j)</td>
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<td>void</td>
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<td>inserts copies of elements in [i,j) before p<br />
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pre: i, j are not iterators into a</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.erase(q)</td>
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<td>iterator (points to the element following q (prior to erasure))</td>
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<td>erases the element pointed to by q</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.erase(q1,q1)</td>
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<td>iterator (points to the element pointed to by q2 (prior to erasure))</td>
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<td>erases the elements in the range [q1,q2)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>a.clear()</td>
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<td>void</td>
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<td>erase(begin(),end())<br />post: size() == 0</td>
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</tr>
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</table title="Table 67"></p></a>
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<a name="68"><p>
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<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
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cols="4" title="Table 68">
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||
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<caption><h2>Table 68 --- Optional Sequence Operations</h2></caption>
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<tr><th colspan="4">
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These operations are only included in containers when the operation can be
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done in constant time.
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</th></tr>
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<tr>
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<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
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<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>operational semantics</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>container</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.front()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>*a.begin()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.back()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>*--a.end()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.push_front(x)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.insert(a.begin(),x)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.push_back(x)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.insert(a.end(),x)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.pop_front()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.erase(a.begin())</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.pop_back()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.erase(--a.end())</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, list, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a[n]</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>*(a.begin() + n)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.at(n)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>reference; const_reference for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>*(a.begin() + n)<br />throws out_of_range if n>=a.size()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>vector, deque</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table title="Table 68"></p></a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<a name="69"><p>
|
||
|
|
<table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="5" align="center" rules="rows" border="3"
|
||
|
|
cols="4" title="Table 69">
|
||
|
|
<caption><h2>Table 69 --- Associative Container Requirements</h2></caption>
|
||
|
|
<tr><th colspan="4">
|
||
|
|
These are in addition to the requirements of <a href="#65">containers</a>.
|
||
|
|
Map, multimap, set, and multiset are such containers. An associative
|
||
|
|
container supports <em>unique keys</em> (and is written as
|
||
|
|
<code>a_uniq</code> instead of <code>a</code>) if it may contain at most
|
||
|
|
one element for each key. Otherwise it supports <em>equivalent keys</em>
|
||
|
|
(and is written <code>a_eq</code>). Examples of the former are set and map,
|
||
|
|
examples of the latter are multiset and multimap.
|
||
|
|
</th></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>expression</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>result type</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>notes, pre-/post-conditions, assertions</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
<td><strong>complexity</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X::key_type</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Key</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Key is Assignable</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>compile time</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X::key_compare</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Compare</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>defaults to less<key_type></td>
|
||
|
|
<td>compile time</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X::value_compare</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>a binary predicate type</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>same as key_compare for set and multiset; an ordering relation on
|
||
|
|
pairs induced by the first component (Key) for map and multimap</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>compile time</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X(c)<br />X a(c)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constructs an empty container which uses c as a comparison object</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constant</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X()<br />X a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constructs an empty container using Compare() as a comparison object</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constant</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X(i,j,c)<br />X a(i,j,c)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constructs an empty container and inserts elements from the range [i,j)
|
||
|
|
into it; uses c as a comparison object</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>NlogN in general where N is distance(i,j); linear if [i,j) is
|
||
|
|
sorted with value_comp()</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>X(i,j)<br />X a(i,j)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td> </td>
|
||
|
|
<td>same as previous, but uses Compare() as a comparison object</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>same as previous</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.key_comp()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>X::key_compare</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns the comparison object out of which a was constructed</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constant</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.value_comp()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>X::value_compare</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns an object constructed out of the comparison object</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>constant</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a_uniq.insert(t)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>pair<iterator,bool></td>
|
||
|
|
<td>"Inserts t if and only if there is no element in the container with
|
||
|
|
key equivalent to the key of t. The bool component of the returned pair
|
||
|
|
is true -iff- the insertion took place, and the iterator component of
|
||
|
|
the pair points to the element with key equivalent to the key of
|
||
|
|
t."</td> <!-- DR 316 -->
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a_eq.insert(t)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>iterator</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>inserts t, returns the iterator pointing to the inserted element</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.insert(p,t)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>iterator</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>possibly inserts t (depending on whether a_uniq or a_eq); returns iterator
|
||
|
|
pointing to the element with key equivalent to the key of t; iterator p
|
||
|
|
is a hint pointing to where the insert should start to search</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic in general, amortized constant if t is inserted right
|
||
|
|
after p<br />
|
||
|
|
<strong>[but see DR 233 and <a href="
|
||
|
|
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/23_containers/howto.html#4">our
|
||
|
|
specific notes</a>]</strong></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.insert(i,j)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>pre: i, j are not iterators into a. possibly inserts each element from
|
||
|
|
the range [i,j) (depending on whether a_uniq or a_eq)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>Nlog(size()+N) where N is distance(i,j) in general</td> <!-- DR 264 -->
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.erase(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>size_type</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>erases all elements with key equivalent to k; returns number of erased
|
||
|
|
elements</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>log(size()) + count(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.erase(q)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>erases the element pointed to by q</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>amortized constant</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.erase(q1,q2)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>erases all the elements in the range [q1,q2)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>log(size()) + distance(q1,q2)</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.clear()</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>void</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>erases everything; post: size() == 0</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>linear</td> <!-- DR 224 -->
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.find(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns iterator pointing to element with key equivalent to k, or
|
||
|
|
a.end() if no such element found</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.count(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>size_type</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns number of elements with key equivalent to k</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>log(size()) + count(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.lower_bound(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns iterator pointing to the first element with key not less than k</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.upper_bound(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>iterator; const_iterator for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>returns iterator pointing to the first element with key greater than k</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td>a.equal_range(k)</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>pair<iterator,iterator>;
|
||
|
|
pair<const_iterator, const_iterator> for constant a</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>equivalent to make_pair(a.lower_bound(k), a.upper_bound(k))</td>
|
||
|
|
<td>logarithmic</td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
</table title="Table 69"></p></a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<hr />
|
||
|
|
<p class="smallertext"><em>
|
||
|
|
See <a href="mainpage.html">mainpage.html</a> for copying conditions.
|
||
|
|
See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/libstdc++/">the libstdc++ homepage</a>
|
||
|
|
for more information.
|
||
|
|
</em></p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|
||
|
|
|