Retro68/Samples/Raytracer/raytracer.c

/*
    Copyright 2014 Wolfgang Thaller.

    This file is part of Retro68.

    Retro68 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    Retro68 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with Retro68.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <Carbon/Carbon.h>
#include <ApplicationServices/ApplicationServices.h>
#else

#ifdef TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON
#include <math.h>
#include <Carbon.h>
#else
#include <Quickdraw.h>
#include <MacMemory.h>
#include <Sound.h>
#include <Events.h>
#include <Fonts.h>
#include <NumberFormatting.h>
#endif

#endif


#include <math.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

pascal /* <- pascal calling convention, for no reason in particular except to test the comppiler */
bool hitSphere(float x0, float y0, float z0, float dx, float dy, float dz, float *t)
{
    const float xc = 0.0f, yc = 0.0f, zc = -6.0f, r = 1.0f;
    float x0c = x0 - xc;
    float y0c = y0 - yc;
    float z0c = z0 - zc;
    
    /*
    (x-xc)^2 + (y-yc)^2 + (z-zc)^2 = r^2;
    (x0c + dx * t)^2 + (y0c + dy * t)^2 + (z0c + dz * t)^2 = r^2;
    x0c^2 + 2*x0c*dx*t + dx^2*t^2 + y0c^2 + 2*y0c*dy*t + dy^2*t^2 + z0c^2 + 2 * z0c*dz*t + dz^2*t^2 = r^2
    
    (dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)*t^2 + (2*x0c*dx + 2*y0c&dy + 2*z0c*dz) * t + x0c^2+y0c^2+z0c^2-r^2
    */
    float a = dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz;
    float b = 2*(x0c*dx + y0c*dy + z0c*dz);
    float c = x0c*x0c + y0c*y0c + z0c*z0c -r*r;
    
    float D = b*b - 4 * a * c;
    
    if(D >= 0)
    {
        *t = (-b - sqrtf(D)) / (2*a);
        return *t >= 0;
    }
    return false;
}
const float lx = -2, ly = 4, lz = 3;
float lenl;
float lxn, lyn, lzn;

float ray(int n, float x0, float y0, float z0, float dx, float dy, float dz)
{
    {
        const float xc = 0.0f, yc = 0.0f, zc = -6.0f, r = 1.0f;
        float x0c = x0 - xc;
        float y0c = y0 - yc;
        float z0c = z0 - zc;
        
        /*
        (x-xc)^2 + (y-yc)^2 + (z-zc)^2 = r^2;
        (x0c + dx * t)^2 + (y0c + dy * t)^2 + (z0c + dz * t)^2 = r^2;
        x0c^2 + 2*x0c*dx*t + dx^2*t^2 + y0c^2 + 2*y0c*dy*t + dy^2*t^2 + z0c^2 + 2 * z0c*dz*t + dz^2*t^2 = r^2
        
        (dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)*t^2 + (2*x0c*dx + 2*y0c&dy + 2*z0c*dz) * t + x0c^2+y0c^2+z0c^2-r^2
        */
        float a = dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz;
        float b = 2*(x0c*dx + y0c*dy + z0c*dz);
        float c = x0c*x0c + y0c*y0c + z0c*z0c -r*r;
        
        float D = b*b - 4 * a * c;
        
        if(D >= 0)
        {
            float t = (-b -  sqrtf(D)) / (2*a);
            if(t > 0)
            {
                float x = x0 + dx * t;
                float y = y0 + dy * t;
                float z = z0 + dz * t;
                
                float dx2 = x - xc;
                float dy2 = y - yc;
                float dz2 = z - zc;
                
                
                float l = dx2 * dx + dy2 * dy + dz2 * dz;
                l *= 2;
                
                float reflected;
                if(n)
                    reflected = ray(n-1, x,y,z, dx - l*dx2, dy - l*dy2, dz - l*dz2);
                else
                    reflected = 0.0f;
                
                
                float lambert = dx2 * lxn + dy2 * lyn + dz2 * lzn;
                if(lambert < 0.0f)
                    lambert = 0.0f;
                return 0.2f + 0.4f * lambert + 0.4f * reflected;
            }
        }
    }

    if(dy < 0)
    {
        float t = (-1.5f - y0) / dy;
        float x = x0 + dx * t;
        float z = z0 + dz * t;
        
        float color;
        if( ((int)( floorf(x) )
            + (int)( floorf(z) )) % 2 )
            color = 0.8f;
        else
            color = 0.1f;
        
        float ts;
        if(hitSphere(x,-1.5f,z, lxn, lyn, lzn, &ts))
            color *= 0.2f;
        
        float v = color + 0.5f * ray(n-1, x,-1.5f,z,dx,-dy,dz);
        if(v > 1.0f)
            return 1.0f;
        else
            return v;
    }
    
    float v = dy * 0.3f;
    if(v < 0.0f)
        return 0.0f;
    else
        return v;
}

int main()
{
    WindowPtr win;
    
#if !TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON
    InitGraf(&qd.thePort);
    InitFonts();
    InitWindows();
    InitMenus();

    Rect r = qd.screenBits.bounds;
#else
    BitMap bm;
    GetQDGlobalsScreenBits(&bm);
    Rect r = bm.bounds;
#endif    
    SetRect(&r, r.left + 5, r.top + 45, r.right - 5, r.bottom -5);
    win = NewWindow(NULL, &r, "\pRaytracer (C Version)", true, 0, (WindowPtr)-1, false, 0);
    
#if !TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON    
    SetPort(win);
    r = win->portRect;
#else
    SetPortWindowPort(win);
    GetPortBounds(GetWindowPort(win), &r);
#endif
    EraseRect(&r);
    float accum = 0.0f;
    short cx = r.right /2;
    short cy = r.bottom / 2;
    int x,y;

    lenl = 1.0f / sqrtf(lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz);
    lxn = lx*lenl, lyn = ly*lenl, lzn = lz*lenl;

    long startTime = TickCount();
    float *accumV = (float*)NewPtrClear(sizeof(float) * r.right);
    for(y = 0; y < r.bottom; y++)
    {
        for(x = 0; x < r.right; x++)
        {
            float pixel;
            
            // cam = (0,0,0)
            // ray = t * (x-r.right/2, - (y-r.bottom/2), -1)
            // plane: y = -2
            
            float dx = x - cx;
            float dy = - (y - cy);
            float dz = -cx;
            float n1 = 1.0f / sqrtf(dx*dx + dy*dy + dz*dz);
            
            pixel = ray(1,0,0,0,n1*dx,n1*dy,n1*dz);
            
#if 0
            accum += pixel;
            if(accum >= 0.5f)
                accum -= 1.0f;
            else
            {
                MoveTo(x,y);
                Line(0,0);
            }
#elif 0
            accum += pixel;
            accum += accumV[x];
            if(accum >= 0.5f)
                accum -= 1.0f;
            else
            {
                MoveTo(x,y);
                Line(0,0);
            }
            accumV[x] = accum = accum / 2;
#elif 0            
            //if(pixel < Random() / 32767.0)
            if(pixel < (float)std::rand() / (32767.0f * 65536.0f))
            {
                MoveTo(x,y);
                Line(0,0);
            }
#else
            float thresh = (float)rand() / (32767.0f * 65536.0f);
            thresh = 0.5f + 0.4f * (thresh - 0.5f);
            accum += pixel;
            accum += accumV[x];
            if(accum >= thresh)
                accum -= 1.0f;
            else
            {
                MoveTo(x,y);
                Line(0,0);
            }
            accumV[x] = accum = accum / 2;            
#endif
        }
        if(Button())
            return 0;
#if TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON
        QDFlushPortBuffer(GetWindowPort(win),NULL);
#endif
    }
    long endTime = TickCount();
    
    Str255 pstr;
    NumToString( (long)( (float)r.right * r.bottom / (endTime - startTime) * 60.0f ),
                 pstr );
    
    SetRect(&r, 10, 10, 10 + StringWidth("\ppps = ") + StringWidth(pstr) + 10, 30);
    PaintRect(&r);
    PenMode(patXor);
    FrameRect(&r);
    MoveTo(15,25);
    TextMode(srcBic);
    DrawString("\ppps = ");
    DrawString(pstr);
#if TARGET_API_MAC_CARBON
    QDFlushPortBuffer(GetWindowPort(win),NULL);
#endif
    
    while(!Button())
        ;
    FlushEvents(everyEvent, -1);
    return 0;
}