Fixed audio glitch (but haven't cleaned up code)

docs/log.txt

@@ -267,6 +267,11 @@ Audio
   when it's written to the buffer (and overfills).  Attempt to not write to the buffer means audio stops
   when the source buffer is full
 
+2022-01-24
+- finally took another look and the glitching turned out to be an issue with the buffer size where the
+  check before the audio devices write only account for one channel of audio instead of two, so the
+  buffer was over filling.  Dividing the available buffer size by 2 fixed it
+
 
 
 

frontends/moa-common/src/audio.rs

@@ -131,20 +131,23 @@ impl AudioSource {
     }
 
     pub fn space_available(&self) -> usize {
-        self.buffer.free_space()
+        self.buffer.free_space() / 2
     }
 
     pub fn fill_with(&mut self, buffer: &[f32]) {
-        for sample in buffer.iter() {
+        if self.buffer.free_space() > buffer.len() * 2 {
-            // TODO this is here to keep it quiet for testing, but should be removed later
+            for sample in buffer.iter() {
-            let sample = 0.5 * *sample;
+                // TODO this is here to keep it quiet for testing, but should be removed later
-            self.buffer.insert(sample);
+                let sample = 0.5 * *sample;
-            self.buffer.insert(sample);
+                self.buffer.insert(sample);
-            if self.buffer.is_full() {
+                self.buffer.insert(sample);
-                break;
             }
         }
 
+        self.flush();
+    }
+
+    pub fn flush(&mut self) {
         if self.buffer.used_space() >= self.frame_size {
             let mut locked_mixer = self.mixer.lock();
 
@@ -176,8 +179,11 @@ impl Audio for AudioSource {
     fn write_samples(&mut self, buffer: &[f32]) {
         self.fill_with(buffer);
     }
-}
 
+    fn flush(&mut self) {
+        self.flush();
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct AudioMixer {

frontends/moa-minifb/src/bin/moa-ym2612.rs

@@ -1,48 +1,55 @@
 
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+
 use moa_minifb;
 use moa::peripherals::ym2612::{Ym2612};
+use moa::peripherals::sn76489::{Sn76489};
 
 use moa::error::Error;
 use moa::system::System;
 use moa::host::gfx::Frame;
 use moa::devices::{ClockElapsed, Address, Addressable, Steppable, Transmutable, TransmutableBox, wrap_transmutable};
 use moa::host::keys::{Key};
-use moa::host::traits::{Host, HostData, WindowUpdater, KeyboardUpdater};
+use moa::host::traits::{Host, HostData, KeyboardUpdater};
 
 
-pub struct SynthControlsUpdater(HostData<bool>);
+pub struct SynthControlsUpdater(mpsc::Sender<(Key, bool)>);
 
 impl KeyboardUpdater for SynthControlsUpdater {
     fn update_keyboard(&mut self, key: Key, state: bool) {
-        match key {
+        self.0.send((key, state)).unwrap();
-            Key::Enter => { self.0.set(state); if state { println!("start"); } },
-            _ => { },
-        }
     }
 }
 
 struct SynthControl {
-    button: HostData<bool>,
+    receiver: mpsc::Receiver<(Key, bool)>,
-    last: bool,
 }
 
 impl SynthControl {
-    pub fn new(button: HostData<bool>) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(receiver: mpsc::Receiver<(Key, bool)>) -> Self {
         Self {
-            button,
+            receiver,
-            last: false,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl Steppable for SynthControl {
     fn step(&mut self, system: &System) -> Result<ClockElapsed, Error> {
-        let current = self.button.get();
+        if let Ok((key, state)) = self.receiver.try_recv() {
 
-        if current != self.last {
+            match key {
-            self.last = current;
+                Key::Enter => {
-            system.get_bus().write_u8(0x00, 0x28)?;
+                    system.get_bus().write_u8(0x00, 0x28)?;
-            system.get_bus().write_u8(0x01, if current { 0xF0 } else { 0x00 })?;
+                    system.get_bus().write_u8(0x01, if state { 0xF0 } else { 0x00 })?;
+                },
+
+                Key::A => {
+                    system.get_bus().write_u8(0x10, 0x84)?;
+                    system.get_bus().write_u8(0x10, 0x0F)?;
+                    system.get_bus().write_u8(0x10, if state { 0x90 } else { 0x9F })?;
+                },
+                _ => { },
+            }
         }
 
         Ok(1_000_000)
@@ -84,17 +91,20 @@ fn main() {
     moa_minifb::run(matches, |host| {
         let mut system = System::new();
 
-        let button = HostData::new(false);
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
-        let control = wrap_transmutable(SynthControl::new(button.clone()));
+        let control = wrap_transmutable(SynthControl::new(receiver));
         system.add_device("control", control)?;
 
         let ym_sound = wrap_transmutable(Ym2612::create(host)?);
         initialize_ym(ym_sound.clone())?;
         system.add_addressable_device(0x00, ym_sound)?;
 
+        let sn_sound = wrap_transmutable(Sn76489::create(host)?);
+        system.add_addressable_device(0x10, sn_sound)?;
+
         let frame = Frame::new_shared(384, 128);
         host.add_window(Frame::new_updater(frame.clone()))?;
-        host.register_keyboard(Box::new(SynthControlsUpdater(button)))?;
+        host.register_keyboard(Box::new(SynthControlsUpdater(sender)))?;
 
         Ok(system)
     });

src/host/audio.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ impl SineWave {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn set_frequency(&mut self, frequency: f32) {
+        self.frequency = frequency;
+    }
+
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         self.position = 0;
     }
@@ -49,6 +53,10 @@ impl SquareWave {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn set_frequency(&mut self, frequency: f32) {
+        self.frequency = frequency;
+    }
+
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         self.position = 0;
     }
@@ -65,3 +73,82 @@ impl Iterator for SquareWave {
     }
 }
 
+
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum SkewedSquareWaveStage {
+    Rising,
+    Positive,
+    Falling,
+    Negative,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SkewedSquareWave {
+    pub stage: SkewedSquareWaveStage,
+    pub frequency: f32,
+    pub skew: f32,
+    pub sample_rate: usize,
+    pub position: usize,
+    pub sample: f32,
+}
+
+impl SkewedSquareWave {
+    pub fn new(frequency: f32, sample_rate: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            stage: SkewedSquareWaveStage::Rising,
+            frequency,
+            skew: 0.1,
+            sample_rate,
+            position: 0,
+            sample: 0.0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_frequency(&mut self, frequency: f32) {
+        self.frequency = frequency;
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        self.stage = SkewedSquareWaveStage::Rising;
+        self.position = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for SkewedSquareWave {
+    type Item = f32;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<f32> {
+        let samples_per_hz = self.sample_rate as f32 / self.frequency;
+        self.position += 1;
+
+        match self.stage {
+            SkewedSquareWaveStage::Rising => {
+                self.sample += self.skew;
+                if self.sample >= 1.0 {
+                    self.sample = 1.0;
+                    self.stage = SkewedSquareWaveStage::Positive;
+                }
+            },
+            SkewedSquareWaveStage::Positive => {
+                if (self.position as f32 % samples_per_hz) >= (samples_per_hz / 2.0) {
+                    self.stage = SkewedSquareWaveStage::Falling;
+                }
+            },
+            SkewedSquareWaveStage::Falling => {
+                self.sample -= self.skew;
+                if self.sample <= -1.0 {
+                    self.sample = -1.0;
+                    self.stage = SkewedSquareWaveStage::Negative;
+                }
+            },
+            SkewedSquareWaveStage::Negative => {
+                if (self.position as f32 % samples_per_hz) < (samples_per_hz / 2.0) {
+                    self.stage = SkewedSquareWaveStage::Rising;
+                }
+            },
+        }
+        Some(self.sample)
+    }
+}
+

src/host/traits.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ pub trait Audio {
     fn samples_per_second(&self) -> usize;
     fn space_available(&self) -> usize;
     fn write_samples(&mut self, buffer: &[f32]);
+    fn flush(&mut self);
 }
 
 pub trait BlitableSurface {

src/peripherals/sn76489.rs

@@ -8,39 +8,94 @@ use crate::host::traits::{Host, Audio};
 
 const DEV_NAME: &'static str = "sn76489";
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Channel {
+    on: bool,
+    attenuation: f32,
+    wave: SquareWave,
+}
+
+impl Channel {
+    pub fn new(sample_rate: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            on: false,
+            attenuation: 0.0,
+            wave: SquareWave::new(600.0, sample_rate),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_attenuation(&mut self, attenuation: u8) {
+        if attenuation == 0x0F {
+            self.on = false;
+        } else {
+            self.on = true;
+            self.attenuation = (attenuation << 1) as f32;
+        }
+        println!("set attenuation to {} {}", self.attenuation, self.on);
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_counter(&mut self, count: usize) {
+        let frequency = 3_579_545.0 / (count as f32 * 32.0);
+        self.wave.set_frequency(frequency);
+        println!("set frequency to {}", frequency);
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_sample(&mut self) -> f32 {
+        self.wave.next().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+
 pub struct Sn76489 {
     pub regs: [u8; 8],
     pub first_byte: Option<u8>,
     pub source: Box<dyn Audio>,
-    pub sine: SquareWave,
+    pub channels: Vec<Channel>,
 }
 
 impl Sn76489 {
     pub fn create<H: Host>(host: &mut H) -> Result<Self, Error> {
         let source = host.create_audio_source()?;
-        let sine = SquareWave::new(600.0, source.samples_per_second());
+        let sample_rate = source.samples_per_second();
 
         Ok(Self {
             regs: [0; 8],
             first_byte: None,
             source,
-            sine,
+            channels: vec![Channel::new(sample_rate); 3],
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl Steppable for Sn76489 {
     fn step(&mut self, _system: &System) -> Result<ClockElapsed, Error> {
-        // TODO since you expect this step function to be called every 1ms of simulated time
+        let rate = self.source.samples_per_second();
-        //      you could assume that you should produce (sample_rate / 1000) samples
+        let available = self.source.space_available();
+        let samples = if available < rate / 1000 { available } else { rate / 1000 };
 
-        if self.sine.frequency > 200.0 { 
+        if samples > 0 {
-            self.sine.frequency -= 1.0;
+        //if available >= rate / 1000 {
+            let mut buffer = vec![0.0; samples];
+            for i in 0..samples {
+                let mut sample = 0.0;
+                let mut count = 0;
+
+                for ch in 0..3 {
+                    if self.channels[ch].on {
+                        sample += self.channels[ch].get_sample();
+                        count += 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if count > 0 {
+                    buffer[i] = sample / count as f32;
+                }
+            }
+            self.source.write_samples(&buffer);
+        } else {
+            self.source.flush();
         }
 
-        //let rate = self.source.samples_per_second();
-        //self.source.write_samples(rate / 1000, &mut self.sine);
-        //println!("{}", self.sine.frequency);
         Ok(1_000_000)          // Every 1ms of simulated time
     }
 }
@@ -62,13 +117,25 @@ impl Addressable for Sn76489 {
         }
 
         if (data[0] & 0x80) == 0 {
-            // TODO update noise byte
+            let first = self.first_byte.unwrap_or(0);
+            let reg = (first & 0x70) >> 4;
+            let value = ((data[0] as usize & 0x3F) << 4) | (first as usize & 0x0F);
+            match reg {
+                0 => self.channels[0].set_counter(value),
+                2 => self.channels[1].set_counter(value),
+                4 => self.channels[2].set_counter(value),
+                _ => { },
+            }
         } else {
             let reg = (data[0] & 0x70) >> 4;
-            if reg == 6 {
+            self.first_byte = Some(data[0]);
-                self.first_byte = Some(data[0]);
+            //self.regs[reg as usize] = data[0] & 0x0F;
-            } else {
+            let attenuation = data[0] & 0x0F;
-                self.regs[reg as usize] = data[0] & 0x0F;
+            match reg {
+                1 => self.channels[0].set_attenuation(attenuation),
+                3 => self.channels[1].set_attenuation(attenuation),
+                5 => self.channels[2].set_attenuation(attenuation),
+                _ => { },
             }
         }
         debug!("{}: write to register {:x} with {:x}", DEV_NAME, addr, data[0]);

src/peripherals/ym2612.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ pub enum OperatorAlgorithm {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Operator {
     pub wave: SineWave,
+    pub frequency: f32,
     pub multiplier: f32,
 }
 
@@ -34,12 +35,13 @@ impl Operator {
     pub fn new(sample_rate: usize) -> Self {
         Self {
             wave: SineWave::new(400.0, sample_rate),
+            frequency: 400.0,
             multiplier: 1.0,
         }
     }
 
     pub fn set_frequency(&mut self, frequency: f32) {
-        self.wave.frequency = frequency * self.multiplier;
+        self.frequency = frequency;
     }
 
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
@@ -48,11 +50,11 @@ impl Operator {
 
     pub fn set_multiplier(&mut self, frequency: f32, multiplier: f32) {
         self.multiplier = multiplier;
-        self.set_frequency(frequency);
     }
 
-    pub fn get_sample(&mut self) -> f32 {
+    pub fn get_sample(&mut self, modulator: f32) -> f32 {
         // TODO this would need to take into account the volume and envelope
+        self.wave.set_frequency((self.frequency * self.multiplier) + modulator);
         self.wave.next().unwrap()
     }
 }
@@ -91,46 +93,53 @@ impl Channel {
     pub fn get_sample(&mut self) -> f32 {
         match self.algorithm {
             OperatorAlgorithm::A0 => {
-                self.operators[0].get_sample()
+                let modulator0 = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0);
-                * self.operators[1].get_sample()
+                let modulator1 = self.operators[1].get_sample(modulator0);
-                * self.operators[2].get_sample()
+                let modulator2 = self.operators[2].get_sample(modulator1);
-                * self.operators[3].get_sample()
+                self.operators[3].get_sample(modulator2)
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A1 => {
-                let sample1 = (self.operators[0].get_sample() + self.operators[1].get_sample()) / 2.0;
+                let sample1 = (self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0) + self.operators[1].get_sample(0.0)) / 2.0;
-                let sample2 = self.operators[2].get_sample();
+                let sample2 = self.operators[2].get_sample(sample1);
-                let sample3 = self.operators[3].get_sample();
+                let sample3 = self.operators[3].get_sample(sample2);
-                sample1 * sample2 * sample3
+                sample3
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A2 => {
-                let mut sample = (self.operators[0].get_sample() + (self.operators[1].get_sample() * self.operators[2].get_sample())) / 2.0;
+                let sample1 = self.operators[1].get_sample(0.0);
-                sample *= self.operators[3].get_sample();
+                let sample2 = self.operators[2].get_sample(sample1);
-                sample
+                let sample3 = (self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0) + sample2) / 2.0;
+                let sample4 = self.operators[3].get_sample(sample3);
+                sample4
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A3 => {
-                let mut sample = ((self.operators[0].get_sample() * self.operators[1].get_sample()) + self.operators[2].get_sample()) / 2.0;
+                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0);
-                sample *= self.operators[3].get_sample();
+                let sample2 = self.operators[1].get_sample(sample1);
-                sample
+                let sample3 = self.operators[2].get_sample(0.0);
+                let sample4 = self.operators[3].get_sample((sample2 + sample3) / 2.0);
+                sample4
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A4 => {
-                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample() * self.operators[1].get_sample();
+                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0);
-                let sample2 = self.operators[2].get_sample() * self.operators[3].get_sample();
+                let sample2 = self.operators[1].get_sample(sample1);
-                (sample1 + sample2) / 2.0
+                let sample3 = self.operators[2].get_sample(0.0);
+                let sample4 = self.operators[3].get_sample(sample3);
+                (sample2 + sample4) / 2.0
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A5 => {
-                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample();
+                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0);
-                let sample2 = (self.operators[1].get_sample() + self.operators[2].get_sample() + self.operators[3].get_sample()) / 3.0;
+                let sample2 = (self.operators[1].get_sample(sample1) + self.operators[2].get_sample(sample1) + self.operators[3].get_sample(sample1)) / 3.0;
-                sample1 * sample2
+                sample2
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A6 => {
-                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample() * self.operators[1].get_sample();
+                let sample1 = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0);
-                (sample1 + self.operators[2].get_sample() + self.operators[3].get_sample()) / 3.0
+                let sample2 = self.operators[1].get_sample(sample1);
+                (sample2 + self.operators[2].get_sample(0.0) + self.operators[3].get_sample(0.0)) / 3.0
             },
             OperatorAlgorithm::A7 => {
-                let sample = self.operators[0].get_sample()
+                let sample = self.operators[0].get_sample(0.0)
-                + self.operators[1].get_sample()
+                + self.operators[1].get_sample(0.0)
-                + self.operators[2].get_sample()
+                + self.operators[2].get_sample(0.0)
-                + self.operators[3].get_sample();
+                + self.operators[3].get_sample(0.0);
                 sample / 4.0
             },
         }