mirror of
https://github.com/autc04/Retro68.git
synced 2024-11-24 07:31:32 +00:00
458 lines
20 KiB
HTML
458 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|
<html>
|
|
<!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
|
|
Invariant Sections, the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and
|
|
with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below). A copy of the
|
|
license is included in the section entitled "GNU
|
|
Free Documentation License".
|
|
|
|
(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:
|
|
|
|
A GNU Manual
|
|
|
|
(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:
|
|
|
|
You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
|
|
software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
|
|
funds for GNU development. -->
|
|
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Installing GCC</title>
|
|
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Installing GCC">
|
|
<meta name="keywords" content="Installing GCC">
|
|
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
|
|
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
|
|
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
<!--
|
|
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
|
|
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
|
|
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller}
|
|
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
kbd {font-style:oblique}
|
|
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
|
|
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
|
|
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
|
|
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
|
|
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
|
|
span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap}
|
|
span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap}
|
|
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
|
|
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
|
|
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
|
|
-->
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
|
|
<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Installing GCC</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="index-Installing-GCC_003a-Building"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>Now that GCC is configured, you are ready to build the compiler and
|
|
runtime libraries.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Some commands executed when making the compiler may fail (return a
|
|
nonzero status) and be ignored by <code>make</code>. These failures, which
|
|
are often due to files that were not found, are expected, and can safely
|
|
be ignored.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>It is normal to have compiler warnings when compiling certain files.
|
|
Unless you are a GCC developer, you can generally ignore these warnings
|
|
unless they cause compilation to fail. Developers should attempt to fix
|
|
any warnings encountered, however they can temporarily continue past
|
|
warnings-as-errors by specifying the configure flag
|
|
<samp>--disable-werror</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>On certain old systems, defining certain environment variables such as
|
|
<code>CC</code> can interfere with the functioning of <code>make</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you encounter seemingly strange errors when trying to build the
|
|
compiler in a directory other than the source directory, it could be
|
|
because you have previously configured the compiler in the source
|
|
directory. Make sure you have done all the necessary preparations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you build GCC on a BSD system using a directory stored in an old System
|
|
V file system, problems may occur in running <code>fixincludes</code> if the
|
|
System V file system doesn’t support symbolic links. These problems
|
|
result in a failure to fix the declaration of <code>size_t</code> in
|
|
<samp>sys/types.h</samp>. If you find that <code>size_t</code> is a signed type and
|
|
that type mismatches occur, this could be the cause.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The solution is not to use such a directory for building GCC.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Similarly, when building from SVN or snapshots, or if you modify
|
|
<samp>*.l</samp> files, you need the Flex lexical analyzer generator
|
|
installed. If you do not modify <samp>*.l</samp> files, releases contain
|
|
the Flex-generated files and you do not need Flex installed to build
|
|
them. There is still one Flex-based lexical analyzer (part of the
|
|
build machinery, not of GCC itself) that is used even if you only
|
|
build the C front end.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When building from SVN or snapshots, or if you modify Texinfo
|
|
documentation, you need version 4.7 or later of Texinfo installed if you
|
|
want Info documentation to be regenerated. Releases contain Info
|
|
documentation pre-built for the unmodified documentation in the release.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Building-a-native-compiler"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">Building a native compiler</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>For a native build, the default configuration is to perform
|
|
a 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler when ‘<samp>make</samp>’ is invoked.
|
|
This will build the entire GCC system and ensure that it compiles
|
|
itself correctly. It can be disabled with the <samp>--disable-bootstrap</samp>
|
|
parameter to ‘<samp>configure</samp>’, but bootstrapping is suggested because
|
|
the compiler will be tested more completely and could also have
|
|
better performance.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The bootstrapping process will complete the following steps:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li> Build tools necessary to build the compiler.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Perform a 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler. This includes building
|
|
three times the target tools for use by the compiler such as binutils
|
|
(bfd, binutils, gas, gprof, ld, and opcodes) if they have been
|
|
individually linked or moved into the top level GCC source tree before
|
|
configuring.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Perform a comparison test of the stage2 and stage3 compilers.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Build runtime libraries using the stage3 compiler from the previous step.
|
|
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>If you are short on disk space you might consider ‘<samp>make
|
|
bootstrap-lean</samp>’ instead. The sequence of compilation is the
|
|
same described above, but object files from the stage1 and
|
|
stage2 of the 3-stage bootstrap of the compiler are deleted as
|
|
soon as they are no longer needed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you wish to use non-default GCC flags when compiling the stage2
|
|
and stage3 compilers, set <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> on the command line when
|
|
doing ‘<samp>make</samp>’. For example, if you want to save additional space
|
|
during the bootstrap and in the final installation as well, you can
|
|
build the compiler binaries without debugging information as in the
|
|
following example. This will save roughly 40% of disk space both for
|
|
the bootstrap and the final installation. (Libraries will still contain
|
|
debugging information.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="smallexample">
|
|
<pre class="smallexample">make BOOT_CFLAGS='-O' bootstrap
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can place non-default optimization flags into <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code>; they
|
|
are less well tested here than the default of ‘<samp>-g -O2</samp>’, but should
|
|
still work. In a few cases, you may find that you need to specify special
|
|
flags such as <samp>-msoft-float</samp> here to complete the bootstrap; or,
|
|
if the native compiler miscompiles the stage1 compiler, you may need
|
|
to work around this, by choosing <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> to avoid the parts
|
|
of the stage1 compiler that were miscompiled, or by using ‘<samp>make
|
|
bootstrap4</samp>’ to increase the number of stages of bootstrap.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> does not apply to bootstrapped target libraries.
|
|
Since these are always compiled with the compiler currently being
|
|
bootstrapped, you can use <code>CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET</code> to modify their
|
|
compilation flags, as for non-bootstrapped target libraries.
|
|
Again, if the native compiler miscompiles the stage1 compiler, you may
|
|
need to work around this by avoiding non-working parts of the stage1
|
|
compiler. Use <code>STAGE1_TFLAGS</code> to this end.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you used the flag <samp>--enable-languages=…</samp> to restrict
|
|
the compilers to be built, only those you’ve actually enabled will be
|
|
built. This will of course only build those runtime libraries, for
|
|
which the particular compiler has been built. Please note,
|
|
that re-defining <code>LANGUAGES</code> when calling ‘<samp>make</samp>’
|
|
<strong>does not</strong> work anymore!
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If the comparison of stage2 and stage3 fails, this normally indicates
|
|
that the stage2 compiler has compiled GCC incorrectly, and is therefore
|
|
a potentially serious bug which you should investigate and report. (On
|
|
a few systems, meaningful comparison of object files is impossible; they
|
|
always appear “different”. If you encounter this problem, you will
|
|
need to disable comparison in the <samp>Makefile</samp>.)
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you do not want to bootstrap your compiler, you can configure with
|
|
<samp>--disable-bootstrap</samp>. In particular cases, you may want to
|
|
bootstrap your compiler even if the target system is not the same as
|
|
the one you are building on: for example, you could build a
|
|
<code>powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu</code> toolchain on a
|
|
<code>powerpc64-unknown-linux-gnu</code> host. In this case, pass
|
|
<samp>--enable-bootstrap</samp> to the configure script.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><code>BUILD_CONFIG</code> can be used to bring in additional customization
|
|
to the build. It can be set to a whitespace-separated list of names.
|
|
For each such <code>NAME</code>, top-level <samp>config/<code>NAME</code>.mk</samp> will
|
|
be included by the top-level <samp>Makefile</samp>, bringing in any settings
|
|
it contains. The default <code>BUILD_CONFIG</code> can be set using the
|
|
configure option <samp>--with-build-config=<code>NAME</code>...</samp>. Some
|
|
examples of supported build configurations are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-O1</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Removes any <samp>-O</samp>-started option from <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code>, and adds
|
|
<samp>-O1</samp> to it. ‘<samp>BUILD_CONFIG=bootstrap-O1</samp>’ is equivalent to
|
|
‘<samp>BOOT_CFLAGS='-g -O1'</samp>’.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-O3</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Analogous to <code>bootstrap-O1</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-lto</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Enables Link-Time Optimization for host tools during bootstrapping.
|
|
‘<samp>BUILD_CONFIG=bootstrap-lto</samp>’ is equivalent to adding
|
|
<samp>-flto</samp> to ‘<samp>BOOT_CFLAGS</samp>’.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-debug</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Verifies that the compiler generates the same executable code, whether
|
|
or not it is asked to emit debug information. To this end, this
|
|
option builds stage2 host programs without debug information, and uses
|
|
<samp>contrib/compare-debug</samp> to compare them with the stripped stage3
|
|
object files. If <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> is overridden so as to not enable
|
|
debug information, stage2 will have it, and stage3 won’t. This option
|
|
is enabled by default when GCC bootstrapping is enabled, if
|
|
<code>strip</code> can turn object files compiled with and without debug
|
|
info into identical object files. In addition to better test
|
|
coverage, this option makes default bootstraps faster and leaner.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-debug-big</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Rather than comparing stripped object files, as in
|
|
<code>bootstrap-debug</code>, this option saves internal compiler dumps
|
|
during stage2 and stage3 and compares them as well, which helps catch
|
|
additional potential problems, but at a great cost in terms of disk
|
|
space. It can be specified in addition to ‘<samp>bootstrap-debug</samp>’.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-debug-lean</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This option saves disk space compared with <code>bootstrap-debug-big</code>,
|
|
but at the expense of some recompilation. Instead of saving the dumps
|
|
of stage2 and stage3 until the final compare, it uses
|
|
<samp>-fcompare-debug</samp> to generate, compare and remove the dumps
|
|
during stage3, repeating the compilation that already took place in
|
|
stage2, whose dumps were not saved.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-debug-lib</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This option tests executable code invariance over debug information
|
|
generation on target libraries, just like <code>bootstrap-debug-lean</code>
|
|
tests it on host programs. It builds stage3 libraries with
|
|
<samp>-fcompare-debug</samp>, and it can be used along with any of the
|
|
<code>bootstrap-debug</code> options above.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>There aren’t <code>-lean</code> or <code>-big</code> counterparts to this option
|
|
because most libraries are only build in stage3, so bootstrap compares
|
|
would not get significant coverage. Moreover, the few libraries built
|
|
in stage2 are used in stage3 host programs, so we wouldn’t want to
|
|
compile stage2 libraries with different options for comparison purposes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-debug-ckovw</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Arranges for error messages to be issued if the compiler built on any
|
|
stage is run without the option <samp>-fcompare-debug</samp>. This is
|
|
useful to verify the full <samp>-fcompare-debug</samp> testing coverage. It
|
|
must be used along with <code>bootstrap-debug-lean</code> and
|
|
<code>bootstrap-debug-lib</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>bootstrap-time</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Arranges for the run time of each program started by the GCC driver,
|
|
built in any stage, to be logged to <samp>time.log</samp>, in the top level of
|
|
the build tree.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Building-a-cross-compiler"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">Building a cross compiler</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>When building a cross compiler, it is not generally possible to do a
|
|
3-stage bootstrap of the compiler. This makes for an interesting problem
|
|
as parts of GCC can only be built with GCC.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>To build a cross compiler, we recommend first building and installing a
|
|
native compiler. You can then use the native GCC compiler to build the
|
|
cross compiler. The installed native compiler needs to be GCC version
|
|
2.95 or later.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If the cross compiler is to be built with support for the Java
|
|
programming language and the ability to compile .java source files is
|
|
desired, the installed native compiler used to build the cross
|
|
compiler needs to be the same GCC version as the cross compiler. In
|
|
addition the cross compiler needs to be configured with
|
|
<samp>--with-ecj-jar=…</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Assuming you have already installed a native copy of GCC and configured
|
|
your cross compiler, issue the command <code>make</code>, which performs the
|
|
following steps:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li> Build host tools necessary to build the compiler.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Build target tools for use by the compiler such as binutils (bfd,
|
|
binutils, gas, gprof, ld, and opcodes)
|
|
if they have been individually linked or moved into the top level GCC source
|
|
tree before configuring.
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Build the compiler (single stage only).
|
|
|
|
</li><li> Build runtime libraries using the compiler from the previous step.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Note that if an error occurs in any step the make process will exit.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you are not building GNU binutils in the same source tree as GCC,
|
|
you will need a cross-assembler and cross-linker installed before
|
|
configuring GCC. Put them in the directory
|
|
<samp><var>prefix</var>/<var>target</var>/bin</samp>. Here is a table of the tools
|
|
you should put in this directory:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><samp>as</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This should be the cross-assembler.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>ld</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This should be the cross-linker.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>ar</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This should be the cross-archiver: a program which can manipulate
|
|
archive files (linker libraries) in the target machine’s format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt><samp>ranlib</samp></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>This should be a program to construct a symbol table in an archive file.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>The installation of GCC will find these programs in that directory,
|
|
and copy or link them to the proper place to for the cross-compiler to
|
|
find them when run later.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The easiest way to provide these files is to build the Binutils package.
|
|
Configure it with the same <samp>--host</samp> and <samp>--target</samp>
|
|
options that you use for configuring GCC, then build and install
|
|
them. They install their executables automatically into the proper
|
|
directory. Alas, they do not support all the targets that GCC
|
|
supports.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If you are not building a C library in the same source tree as GCC,
|
|
you should also provide the target libraries and headers before
|
|
configuring GCC, specifying the directories with
|
|
<samp>--with-sysroot</samp> or <samp>--with-headers</samp> and
|
|
<samp>--with-libs</samp>. Many targets also require “start files” such
|
|
as <samp>crt0.o</samp> and
|
|
<samp>crtn.o</samp> which are linked into each executable. There may be several
|
|
alternatives for <samp>crt0.o</samp>, for use with profiling or other
|
|
compilation options. Check your target’s definition of
|
|
<code>STARTFILE_SPEC</code> to find out what start files it uses.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Building-in-parallel"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">Building in parallel</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>GNU Make 3.80 and above, which is necessary to build GCC, support
|
|
building in parallel. To activate this, you can use ‘<samp>make -j 2</samp>’
|
|
instead of ‘<samp>make</samp>’. You can also specify a bigger number, and
|
|
in most cases using a value greater than the number of processors in
|
|
your machine will result in fewer and shorter I/O latency hits, thus
|
|
improving overall throughput; this is especially true for slow drives
|
|
and network filesystems.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Building-the-Ada-compiler"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">Building the Ada compiler</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>In order to build GNAT, the Ada compiler, you need a working GNAT
|
|
compiler (GCC version 4.0 or later).
|
|
This includes GNAT tools such as <code>gnatmake</code> and
|
|
<code>gnatlink</code>, since the Ada front end is written in Ada and
|
|
uses some GNAT-specific extensions.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In order to build a cross compiler, it is suggested to install
|
|
the new compiler as native first, and then use it to build the cross
|
|
compiler.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><code>configure</code> does not test whether the GNAT installation works
|
|
and has a sufficiently recent version; if too old a GNAT version is
|
|
installed, the build will fail unless <samp>--enable-languages</samp> is
|
|
used to disable building the Ada front end.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p><code>ADA_INCLUDE_PATH</code> and <code>ADA_OBJECT_PATH</code> environment variables
|
|
must not be set when building the Ada compiler, the Ada tools, or the
|
|
Ada runtime libraries. You can check that your build environment is clean
|
|
by verifying that ‘<samp>gnatls -v</samp>’ lists only one explicit path in each
|
|
section.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Building-with-profile-feedback"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">Building with profile feedback</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>It is possible to use profile feedback to optimize the compiler itself. This
|
|
should result in a faster compiler binary. Experiments done on x86 using gcc
|
|
3.3 showed approximately 7 percent speedup on compiling C programs. To
|
|
bootstrap the compiler with profile feedback, use <code>make profiledbootstrap</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When ‘<samp>make profiledbootstrap</samp>’ is run, it will first build a <code>stage1</code>
|
|
compiler. This compiler is used to build a <code>stageprofile</code> compiler
|
|
instrumented to collect execution counts of instruction and branch
|
|
probabilities. Then runtime libraries are compiled with profile collected.
|
|
Finally a <code>stagefeedback</code> compiler is built using the information collected.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Unlike standard bootstrap, several additional restrictions apply. The
|
|
compiler used to build <code>stage1</code> needs to support a 64-bit integral type.
|
|
It is recommended to only use GCC for this.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr />
|
|
<p><p><a href="./index.html">Return to the GCC Installation page</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|