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Update webpage for 2.2 release
This commit is contained in:
Michael Martin
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
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HREF="book1.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Example: Fibonnacci Numbers"
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HREF="x1104.html"><LINK
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HREF="x1135.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="hello2.oph"
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HREF="x1119.html"></HEAD
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HREF="x1150.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="APPENDIX"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x1104.html"
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HREF="x1135.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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><<< Previous</A
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x1119.html"
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>Next >>></A
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CLASS="APPENDIX"
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><H1
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><A
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NAME="AEN1112"
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NAME="AEN1143"
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></A
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>Example Programs</H1
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><P
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@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x1104.html"
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><<< Previous</A
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x1119.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next >>></A
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></TD
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@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
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HREF="book1.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="fibonacci.oph"
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HREF="x1163.html"><LINK
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HREF="x1194.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Basic arguments"
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HREF="x1234.html"></HEAD
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HREF="x1265.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="APPENDIX"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x1163.html"
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HREF="x1194.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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><<< Previous</A
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></TD
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="x1234.html"
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HREF="x1265.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next >>></A
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@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECTION"
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><A
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NAME="AEN1169"
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NAME="AEN1200"
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>Command Modes</A
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></H1
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><P
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@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x1163.html"
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HREF="x1194.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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><<< Previous</A
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@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="x1234.html"
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HREF="x1265.html"
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>Next >>></A
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></TD
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190
book/book1.html
190
book/book1.html
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ NAME="AEN4"
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>Michael Martin</H3
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><P
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CLASS="COPYRIGHT"
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>Copyright © 2006-2014 Michael Martin</P
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>Copyright © 2006-2024 Michael Martin</P
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><HR></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="TOC"
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@@ -60,333 +60,343 @@ HREF="f10.html#AEN15"
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x30.html"
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HREF="x32.html"
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>Getting a copy of Ophis</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x42.html"
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HREF="x44.html"
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>About the examples</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>I. <A
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HREF="p51.html"
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HREF="p53.html"
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>Using the Ophis Assembler</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c56.html"
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HREF="c58.html"
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>The basics</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c56.html#AEN69"
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HREF="c58.html#AEN71"
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>A note on numeric notation</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x72.html"
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HREF="x74.html"
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>Producing Commodore 64 programs</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x141.html"
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HREF="x156.html"
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>Related commands and options</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x162.html"
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HREF="x177.html"
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>Writing the actual code</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x171.html"
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HREF="x186.html"
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>Assembling the code</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c236.html"
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HREF="c251.html"
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>Labels and aliases</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c236.html#AEN242"
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HREF="c251.html#AEN257"
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>Temporary labels</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x251.html"
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HREF="x266.html"
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>Anonymous labels</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x262.html"
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HREF="x277.html"
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>Aliasing</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c273.html"
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HREF="c288.html"
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>Headers, Libraries, and Macros</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c273.html#AEN277"
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HREF="c288.html#AEN292"
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>Header files and libraries</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x298.html"
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HREF="x313.html"
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>Macros</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x328.html"
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HREF="x342.html"
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>Example code</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c333.html"
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HREF="c347.html"
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>Character maps</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c367.html"
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HREF="c383.html"
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>Local variables and memory segments</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c409.html"
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HREF="c427.html"
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>Expressions</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c460.html"
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HREF="c478.html"
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>Advanced Memory Segments</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c460.html#AEN465"
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HREF="c478.html#AEN483"
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>The Problem</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x471.html"
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HREF="x489.html"
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>The Solution</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c489.html"
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>Platform-Specific Techniques</A
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HREF="c507.html"
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>Included Platform Support</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c489.html#AEN492"
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HREF="c507.html#AEN510"
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>The Commodore 64 and VIC-20</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x606.html"
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HREF="x624.html"
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>The Nintendo Entertainment System</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x611.html"
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HREF="x632.html"
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>The Atari 2600 VCS</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x640.html"
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>Other Atari 8-bits</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x645.html"
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>The Apple II series</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>II. <A
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HREF="p618.html"
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HREF="p649.html"
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>To HLL and Back</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c623.html"
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HREF="c654.html"
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>The Second Step</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c623.html#AEN626"
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HREF="c654.html#AEN657"
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>The problem</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x635.html"
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HREF="x666.html"
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>The solution</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x641.html"
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HREF="x672.html"
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>Unsigned arithmetic</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x664.html"
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HREF="x695.html"
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>16-bit addition and subtraction</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x674.html"
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HREF="x705.html"
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>16-bit comparisons</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>Structured Programming</A
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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>Control constructs</A
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><DT
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HREF="x734.html"
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>The stack</A
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><DT
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>Procedures and register saving</A
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><DT
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HREF="x789.html"
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>Variables</A
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><DT
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>Data structures</A
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><DT
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HREF="x856.html"
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>A modest example: Insertion sort on linked lists</A
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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>Pointers and Indirection</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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HREF="c885.html#AEN890"
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HREF="c916.html#AEN921"
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>The absolute basics</A
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><DT
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HREF="x919.html"
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>Pointer arithmetic</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x935.html"
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HREF="x966.html"
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>What about Indexed Indirect?</A
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></DT
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><DT
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HREF="x942.html"
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HREF="x973.html"
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>Comparison with the other indexed forms</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x950.html"
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HREF="x981.html"
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>Conclusion</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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HREF="c984.html"
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>Functionals</A
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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HREF="c953.html#AEN958"
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HREF="c984.html#AEN989"
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>Function Pointers</A
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><DT
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HREF="x973.html"
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HREF="x1004.html"
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>A quick digression on how subroutines work</A
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x992.html"
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HREF="x1023.html"
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>Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x1008.html"
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>VTables and Object-Oriented Assembler</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x1029.html"
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HREF="x1060.html"
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>A final reminder</A
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="c1068.html"
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>Call Stacks</A
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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>Recursion</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x1052.html"
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>Our Goals</A
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x1104.html"
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>Example: Fibonnacci Numbers</A
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></DT
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></DL
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></DD
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><DT
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HREF="a1143.html"
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>Example Programs</A
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></DT
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><DD
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><DL
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="a1112.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
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HREF="a1143.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
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><TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>hello1.oph</TT
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></DT
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><DT
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HREF="x1150.html"
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><TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>hello2.oph</TT
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></DT
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><DT
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><A
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HREF="x1123.html"
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HREF="x1154.html"
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><TT
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CLASS="FILENAME"
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>c64-1.oph</TT
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></DT
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><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>c64kernal.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -434,7 +444,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello3.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -442,7 +452,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -450,7 +460,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4b.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -458,7 +468,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4c.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -466,7 +476,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello5.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -474,7 +484,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello6.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -482,7 +492,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello7.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -490,7 +500,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>structuredemo.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -498,7 +508,7 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1163.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1194.html"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>fibonacci.oph</TT
|
||||
@@ -508,101 +518,101 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
></DD
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"
|
||||
>Ophis Command Reference</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DD
|
||||
><DL
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html#AEN1169"
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html#AEN1200"
|
||||
>Command Modes</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1234.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1265.html"
|
||||
>Basic arguments</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DD
|
||||
><DL
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1234.html#AEN1237"
|
||||
HREF="x1265.html#AEN1268"
|
||||
>Numeric types</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1234.html#AEN1260"
|
||||
HREF="x1265.html#AEN1291"
|
||||
>Label types</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1234.html#AEN1273"
|
||||
HREF="x1265.html#AEN1304"
|
||||
>String types</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
></DD
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1282.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1313.html"
|
||||
>Compound Arguments</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1309.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1340.html"
|
||||
>Memory Model</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DD
|
||||
><DL
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1309.html#AEN1312"
|
||||
HREF="x1340.html#AEN1343"
|
||||
>Basic PC tracking</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1309.html#AEN1321"
|
||||
HREF="x1340.html#AEN1352"
|
||||
>Basic Segmentation simulation</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1309.html#AEN1345"
|
||||
HREF="x1340.html#AEN1376"
|
||||
>General Segmentation Simulation</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
></DD
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1354.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1385.html"
|
||||
>Macros</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DD
|
||||
><DL
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1354.html#AEN1358"
|
||||
HREF="x1385.html#AEN1389"
|
||||
>Defining Macros</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1354.html#AEN1364"
|
||||
HREF="x1385.html#AEN1395"
|
||||
>Invoking Macros</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1354.html#AEN1372"
|
||||
HREF="x1385.html#AEN1403"
|
||||
>Passing Arguments to Macros</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1354.html#AEN1382"
|
||||
HREF="x1385.html#AEN1413"
|
||||
>Features and Restrictions of the Ophis Macro Model</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
></DD
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1394.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1425.html"
|
||||
>Assembler directives</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="A final reminder"
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Our Goals"
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1037"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1068"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Call Stacks</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ NAME="AEN1037"
|
||||
end up stomping on its previous values, and everything will be
|
||||
hideously scrambled. Various workarounds for this are covered
|
||||
in <A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Structured Programming</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1041"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1072"
|
||||
>Recursion</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> As we saw in <A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Assembling the code"
|
||||
HREF="x171.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x186.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Anonymous labels"
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x171.html"
|
||||
HREF="x186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN236"
|
||||
NAME="AEN251"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Labels and aliases</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN242"
|
||||
NAME="AEN257"
|
||||
>Temporary labels</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -118,12 +118,12 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
currently active scope.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> We can thus rewrite our header data using temporary labels, thus
|
||||
allowing the main program to have a label
|
||||
named <TT
|
||||
> We can rewrite our header data using temporary labels, allowing
|
||||
the main program to have a label named <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>next</TT
|
||||
> if it wants.
|
||||
>
|
||||
if it wants.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x171.html"
|
||||
HREF="x186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Aliasing"
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Macros"
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN277"
|
||||
NAME="AEN292"
|
||||
>Header files and libraries</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -113,7 +113,8 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.require</TT
|
||||
>, will include
|
||||
the file as long as it hasn't been included yet elsewhere. It
|
||||
is useful for ensuring a library is linked in.
|
||||
is useful for ensuring a library is present somewhere in the
|
||||
final code.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> For pre-assembled code or raw binary data,
|
||||
@@ -158,14 +159,14 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
> Since there have been no interesting changes to the prelude, and
|
||||
the KERNAL values are standard, we do not reproduce them here.
|
||||
(The files in question are <A
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>c64-1.oph</I
|
||||
></I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
> and <A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>c64kernal.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -218,7 +219,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Example code"
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Local variables and memory segments"
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -93,14 +93,14 @@ CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> There actually are better ways of getting a time-delay on the
|
||||
Commodore 64; we'll deal with those in <A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Local variables and memory segments</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>.
|
||||
As a result, there isn't really a lot to discuss here. The later
|
||||
tutorials will be building off of <A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -124,13 +124,13 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>lower'case</TT
|
||||
> aliases back
|
||||
in <A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Headers, Libraries, and Macros</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
> as part of the
|
||||
standard <A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>c64kernal.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ target10: .byte "Universe", 0</PRE
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The code that does this is in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello4b.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The fixed code is in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello4c.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -271,6 +271,16 @@ CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>petscii.map</TT
|
||||
>.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Versions of Ophis prior to 2.2 have a bug where only the first
|
||||
argument to <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.byte</TT
|
||||
> would be translated. That's
|
||||
fine for our example code here, with only one string per line, but
|
||||
a more text-heavy title that relied on this should confirm their
|
||||
version before getting too far in.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
@@ -288,7 +298,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -306,7 +316,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -322,7 +332,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Character maps"
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Expressions"
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ NAME="CH5-LINK"
|
||||
>Local variables and memory segments</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> As mentioned in <A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Character maps</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -246,7 +246,17 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.text</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
segment, but this is nearly always wrong.
|
||||
segment, but this is nearly always wrong. Remember,
|
||||
both <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.org</TT
|
||||
> and <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.space</TT
|
||||
> only
|
||||
ever alter the way that Ophis computes labels. They do not output
|
||||
any bytes, nor do they change where in the output file the bytes
|
||||
are actually written.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The final version of <TT
|
||||
@@ -331,7 +341,7 @@ CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The final program is available as <A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello5.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -358,7 +368,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -376,7 +386,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -392,7 +402,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Local variables and memory segments"
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Advanced Memory Segments"
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN409"
|
||||
NAME="AEN427"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Expressions</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>cache</TT
|
||||
> once, but
|
||||
can use addition to refer to any offset from it.<A
|
||||
NAME="AEN425"
|
||||
HREF="#FTN.AEN425"
|
||||
NAME="AEN443"
|
||||
HREF="#FTN.AEN443"
|
||||
><SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
>[1]</SPAN
|
||||
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="TABLE"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN429"
|
||||
NAME="AEN447"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><P
|
||||
><B
|
||||
@@ -280,13 +280,13 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Note that brackets, not parentheses, are used to group arithmetic
|
||||
operations. This is because parentheses are used for the indirect
|
||||
addressing modes, and it makes parsing much easier.
|
||||
operations. Parentheses are reserved for the indirect addressing
|
||||
modes.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The code for this version of the code is
|
||||
in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello6.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
VALIGN="TOP"
|
||||
WIDTH="5%"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="FTN.AEN425"
|
||||
HREF="c409.html#AEN425"
|
||||
NAME="FTN.AEN443"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html#AEN443"
|
||||
><SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
>[1]</SPAN
|
||||
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Expressions"
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Solution"
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN460"
|
||||
NAME="AEN478"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Advanced Memory Segments</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN465"
|
||||
NAME="AEN483"
|
||||
>The Problem</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>print'str</TT
|
||||
> routine
|
||||
in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello6.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
memory locations $10 and $11 directly. We'd prefer to have
|
||||
symbolic names for them. This reprises our concerns back in
|
||||
<A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Local variables and memory segments</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</TITLE
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The Solution"
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Nintendo Entertainment System"
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN489"
|
||||
NAME="AEN507"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</H1
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Ophis is intended to produce cross-assembled binaries that will
|
||||
run in a variety of contexts. The expectation is that most users
|
||||
@@ -89,16 +89,14 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN492"
|
||||
NAME="AEN510"
|
||||
>The Commodore 64 and VIC-20</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> In a real sense, the Commodore 64 is the "native"
|
||||
target platform for Ophis. It was the first platform targeted
|
||||
and it's the one that has received the most additional
|
||||
support. It's also one where the developer needs to take the
|
||||
most care about exactly what kind of program they are
|
||||
writing.
|
||||
support.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
></P
|
||||
@@ -213,7 +211,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN520"
|
||||
NAME="AEN538"
|
||||
>Using LIBBASIC64</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -479,7 +477,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x471.html"
|
||||
HREF="x489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -497,7 +495,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -513,7 +511,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Producing Commodore 64 programs"
|
||||
HREF="x72.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x74.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
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||||
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||||
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||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
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||||
><A
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
></TD
|
||||
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|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN69"
|
||||
NAME="AEN71"
|
||||
>A note on numeric notation</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
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><A
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||||
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><<< Previous</A
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><A
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The solution"
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x666.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
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><<< Previous</A
|
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></TD
|
||||
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||||
ALIGN="right"
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||||
VALIGN="bottom"
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN626"
|
||||
NAME="AEN657"
|
||||
>The problem</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
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||||
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><A
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||||
HREF="p618.html"
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><<< Previous</A
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></TD
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||||
ALIGN="right"
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||||
VALIGN="top"
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
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||||
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||||
ALIGN="center"
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||||
VALIGN="top"
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||||
><A
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="16-bit comparisons"
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x705.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The stack"
|
||||
HREF="x734.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x765.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"
|
||||
HREF="x705.html"
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||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
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||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
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|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x734.html"
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||||
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||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN685"
|
||||
NAME="AEN716"
|
||||
>Control constructs</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN687"
|
||||
NAME="AEN718"
|
||||
>Branches: <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>if x then y else z</TT
|
||||
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN698"
|
||||
NAME="AEN729"
|
||||
>Free loops: <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>while x do y</TT
|
||||
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN710"
|
||||
NAME="AEN741"
|
||||
>Bounded loops: <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>for i = x to y do z</TT
|
||||
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x734.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="A modest example: Insertion sort on linked lists"
|
||||
HREF="x856.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x887.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointer arithmetic"
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x856.html"
|
||||
HREF="x887.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ NAME="HLL3"
|
||||
> The basics of pointers versus cursors (or, at the 6502 assembler
|
||||
level, the indirect indexed addressing mode versus the absolute
|
||||
indexed ones) were covered in <A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Structured Programming</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN890"
|
||||
NAME="AEN921"
|
||||
>The absolute basics</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN895"
|
||||
NAME="AEN926"
|
||||
>The simplest example</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x856.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Conclusion"
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x981.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="A quick digression on how subroutines work"
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1004.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
CLASS="CHAPTER"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN953"
|
||||
NAME="AEN984"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>Functionals</H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN958"
|
||||
NAME="AEN989"
|
||||
>Function Pointers</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
></TD
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Getting a copy of Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="PREFACE"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
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|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ NAME="AEN10"
|
||||
consoles. Its primary design goals are code readability and output
|
||||
flexibility - Ophis has successfully been used to create programs
|
||||
for the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Atari 2600, and various
|
||||
8-bit Commodore machines.
|
||||
8-bit Commodore and Apple machines.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Ophis's syntax is noticably different from the formats
|
||||
@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ NAME="AEN15"
|
||||
cross-assembler for the 6502 chip the C64 used in both.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The Perl one—uncreatively
|
||||
dubbed <SPAN
|
||||
> The Perl one—uncreatively dubbed
|
||||
<SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"Perl65"</SPAN
|
||||
>—was quickly abandoned, but
|
||||
the Python one saw more work. When it came time to name it, one
|
||||
of the things I had been hoping to do with the assembler was to
|
||||
>—was quickly abandoned, but the
|
||||
Python one saw more work. When it came time to name it, one of
|
||||
the things I had been hoping to do with the assembler was to
|
||||
produce working Apple II programs. <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"Ophis"</SPAN
|
||||
@@ -160,24 +160,47 @@ CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> After its release Ophis 2 was picked up by a number of
|
||||
developers work with actual hardware from the period, including
|
||||
prototype machines that never saw production. Some of their
|
||||
contributions have refined the code generators for version 2.1.
|
||||
developers working with actual hardware from the period,
|
||||
including prototype machines that never saw production. Some
|
||||
of their contributions have refined the code generators for
|
||||
version 2.1.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> This is an updated edition of <I
|
||||
> At that point, the program was basically done, and very little
|
||||
changes for about five years. The world, however, moved on, and
|
||||
Python 2, my implementation language, was deprecated and
|
||||
rendered obsolete. That didn't change much about the 2.1
|
||||
release—Python 2 was still installed on non-Windows
|
||||
machines by default, and the Windows distribution was as a
|
||||
bundled .EXE file—but it threatened the viability of the
|
||||
program overall. In 2019, then, I converted the source base to
|
||||
the backwards-incompatible Python 3, in the hopes of
|
||||
future-proofing the system. Five years after
|
||||
<I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>Programming With
|
||||
Ophis</I
|
||||
>, including documentation for all new features
|
||||
introduced and expanding the examples to include simple
|
||||
demonstration programs for platforms besides the Commodore
|
||||
64. It also includes updated versions of the <I
|
||||
>that</I
|
||||
>, enough bug reports and bug fixes had
|
||||
trickled in to justify a fresh release, and 2.2 was published in
|
||||
2024—a lightly polished update that now fit more neatly
|
||||
into the Python toolchains of the 2020s.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> In the twenty years since I first started this project, I've
|
||||
gained quite a bit more experience with programming the computer
|
||||
systems of the 1970s and 1980s. I have left this manual largely
|
||||
as it was in its 2014 edition, including its versions of the
|
||||
<I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>To HLL
|
||||
and Back</I
|
||||
> essays I wrote using Ophis and Perl65 as
|
||||
example languages.
|
||||
>To HLL and Back</I
|
||||
> essays I wrote using Ophis
|
||||
and Perl65 as example languages. I don't think I stand behind my
|
||||
design decisions back then as firmly as I did when I wrote those
|
||||
essays, but there's noting <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>wrong</I
|
||||
> with them
|
||||
either so I'm happy to leave them as a testament to my younger,
|
||||
brasher self.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
@@ -207,10 +230,10 @@ VALIGN="TOP"
|
||||
WIDTH="95%"
|
||||
><P
|
||||
>Ironically, cross-platform development
|
||||
for the Apple II is extremely difficult, and while Ophis has
|
||||
been very successfully used to develop code for the Commodore
|
||||
64, Nintendo Entertainment System, and Atari 2600, it has yet to
|
||||
actually be deployed on any of the Apples which inspired its
|
||||
for the Apple II is much less straightforward than for the
|
||||
Commodore 8-bits or ROM-based consoles, and it took many years
|
||||
after its release before it was actually used to write code
|
||||
deployed on any of the Apples which inspired its
|
||||
name.</P
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
@@ -249,7 +272,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="About the examples"
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="PART"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="PART"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN51"
|
||||
NAME="AEN53"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
|
||||
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CLASS="TITLE"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN53"
|
||||
NAME="AEN55"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The chapters in Part 1 are a tutorial guiding you through the
|
||||
@@ -99,43 +99,43 @@ CLASS="TOC"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
>The basics</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
>Labels and aliases</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
>Headers, Libraries, and Macros</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
>Character maps</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c367.html"
|
||||
HREF="c383.html"
|
||||
>Local variables and memory segments</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c409.html"
|
||||
HREF="c427.html"
|
||||
>Expressions</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
>Advanced Memory Segments</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The Atari 2600 VCS"
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="The Apple II series"
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="PART"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="PART"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN618"
|
||||
NAME="AEN649"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
|
||||
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ CLASS="TITLE"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="PARTINTRO"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN620"
|
||||
NAME="AEN651"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> This is a compilation of an essay series I wrote from
|
||||
@@ -100,27 +100,27 @@ CLASS="TOC"
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
>The Second Step</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
>Structured Programming</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
>Functionals</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
><DT
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
>Call Stacks</A
|
||||
></DT
|
||||
></DL
|
||||
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>The Atari 2600 VCS</TD
|
||||
>The Apple II series</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
215
book/x1004.html
Normal file
215
book/x1004.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>A quick digression on how subroutines work</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1004"
|
||||
>A quick digression on how subroutines work</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Ordinarily, subroutines are called with <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> and
|
||||
finished with <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
>. The <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
instruction takes its own address, adds 2 to it, and pushes this
|
||||
16-bit value on the stack, high byte first, then low byte (so that
|
||||
the low byte will be popped off first).
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> But wait, you may object. All <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> instructions
|
||||
are three bytes long. This <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"return address"</SPAN
|
||||
> is in
|
||||
the middle of the instruction. And you would be quite right;
|
||||
the <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
> instruction pops off the 16-bit
|
||||
address, adds one to it, and <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>then</I
|
||||
> sets the
|
||||
program counter to that value.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> So it <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>is</I
|
||||
> possible to set up
|
||||
a <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"<TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> indirect"</SPAN
|
||||
> kind of operation
|
||||
by adding two to the indirect jump's address and then pushing that
|
||||
value onto the stack before making the jump; however, you wouldn't
|
||||
want to do this. It takes six bytes and trashes your accumulator,
|
||||
and you can get the same functionality with half the space and
|
||||
with no register corruption by simply defining the indirect jump
|
||||
to be a one-instruction routine and <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>-ing to
|
||||
it directly. As an added bonus, that way if you have multiple
|
||||
indirect jumps through the same pointer, you don't need to
|
||||
duplicate the jump instruction.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Does this mean that abusing <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
and <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
> is a dead-end, though? Not at all...
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="A quick digression on how subroutines work"
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1004.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="VTables and Object-Oriented Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1004.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN992"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1023"
|
||||
>Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1004.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="A final reminder"
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1008"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1039"
|
||||
>VTables and Object-Oriented Assembler</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>invokevirtual</TT
|
||||
>, probably in some global
|
||||
argument array somewhere as discussed back in <A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
>the Chapter called <I
|
||||
>Structured Programming</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1023.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1029.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1060.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="VTables and Object-Oriented Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Call Stacks"
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1029"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1060"
|
||||
>A final reminder</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1008.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1039.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Call Stacks"
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Call Stacks"
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Example: Fibonnacci Numbers"
|
||||
HREF="x1104.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1104.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1052"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1083"
|
||||
>Our Goals</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1104.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
219
book/x1104.html
219
book/x1104.html
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Example: Fibonnacci Numbers</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Call Stacks"
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Our Goals"
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Call Stacks</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1104"
|
||||
>Example: Fibonnacci Numbers</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> About the simplest <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"interesting"</SPAN
|
||||
> recursive function
|
||||
is the Fibonacci numbers. The function fib(x) is defined as being
|
||||
1 if x is 0 or 1, and being fib(x-2)+fib(x-1) otherwise.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Actually expressing it like that directly produces a very
|
||||
inefficient implementation, but it's a simple demonstration of the
|
||||
system. Here's code for expressing the fib function:
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
>.scope
|
||||
; Uint16 fib (Uint8 x): compute Xth fibonnaci number.
|
||||
; fib(0) = fib(1) = 1.
|
||||
; Stack usage: 3.
|
||||
|
||||
fib: lda #$03
|
||||
jsr save'stack
|
||||
lda fun'vars
|
||||
cmp #$02
|
||||
bcc _base
|
||||
|
||||
dec fun'args
|
||||
jsr fib
|
||||
lda fun'args
|
||||
sta fun'vars+1
|
||||
lda fun'args+1
|
||||
sta fun'vars+2
|
||||
lda fun'vars
|
||||
sec
|
||||
sbc #$02
|
||||
sta fun'args
|
||||
jsr fib
|
||||
clc
|
||||
lda fun'args
|
||||
adc fun'vars+1
|
||||
sta fun'args
|
||||
lda fun'args+1
|
||||
adc fun'vars+2
|
||||
sta fun'args+1
|
||||
jmp _done
|
||||
|
||||
_base: ldy #$01
|
||||
sty fun'args
|
||||
dey
|
||||
sty fun'args+1
|
||||
|
||||
_done: lda #$03
|
||||
jsr restore'stack
|
||||
rts
|
||||
.scend</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The full application, which deals with interfacing with CBM BASIC
|
||||
and handles console I/O and such, is in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1163.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>fibonacci.oph</I
|
||||
></I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1052.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Our Goals</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c1037.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Example Programs</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
166
book/x1135.html
166
book/x1135.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</TITLE
|
||||
>Example: Fibonnacci Numbers</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="Call Stacks"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello3.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="Our Goals"
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4b.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"></HEAD
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Example Programs</TD
|
||||
>Call Stacks</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,12 +73,22 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="TUTOR4A-SRC"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</TT
|
||||
></A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1135"
|
||||
>Example: Fibonnacci Numbers</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> About the simplest <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"interesting"</SPAN
|
||||
> recursive function
|
||||
is the Fibonacci numbers. The function fib(x) is defined as being
|
||||
1 if x is 0 or 1, and being fib(x-2)+fib(x-1) otherwise.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Actually expressing it like that directly produces a very
|
||||
inefficient implementation, but it's a simple demonstration of the
|
||||
system. Here's code for expressing the fib function:
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
||||
@@ -87,76 +97,60 @@ WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
>.include "c64-1.oph"
|
||||
.outfile "hello.prg"
|
||||
>.scope
|
||||
; Uint16 fib (Uint8 x): compute Xth fibonnaci number.
|
||||
; fib(0) = fib(1) = 1.
|
||||
; Stack usage: 3.
|
||||
|
||||
.macro print
|
||||
ldx #0
|
||||
_loop: lda _1, x
|
||||
beq _done
|
||||
jsr chrout
|
||||
inx
|
||||
bne _loop
|
||||
_done:
|
||||
.macend
|
||||
fib: lda #$03
|
||||
jsr save'stack
|
||||
lda fun'vars
|
||||
cmp #$02
|
||||
bcc _base
|
||||
|
||||
.macro greet
|
||||
lda #30
|
||||
jsr delay
|
||||
`print hello1
|
||||
`print _1
|
||||
`print hello2
|
||||
.macend
|
||||
dec fun'args
|
||||
jsr fib
|
||||
lda fun'args
|
||||
sta fun'vars+1
|
||||
lda fun'args+1
|
||||
sta fun'vars+2
|
||||
lda fun'vars
|
||||
sec
|
||||
sbc #$02
|
||||
sta fun'args
|
||||
jsr fib
|
||||
clc
|
||||
lda fun'args
|
||||
adc fun'vars+1
|
||||
sta fun'args
|
||||
lda fun'args+1
|
||||
adc fun'vars+2
|
||||
sta fun'args+1
|
||||
jmp _done
|
||||
|
||||
lda #147
|
||||
jsr chrout
|
||||
`greet target1
|
||||
`greet target2
|
||||
`greet target3
|
||||
`greet target4
|
||||
`greet target5
|
||||
`greet target6
|
||||
`greet target7
|
||||
`greet target8
|
||||
`greet target9
|
||||
`greet target10
|
||||
_base: ldy #$01
|
||||
sty fun'args
|
||||
dey
|
||||
sty fun'args+1
|
||||
|
||||
_done: lda #$03
|
||||
jsr restore'stack
|
||||
rts
|
||||
|
||||
hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
|
||||
hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
|
||||
|
||||
target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
|
||||
target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
|
||||
target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
|
||||
target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
|
||||
target5: .byte "CITY", 0
|
||||
target6: .byte "NATION", 0
|
||||
target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
|
||||
target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
|
||||
target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
|
||||
target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
|
||||
|
||||
; DELAY routine. Executes 2,560*(A) NOP statements.
|
||||
delay: tax
|
||||
ldy #00
|
||||
* nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
iny
|
||||
bne -
|
||||
dex
|
||||
bne -
|
||||
rts</PRE
|
||||
.scend</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The full application, which deals with interfacing with CBM BASIC
|
||||
and handles console I/O and such, is in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1194.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>fibonacci.oph</I
|
||||
></I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
@@ -174,7 +168,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1083.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -192,7 +186,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -202,16 +196,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello3.oph</TT
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
>Our Goals</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="c1068.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -219,10 +210,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4b.oph</TT
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
>Example Programs</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="c64-1.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello2.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1119.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1150.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="c64kernal.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1119.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1150.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1119.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1150.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="c64-1.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello3.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1123.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1154.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="c64kernal.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4a.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1127.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1158.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
231
book/x1166.html
Normal file
231
book/x1166.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello3.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4b.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Example Programs</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="TUTOR4A-SRC"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4a.oph</TT
|
||||
></A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
>.include "c64-1.oph"
|
||||
.outfile "hello.prg"
|
||||
|
||||
.macro print
|
||||
ldx #0
|
||||
_loop: lda _1, x
|
||||
beq _done
|
||||
jsr chrout
|
||||
inx
|
||||
bne _loop
|
||||
_done:
|
||||
.macend
|
||||
|
||||
.macro greet
|
||||
lda #30
|
||||
jsr delay
|
||||
`print hello1
|
||||
`print _1
|
||||
`print hello2
|
||||
.macend
|
||||
|
||||
lda #147
|
||||
jsr chrout
|
||||
`greet target1
|
||||
`greet target2
|
||||
`greet target3
|
||||
`greet target4
|
||||
`greet target5
|
||||
`greet target6
|
||||
`greet target7
|
||||
`greet target8
|
||||
`greet target9
|
||||
`greet target10
|
||||
rts
|
||||
|
||||
hello1: .byte "HELLO, ",0
|
||||
hello2: .byte "!", 13, 0
|
||||
|
||||
target1: .byte "PROGRAMMER", 0
|
||||
target2: .byte "ROOM", 0
|
||||
target3: .byte "BUILDING", 0
|
||||
target4: .byte "NEIGHBORHOOD", 0
|
||||
target5: .byte "CITY", 0
|
||||
target6: .byte "NATION", 0
|
||||
target7: .byte "WORLD", 0
|
||||
target8: .byte "SOLAR SYSTEM", 0
|
||||
target9: .byte "GALAXY", 0
|
||||
target10: .byte "UNIVERSE", 0
|
||||
|
||||
; DELAY routine. Executes 2,560*(A) NOP statements.
|
||||
delay: tax
|
||||
ldy #00
|
||||
* nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
nop
|
||||
iny
|
||||
bne -
|
||||
dex
|
||||
bne -
|
||||
rts</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello3.oph</TT
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><TT
|
||||
CLASS="FILENAME"
|
||||
>hello4b.oph</TT
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4a.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4c.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1135.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1166.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4b.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello5.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1139.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1170.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello4c.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello6.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1143.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1174.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello5.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="hello7.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1147.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1178.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello6.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="structuredemo.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ _done: rts
|
||||
.checkpc $D000
|
||||
|
||||
.data zp
|
||||
.checkpc $80</PRE
|
||||
.checkpc $90</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1151.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1182.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="hello7.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="fibonacci.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1163.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x1194.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1163.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1194.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1163.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1194.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Example Programs"
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="structuredemo.oph"
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1190.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"><LINK
|
||||
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>Basic arguments</A
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>String types</A
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||||
>Up</A
|
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||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
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HREF="a1167.html"><LINK
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||||
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><BODY
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||||
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><A
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><H1
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||||
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NAME="AEN1313"
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||||
>Compound Arguments</A
|
||||
></H1
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||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
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||||
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|
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@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
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||||
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||||
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||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
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||||
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||||
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><BODY
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><A
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
><H1
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||||
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||||
><A
|
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NAME="AEN1309"
|
||||
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||||
>Memory Model</A
|
||||
></H1
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||||
><P
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||||
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|
||||
><H2
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
>Basic PC tracking</A
|
||||
></H2
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||||
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|
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>Basic Segmentation simulation</A
|
||||
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|
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>General Segmentation Simulation</A
|
||||
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><P
|
||||
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||||
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><A
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Memory Model"
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
TITLE="Assembler directives"
|
||||
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|
||||
HREF="x1425.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
><H1
|
||||
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|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1354"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1385"
|
||||
>Macros</A
|
||||
></H1
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||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
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||||
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><A
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||||
NAME="AEN1358"
|
||||
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|
||||
>Defining Macros</A
|
||||
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||||
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><H2
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><A
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NAME="AEN1364"
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||||
>Invoking Macros</A
|
||||
></H2
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||||
><P
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><H2
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NAME="AEN1372"
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>Passing Arguments to Macros</A
|
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||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1382"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1413"
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||||
>Features and Restrictions of the Ophis Macro Model</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
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||||
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||||
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><A
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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><A
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Ophis Command Reference"
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Macros"
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><BODY
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||||
><H1
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||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN1394"
|
||||
NAME="AEN1425"
|
||||
>Assembler directives</A
|
||||
></H1
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||||
><P
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Producing Commodore 64 programs"
|
||||
HREF="x72.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x74.html"><LINK
|
||||
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||||
TITLE="Writing the actual code"
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||||
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||||
HREF="x177.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
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><A
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN141"
|
||||
NAME="AEN156"
|
||||
>Related commands and options</A
|
||||
></H1
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||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
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@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"><LINK
|
||||
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|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="Related commands and options"
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||||
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||||
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TITLE="Assembling the code"
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||||
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><BODY
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NAME="AEN162"
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||||
NAME="AEN177"
|
||||
>Writing the actual code</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ hello: .byte "HELLO, WORLD!", 0
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The complete, final source is available in
|
||||
the <A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello1.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x141.html"
|
||||
HREF="x156.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x171.html"
|
||||
HREF="x186.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Writing the actual code"
|
||||
HREF="x162.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x177.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Labels and aliases"
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x162.html"
|
||||
HREF="x177.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN171"
|
||||
NAME="AEN186"
|
||||
>Assembling the code</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ CLASS="OPTION"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="TABLE"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN186"
|
||||
NAME="AEN201"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><P
|
||||
><B
|
||||
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x162.html"
|
||||
HREF="x177.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Labels and aliases"
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Labels and aliases"
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Aliasing"
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN251"
|
||||
NAME="AEN266"
|
||||
>Anonymous labels</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x262.html"
|
||||
HREF="x277.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Labels and aliases"
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Anonymous labels"
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Headers, Libraries, and Macros"
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN262"
|
||||
NAME="AEN277"
|
||||
>Aliasing</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The final version of the code is in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1119.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1150.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello2.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ HREF="x1119.html"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
>. It should
|
||||
assemble to exactly the same program as <A
|
||||
HREF="a1112.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
|
||||
HREF="a1143.html#TUTOR1-SRC"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello1.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x251.html"
|
||||
HREF="x266.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c236.html"
|
||||
HREF="c251.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Headers, Libraries, and Macros"
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Headers, Libraries, and Macros"
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Example code"
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN298"
|
||||
NAME="AEN313"
|
||||
>Macros</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
body. This produces effects much closer to those of a
|
||||
traditional function call. A more detailed discussion of the
|
||||
tradeoffs may be found in <A
|
||||
HREF="a1167.html"
|
||||
HREF="a1198.html"
|
||||
>the Appendix called <I
|
||||
>Ophis Command Reference</I
|
||||
></A
|
||||
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN306"
|
||||
NAME="AEN321"
|
||||
>Macro definitions</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -180,14 +180,10 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN319"
|
||||
NAME="AEN334"
|
||||
>Macro invocations</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Macros may be invoked in two ways: one that looks like a
|
||||
directive, and one that looks like an instruction.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The most common way to invoke a macro is to backquote the name
|
||||
of the macro. It is also possible to use
|
||||
the <TT
|
||||
@@ -240,7 +236,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x328.html"
|
||||
HREF="x342.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -274,7 +270,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ TITLE="Preface"
|
||||
HREF="f10.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="About the examples"
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,12 +73,28 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN30"
|
||||
NAME="AEN32"
|
||||
>Getting a copy of Ophis</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> As of this writing, the Ophis assembler is hosted at Github. The
|
||||
latest downloads and documentation will be available
|
||||
> As of version 2.2, the Python Package Index offers Ophis
|
||||
at <A
|
||||
HREF="https://pypi.org/manage/project/ophis-asm/"
|
||||
TARGET="_top"
|
||||
>https://pypi.org/manage/project/ophis-asm/</A
|
||||
>.
|
||||
This version may be installed on any system
|
||||
where <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>pip</TT
|
||||
> or <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>pipx</TT
|
||||
> works.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Development is hosted at Github. The latest downloads and
|
||||
documentation will be available
|
||||
at <A
|
||||
HREF="http://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis"
|
||||
TARGET="_top"
|
||||
@@ -92,21 +108,6 @@ CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
page.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Ophis is written entirely in Python and packaged using the
|
||||
distutils. The default installation script on Unix and Mac OS X
|
||||
systems should put the files where they need to go. If you are
|
||||
running it locally, you will need to install
|
||||
the <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>Ophis</TT
|
||||
> package somewhere in your Python
|
||||
package path, and then put the <B
|
||||
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
||||
>ophis</B
|
||||
> script
|
||||
somewhere in your path.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> For Windows users, a prepackaged system made
|
||||
with <B
|
||||
CLASS="COMMAND"
|
||||
@@ -118,13 +119,6 @@ CLASS="COMMAND"
|
||||
>ophis.exe</B
|
||||
> in your path.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> If you are working on a system with Python installed but to
|
||||
which you do not wish to install software, there is also a
|
||||
standalone pure-Python edition with an ophis.py script. This may
|
||||
be placed anywhere and running ophis.py will temporarily set the
|
||||
library path to point to your directory.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
@@ -160,7 +154,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x42.html"
|
||||
HREF="x44.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Headers, Libraries, and Macros"
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Macros"
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Character maps"
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN328"
|
||||
NAME="AEN342"
|
||||
>Example code</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> <A
|
||||
HREF="x1131.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1162.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello3.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x298.html"
|
||||
HREF="x313.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c333.html"
|
||||
HREF="c347.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c273.html"
|
||||
HREF="c288.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ TITLE="Preface"
|
||||
HREF="f10.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Getting a copy of Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Using the Ophis Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN42"
|
||||
NAME="AEN44"
|
||||
>About the examples</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x30.html"
|
||||
HREF="x32.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p51.html"
|
||||
HREF="p53.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Advanced Memory Segments"
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Advanced Memory Segments"
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Platform-Specific Techniques"
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"></HEAD
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN471"
|
||||
NAME="AEN489"
|
||||
>The Solution</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
>.data zp
|
||||
.checkpc $80</PRE
|
||||
.checkpc $90</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The final source file is <A
|
||||
HREF="x1155.html"
|
||||
HREF="x1186.html"
|
||||
><I
|
||||
><I
|
||||
>hello7.oph</I
|
||||
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c460.html"
|
||||
HREF="c478.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</TD
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
169
book/x606.html
169
book/x606.html
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>The Nintendo Entertainment System</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Platform-Specific Techniques"
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Platform-Specific Techniques"
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Atari 2600 VCS"
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN606"
|
||||
>The Nintendo Entertainment System</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The NES development community is somewhat more fragmented than
|
||||
the others. A skeletal <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>nes.oph</TT
|
||||
> file is
|
||||
provided, but memory locations are not as consistently
|
||||
named. Much sample code doesn't provide aliases for control
|
||||
registers at all.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Conveniently creating runnable NES programs is somewhat
|
||||
involved. Any given product was generally burned onto several
|
||||
chips that were affixed to one of a large number of circuit
|
||||
boards. These are often referred to as "mappers" by
|
||||
developers because their effect is to implement various
|
||||
bankswitching schemes. The result is a program built out of
|
||||
parts, each with its own origin. A "Hello World"
|
||||
sample program ships with Ophis. It does not use a bankswitcher,
|
||||
but it does split its contents into a program chip and a
|
||||
graphics chip, with one of two wrapper files to knit them
|
||||
together into a file that other software will recognize. Samples
|
||||
are given for the common iNES format and the defunct UNIF
|
||||
format.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x611.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>The Atari 2600 VCS</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
184
book/x624.html
Normal file
184
book/x624.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>The Nintendo Entertainment System</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Atari 2600 VCS"
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN624"
|
||||
>The Nintendo Entertainment System</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The NES development community in 2024 has standardized on the
|
||||
sophisticated <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>ca65</TT
|
||||
> assembler for major
|
||||
homebrew projects, but Ophis's simpler output model has
|
||||
advantages of its own. A skeletal <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>nes.oph</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
file is provided in the platform support directory, but most
|
||||
NES code you'll find in the wild doesn't use aliases for control
|
||||
registers at all—it just sticks with the register numbers.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Creating output files that emulators or other tools will
|
||||
recognize as complete NES programs is somewhat involved.
|
||||
Any given product was generally one of a large selection of
|
||||
circuit boards with several ROM or support-logic chips
|
||||
affixed to it. These circuit board configurations are generally
|
||||
referred to as "mappers" by developers because their
|
||||
effect is to implement various bankswitching schemes. The result
|
||||
is a program built out of parts, each with its own origin.
|
||||
A simple <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"Hello World"</SPAN
|
||||
> sample program ships with
|
||||
Ophis. It is configured to use "Mapper Zero", or a simulation of
|
||||
the <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"NROM"</SPAN
|
||||
> circuit board, which had no special
|
||||
bankswitching logic and simply wired the program chip and the
|
||||
graphics chip directly into the address bus. The sample code
|
||||
includes one source file for each chip, and then two wrapper
|
||||
files to knit them together into a file that other software will
|
||||
recognize. As of 2024, the UNIF format is entirely abandoned in
|
||||
favor of the backwards-compatible iNES 2.0 format.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>The Atari 2600 VCS</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Platform-Specific Techniques"
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The Nintendo Entertainment System"
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"></HEAD
|
||||
TITLE="Other Atari 8-bits"
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Platform-Specific Techniques</TD
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,30 +73,36 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN611"
|
||||
NAME="AEN632"
|
||||
>The Atari 2600 VCS</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Of all the 8-bit development communities, the Atari developers
|
||||
seem to be the most cohesive. The development documents
|
||||
available are universal, and analysts and developers alike all
|
||||
use the register names in the <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>Stella Developer's
|
||||
Guide</I
|
||||
>. Ophis follows their lead, providing these
|
||||
names in the header <TT
|
||||
> Ophis provides a <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>stella.oph</TT
|
||||
>.
|
||||
> header that names
|
||||
the system's registers to match the documentation in
|
||||
the <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>Stella Programmer's Guide</I
|
||||
>. It also
|
||||
replicates two macros that were widely shared on mailing lists
|
||||
and other tutorial documents at the time Ophis was first
|
||||
released. See the file itself for details.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The <TT
|
||||
> Atari 2600 ROM images are simple ROM dumps and do not require
|
||||
any more sophisticated organization in the Ophis source files
|
||||
than an <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>stella.oph</TT
|
||||
> header also replicates two
|
||||
macros that appear in the header files distributed to budding
|
||||
VCS developers. They are documented in the file.
|
||||
>.advance</TT
|
||||
> directive to pad the output
|
||||
to the appropriate size.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Two sample programs ship with Ophis 2.2; a tiny hello-world
|
||||
program, and a more sophisticated interactive program that
|
||||
explores the system's color palette.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
@@ -115,7 +121,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x606.html"
|
||||
HREF="x624.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p618.html"
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c489.html"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -157,7 +163,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>To HLL and Back</TD
|
||||
>Other Atari 8-bits</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
162
book/x640.html
Normal file
162
book/x640.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Other Atari 8-bits</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The Atari 2600 VCS"
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="The Apple II series"
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN640"
|
||||
>Other Atari 8-bits</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The Atari 2600's successor, the Atari 5200, shares much of its
|
||||
architecture with the Atari 400/800/1200/XL/XE line. Atari DOS
|
||||
had an executable format that divided itself up into chunks that
|
||||
were independently loaded, with some chunks being special and
|
||||
identifying program entry points or intervening processing to be
|
||||
done mid-load.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> A simple Hello World program compatible with Atari DOS is
|
||||
included in the examples directory. The output file may be
|
||||
loaded and run directly in many emulators, or may be copied
|
||||
into a disk image with a tool like <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>atr</TT
|
||||
> or
|
||||
Altirra and executed from the DOS prompt.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x632.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x645.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>The Atari 2600 VCS</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>The Apple II series</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
158
book/x645.html
Normal file
158
book/x645.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>The Apple II series</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Included Platform Support"
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Other Atari 8-bits"
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="To HLL and Back"
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Included Platform Support</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN645"
|
||||
>The Apple II series</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> For most of its lifespan, Apple II systems ran either a
|
||||
primitive system named "DOS 3.3" or more sophisticated one
|
||||
named ProDOS. ProDOS 8 is as of 2024 still under active
|
||||
development, and its superior support for machine-language
|
||||
interfacing with the disk drive makes it the preferable
|
||||
choice for Ophis-based development.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> A simple Hello World program is included in the examples
|
||||
directory. To actually run the resulting binary, it must be
|
||||
added to a ProDOS-formatted disk using a tool such as CADIUS
|
||||
or CiderPress.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x640.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="p649.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Other Atari 8-bits</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c507.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>To HLL and Back</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Unsigned arithmetic"
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN635"
|
||||
NAME="AEN666"
|
||||
>The solution</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The solution"
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x666.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="16-bit addition and subtraction"
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"
|
||||
HREF="x666.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN641"
|
||||
NAME="AEN672"
|
||||
>Unsigned arithmetic</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x635.html"
|
||||
HREF="x666.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Unsigned arithmetic"
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="16-bit comparisons"
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x705.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"
|
||||
HREF="x705.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN664"
|
||||
NAME="AEN695"
|
||||
>16-bit addition and subtraction</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x641.html"
|
||||
HREF="x672.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x674.html"
|
||||
HREF="x705.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The Second Step"
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="16-bit addition and subtraction"
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Structured Programming"
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN674"
|
||||
NAME="AEN705"
|
||||
>16-bit comparisons</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x664.html"
|
||||
HREF="x695.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c623.html"
|
||||
HREF="c654.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The basics"
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Related commands and options"
|
||||
HREF="x141.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x156.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x141.html"
|
||||
HREF="x156.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN72"
|
||||
NAME="AEN74"
|
||||
>Producing Commodore 64 programs</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
||||
>SAVE</KBD
|
||||
> this program to a file, then
|
||||
study it in a debugger. It's 15 bytes long:
|
||||
study it with a hex dumper. It's 15 bytes long:
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="SCREEN"
|
||||
>1070:0100 01 08 0C 08 0A 00 9E 20-32 30 36 34 00 00 00
|
||||
>00000000 01 08 0c 08 0a 00 9e 20 32 30 36 34 00 00 00 |....... 2064...|
|
||||
</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ CLASS="SCREEN"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="TABLE"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN86"
|
||||
NAME="AEN88"
|
||||
></A
|
||||
><P
|
||||
><B
|
||||
@@ -166,6 +166,9 @@ CLASS="CALSTABLE"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
ALIGN="CENTER"
|
||||
>File Offsets</TH
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
ALIGN="CENTER"
|
||||
>Memory Locations</TH
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
ALIGN="CENTER"
|
||||
@@ -175,18 +178,32 @@ ALIGN="CENTER"
|
||||
><TBODY
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>0-1</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>Nowhere</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>2-byte pointer to where in memory to load the rest of the file ($0801).</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>2-3</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$0801-$0802</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>2-byte pointer to the next line of BASIC code ($080C).</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>4-5</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$0803-$0804</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>2-byte line number ($000A = 10).</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>6</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$0805</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>Byte code for the <KBD
|
||||
@@ -196,6 +213,8 @@ CLASS="USERINPUT"
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>7-11</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$0806-$080A</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>The rest of the line, which is just the string <SPAN
|
||||
@@ -205,12 +224,16 @@ CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>12</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$080B</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>Null byte, terminating the line.</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>13-14</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>$080C-$080D</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
>2-byte pointer to the next line of BASIC code ($0000 = end of program).</TD
|
||||
@@ -219,10 +242,11 @@ CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> That's 13 bytes. We started at 2049, so we need 2 more bytes of
|
||||
filler to make our code actually start at location 2064. These
|
||||
17 bytes will give us the file format and the BASIC code we need
|
||||
to have our machine language program run.
|
||||
> That's 15 bytes, of which 13 are actually loaded into memory.
|
||||
We started at 2049, so we need 2 more bytes of filler to make
|
||||
our code actually start at location 2064. These 17 bytes will
|
||||
give us the file format and the BASIC code we need to have our
|
||||
machine language program run.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> These are just bytes—indistinguishable from any other sort of
|
||||
@@ -363,6 +387,18 @@ CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
></UL
|
||||
>
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> We can do better still, though. That initial starting address
|
||||
of 2064 was only ever a guess; now that we know that we overshot
|
||||
by two bytes, we can simply change the starting address to 2062
|
||||
and omit the <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>.advance</TT
|
||||
> directive entirely. In
|
||||
fact, we can even remove the space before the number and make it
|
||||
2061 instead—BASIC doesn't need that space in its
|
||||
instruction and it's arguably a wasted byte.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
@@ -380,7 +416,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -398,7 +434,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x141.html"
|
||||
HREF="x156.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -414,7 +450,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c56.html"
|
||||
HREF="c58.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Structured Programming"
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Structured Programming"
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Procedures and register saving"
|
||||
HREF="x740.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x771.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x740.html"
|
||||
HREF="x771.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN734"
|
||||
NAME="AEN765"
|
||||
>The stack</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x740.html"
|
||||
HREF="x771.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Structured Programming"
|
||||
HREF="c680.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c711.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="The stack"
|
||||
HREF="x734.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x765.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Variables"
|
||||
HREF="x758.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x789.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x734.html"
|
||||
HREF="x765.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x758.html"
|
||||
HREF="x789.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN740"
|
||||
NAME="AEN771"
|
||||
>Procedures and register saving</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> All programming languages are designed around the concept of
|
||||
procedures.<A
|
||||
NAME="AEN743"
|
||||
HREF="#FTN.AEN743"
|
||||
NAME="AEN774"
|
||||
HREF="#FTN.AEN774"
|
||||
><SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
>[1]</SPAN
|
||||
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
VALIGN="TOP"
|
||||
WIDTH="5%"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="FTN.AEN743"
|
||||
HREF="x740.html#AEN743"
|
||||
NAME="FTN.AEN774"
|
||||
HREF="x771.html#AEN774"
|
||||
><SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="footnote"
|
||||
>[1]</SPAN
|
||||
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
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|
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> The full application, which deals with interfacing with CBM
|
||||
BASIC and handles console I/O and such, is
|
||||
in <A
|
||||
HREF="x1159.html"
|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
>structuredemo.oph</I
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253
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||||
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
>Pointer arithmetic</TITLE
|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
||||
NAME="AEN919"
|
||||
>Pointer arithmetic</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Pointer arithmetic is an obscenely powerful and dangerous
|
||||
technique. However, it's the most straightforward way to deal
|
||||
with enormous arrays, structs, indexable stacks, and nearly
|
||||
everything you do in C. (C has no native array or string types
|
||||
primarily because it allows arbitrary pointer arithmetic, which is
|
||||
strong enough to handle all of those without complaint and at
|
||||
blazing speed. It also allows for all kinds of buffer overrun
|
||||
security holes, but let's face it, who's going to be cracking root
|
||||
on your Apple II?) There are a number of ways to implement this
|
||||
on the 6502. We'll deal with them in increasing order of design
|
||||
complexity.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> When computing a pointer value, you simply treat the pointer as
|
||||
if it were a 16-bit integer. Do all the math you need, then
|
||||
when the time comes to dereference it, simply do a direct
|
||||
dereference as above. This is definitely doable, and it's not
|
||||
difficult. However, it is costly in both space and time.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> When dealing with arbitrary indices large enough that they won't
|
||||
fit in the Y register, or when creating values that you don't
|
||||
intend to dereference (such as subtracting two pointers to find
|
||||
the length of a string), this is also the only truly usable
|
||||
technique.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
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|
||||
NAME="AEN926"
|
||||
>The clever fast way</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> But wait, you say. Often when we compute a value, at least one
|
||||
of the operations is going to be an addition, and we're almost
|
||||
certain to have that value be less than 256! Surely we may save
|
||||
ourselves an operation by loading that value into the Y register
|
||||
and having the load operation itself perform the final
|
||||
addition!
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Very good. This is the fastest technique, and sometimes it's
|
||||
even the most readable. These cases usually involve repeated
|
||||
reading of various fields from a structure or record. The base
|
||||
pointer always points to the base of the structure (or the top
|
||||
of the local variable list, or what have you) and the Y register
|
||||
takes values that index into that structure. This lets you keep
|
||||
the pointer variable in memory largely static and requires no
|
||||
explicit arithmetic instructions at all.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> However, this technique is highly opaque and should always be
|
||||
well documented, indicating exactly what you think you're
|
||||
pointing at. Then, when you get garbage results, you can
|
||||
compare your comments and the resulting Y values with the actual
|
||||
definition of the structure to see who's screwing up.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> For a case where we still need to do arithmetic, consider the
|
||||
classic case of needing to clear out a large chunk of memory.
|
||||
The following code fills the 4KB of memory between $C000 and
|
||||
$D000 with zeroes:
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
> lda #$C0 ; Store #$C000 in mem (low byte first)
|
||||
sta mem+1
|
||||
lda #$00
|
||||
sta mem
|
||||
ldx #$04 ; x holds number of times to execute outer loop
|
||||
tay ; accumulator and y are both 0
|
||||
loop: sta (mem), y
|
||||
iny
|
||||
bne loop ; Inner loop ends when y wraps around to 0
|
||||
inc mem+1 ; "Carry" from the iny to the core pointer
|
||||
dex ; Decrement outer loop count, quit if done
|
||||
bne loop</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Used carefully, proper use of the Y register can make your code
|
||||
smaller, faster, <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>and</I
|
||||
> more readable. Used
|
||||
carelessly it can make your code an unreadable, unmaintainable
|
||||
mess. Use it wisely, and with care, and it will be your
|
||||
greatest ally in writing flexible code.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x935.html"
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||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>What about Indexed Indirect?</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
193
book/x942.html
193
book/x942.html
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="What about Indexed Indirect?"
|
||||
HREF="x935.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Conclusion"
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
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WIDTH="100%"
|
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BORDER="0"
|
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|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
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HREF="x935.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
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></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
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ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN942"
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Pointers are slow. It sounds odd saying this, when C is the
|
||||
fastest language around on modern machines precisely because of
|
||||
its powerful and extensive use of pointers. However, modern
|
||||
architectures are designed to be optimized for C-style code (as an
|
||||
example, the x86 architecture allows statements like <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>mov
|
||||
eax, [bs+bx+4*di]</TT
|
||||
> as a single instruction), while the
|
||||
6502 is not. An (Indirect, Y) operation can take up to 6 cycles
|
||||
to complete just on its own, while the preparation of that command
|
||||
costs additional time <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>and</I
|
||||
> scribbles over a
|
||||
bunch of registers, meaning memory operations to save the values
|
||||
and yet more time spent. The simple code given at the beginning
|
||||
of this essay—loading <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>*b</TT
|
||||
> into the
|
||||
accumulator—takes 7 cycles, not counting the 6 it takes to
|
||||
load b with the appropriate value to begin with. If b is known to
|
||||
contain a specific value, we can write a single Absolute mode
|
||||
instruction to load its value, which takes only 4 cycles and also
|
||||
preserves the value in the Y register. Clearly, Absolute mode
|
||||
should be used whenever possible.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> One might be tempted to use self-modifying code to solve this
|
||||
problem. This actually doesn't pay off near enough for the hassle
|
||||
it generates; for self-modifying code, the address must be
|
||||
generated, then stored in the instruction, and then the data must
|
||||
be loaded. Cost: 16 cycles for 2 immediate loads, 2 absolute
|
||||
stores, and 1 absolute load. For the straight pointer
|
||||
dereference, we generate the address, store it in the pointer,
|
||||
clear the index, then dereference that. Cost: 17 cycles for 3
|
||||
immediate loads, 2 zero page stores, and 1 indexed indirect load.
|
||||
Furthermore, unlike in the self-modifying case, loops where simple
|
||||
arithmetic is being continuously performed only require repeating
|
||||
the final load instruction, which allows for much greater time
|
||||
savings over an equivalent self-modifying loop.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> (This point is also completely moot for NES programmers or anyone
|
||||
else whose programs are sitting in ROM, because programs stored on
|
||||
a ROM cannot modify themselves.)
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x935.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>What about Indexed Indirect?</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Conclusion</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
143
book/x950.html
143
book/x950.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Conclusion</TITLE
|
||||
>Pointer arithmetic</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Comparison with the other indexed forms"
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"></HEAD
|
||||
TITLE="What about Indexed Indirect?"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
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@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -74,18 +74,117 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN950"
|
||||
>Conclusion</A
|
||||
>Pointer arithmetic</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> That's pretty much it for pointers. Though they tend to make
|
||||
programs hairy, and learning how to properly deal with pointers is
|
||||
what separates real C programmers from the novices, the basic
|
||||
mechanics of them are not complex. With pointers you can do
|
||||
efficient passing of large structures, pass-by-reference,
|
||||
complicated return values, and dynamic memory management—and
|
||||
now these wondrous toys may be added to your assembler programs,
|
||||
too (assuming you have that kind of space to play with).
|
||||
> Pointer arithmetic is an obscenely powerful and dangerous
|
||||
technique. However, it's the most straightforward way to deal
|
||||
with enormous arrays, structs, indexable stacks, and nearly
|
||||
everything you do in C. (C has no native array or string types
|
||||
primarily because it allows arbitrary pointer arithmetic, which is
|
||||
strong enough to handle all of those without complaint and at
|
||||
blazing speed. It also allows for all kinds of buffer overrun
|
||||
security holes, but let's face it, who's going to be cracking root
|
||||
on your Apple II?) There are a number of ways to implement this
|
||||
on the 6502. We'll deal with them in increasing order of design
|
||||
complexity.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN953"
|
||||
>The straightforward, slow way</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> When computing a pointer value, you simply treat the pointer as
|
||||
if it were a 16-bit integer. Do all the math you need, then
|
||||
when the time comes to dereference it, simply do a direct
|
||||
dereference as above. This is definitely doable, and it's not
|
||||
difficult. However, it is costly in both space and time.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> When dealing with arbitrary indices large enough that they won't
|
||||
fit in the Y register, or when creating values that you don't
|
||||
intend to dereference (such as subtracting two pointers to find
|
||||
the length of a string), this is also the only truly usable
|
||||
technique.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H2
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN957"
|
||||
>The clever fast way</A
|
||||
></H2
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> But wait, you say. Often when we compute a value, at least one
|
||||
of the operations is going to be an addition, and we're almost
|
||||
certain to have that value be less than 256! Surely we may save
|
||||
ourselves an operation by loading that value into the Y register
|
||||
and having the load operation itself perform the final
|
||||
addition!
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Very good. This is the fastest technique, and sometimes it's
|
||||
even the most readable. These cases usually involve repeated
|
||||
reading of various fields from a structure or record. The base
|
||||
pointer always points to the base of the structure (or the top
|
||||
of the local variable list, or what have you) and the Y register
|
||||
takes values that index into that structure. This lets you keep
|
||||
the pointer variable in memory largely static and requires no
|
||||
explicit arithmetic instructions at all.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> However, this technique is highly opaque and should always be
|
||||
well documented, indicating exactly what you think you're
|
||||
pointing at. Then, when you get garbage results, you can
|
||||
compare your comments and the resulting Y values with the actual
|
||||
definition of the structure to see who's screwing up.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> For a case where we still need to do arithmetic, consider the
|
||||
classic case of needing to clear out a large chunk of memory.
|
||||
The following code fills the 4KB of memory between $C000 and
|
||||
$D000 with zeroes:
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
><PRE
|
||||
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
|
||||
> lda #$C0 ; Store #$C000 in mem (low byte first)
|
||||
sta mem+1
|
||||
lda #$00
|
||||
sta mem
|
||||
ldx #$04 ; x holds number of times to execute outer loop
|
||||
tay ; accumulator and y are both 0
|
||||
loop: sta (mem), y
|
||||
iny
|
||||
bne loop ; Inner loop ends when y wraps around to 0
|
||||
inc mem+1 ; "Carry" from the iny to the core pointer
|
||||
dex ; Decrement outer loop count, quit if done
|
||||
bne loop</PRE
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Used carefully, proper use of the Y register can make your code
|
||||
smaller, faster, <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>and</I
|
||||
> more readable. Used
|
||||
carelessly it can make your code an unreadable, unmaintainable
|
||||
mess. Use it wisely, and with care, and it will be your
|
||||
greatest ally in writing flexible code.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
@@ -103,7 +202,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -121,7 +220,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -131,13 +230,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</TD
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -145,7 +244,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
>What about Indexed Indirect?</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointer arithmetic"
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"><LINK
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Comparison with the other indexed forms"
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"></HEAD
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN935"
|
||||
NAME="AEN966"
|
||||
>What about Indexed Indirect?</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x919.html"
|
||||
HREF="x950.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x942.html"
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c885.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
136
book/x973.html
136
book/x973.html
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>A quick digression on how subroutines work</TITLE
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
@@ -10,14 +10,14 @@ REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"><LINK
|
||||
TITLE="What about Indexed Indirect?"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler"
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"></HEAD
|
||||
TITLE="Conclusion"
|
||||
HREF="x981.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"
|
||||
HREF="x981.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -74,78 +74,56 @@ CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN973"
|
||||
>A quick digression on how subroutines work</A
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Ordinarily, subroutines are called with <TT
|
||||
> Pointers are slow. It sounds odd saying this, when C is the
|
||||
fastest language around on modern machines precisely because of
|
||||
its powerful and extensive use of pointers. However, modern
|
||||
architectures are designed to be optimized for C-style code (as an
|
||||
example, the x86 architecture allows statements like <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> and
|
||||
finished with <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
>. The <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
instruction takes its own address, adds 2 to it, and pushes this
|
||||
16-bit value on the stack, high byte first, then low byte (so that
|
||||
the low byte will be popped off first).
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> But wait, you may object. All <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> instructions
|
||||
are three bytes long. This <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"return address"</SPAN
|
||||
> is in
|
||||
the middle of the instruction. And you would be quite right;
|
||||
the <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
> instruction pops off the 16-bit
|
||||
address, adds one to it, and <I
|
||||
>mov
|
||||
eax, [bs+bx+4*di]</TT
|
||||
> as a single instruction), while the
|
||||
6502 is not. An (Indirect, Y) operation can take up to 6 cycles
|
||||
to complete just on its own, while the preparation of that command
|
||||
costs additional time <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>then</I
|
||||
> sets the
|
||||
program counter to that value.
|
||||
>and</I
|
||||
> scribbles over a
|
||||
bunch of registers, meaning memory operations to save the values
|
||||
and yet more time spent. The simple code given at the beginning
|
||||
of this essay—loading <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>*b</TT
|
||||
> into the
|
||||
accumulator—takes 7 cycles, not counting the 6 it takes to
|
||||
load b with the appropriate value to begin with. If b is known to
|
||||
contain a specific value, we can write a single Absolute mode
|
||||
instruction to load its value, which takes only 4 cycles and also
|
||||
preserves the value in the Y register. Clearly, Absolute mode
|
||||
should be used whenever possible.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> So it <I
|
||||
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
|
||||
>is</I
|
||||
> possible to set up
|
||||
a <SPAN
|
||||
CLASS="QUOTE"
|
||||
>"<TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
> indirect"</SPAN
|
||||
> kind of operation
|
||||
by adding two to the indirect jump's address and then pushing that
|
||||
value onto the stack before making the jump; however, you wouldn't
|
||||
want to do this. It takes six bytes and trashes your accumulator,
|
||||
and you can get the same functionality with half the space and
|
||||
with no register corruption by simply defining the indirect jump
|
||||
to be a one-instruction routine and <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>-ing to
|
||||
it directly. As an added bonus, that way if you have multiple
|
||||
indirect jumps through the same pointer, you don't need to
|
||||
duplicate the jump instruction.
|
||||
> One might be tempted to use self-modifying code to solve this
|
||||
problem. This actually doesn't pay off near enough for the hassle
|
||||
it generates; for self-modifying code, the address must be
|
||||
generated, then stored in the instruction, and then the data must
|
||||
be loaded. Cost: 16 cycles for 2 immediate loads, 2 absolute
|
||||
stores, and 1 absolute load. For the straight pointer
|
||||
dereference, we generate the address, store it in the pointer,
|
||||
clear the index, then dereference that. Cost: 17 cycles for 3
|
||||
immediate loads, 2 zero page stores, and 1 indexed indirect load.
|
||||
Furthermore, unlike in the self-modifying case, loops where simple
|
||||
arithmetic is being continuously performed only require repeating
|
||||
the final load instruction, which allows for much greater time
|
||||
savings over an equivalent self-modifying loop.
|
||||
</P
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> Does this mean that abusing <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>JSR</TT
|
||||
>
|
||||
and <TT
|
||||
CLASS="LITERAL"
|
||||
>RTS</TT
|
||||
> is a dead-end, though? Not at all...
|
||||
> (This point is also completely moot for NES programmers or anyone
|
||||
else whose programs are sitting in ROM, because programs stored on
|
||||
a ROM cannot modify themselves.)
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
@@ -164,7 +142,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="x966.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -182,7 +160,7 @@ WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x992.html"
|
||||
HREF="x981.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -192,13 +170,13 @@ ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
>What about Indexed Indirect?</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c953.html"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
@@ -206,7 +184,7 @@ ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Dispatch-on-type and Data-Directed Assembler</TD
|
||||
>Conclusion</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
|
||||
154
book/x981.html
Normal file
154
book/x981.html
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
|
||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
||||
<HTML
|
||||
><HEAD
|
||||
><TITLE
|
||||
>Conclusion</TITLE
|
||||
><META
|
||||
NAME="GENERATOR"
|
||||
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK
|
||||
REL="HOME"
|
||||
TITLE="Programming with Ophis"
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="UP"
|
||||
TITLE="Pointers and Indirection"
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="PREVIOUS"
|
||||
TITLE="Comparison with the other indexed forms"
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"><LINK
|
||||
REL="NEXT"
|
||||
TITLE="Functionals"
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"></HEAD
|
||||
><BODY
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
|
||||
TEXT="#000000"
|
||||
LINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
VLINK="#840084"
|
||||
ALINK="#0000FF"
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
|
||||
><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TH
|
||||
COLSPAN="3"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
>Programming with Ophis</TH
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="80%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
>Pointers and Indirection</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="10%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="bottom"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><H1
|
||||
CLASS="SECTION"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
NAME="AEN981"
|
||||
>Conclusion</A
|
||||
></H1
|
||||
><P
|
||||
> That's pretty much it for pointers. Though they tend to make
|
||||
programs hairy, and learning how to properly deal with pointers is
|
||||
what separates real C programmers from the novices, the basic
|
||||
mechanics of them are not complex. With pointers you can do
|
||||
efficient passing of large structures, pass-by-reference,
|
||||
complicated return values, and dynamic memory management—and
|
||||
now these wondrous toys may be added to your assembler programs,
|
||||
too (assuming you have that kind of space to play with).
|
||||
</P
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
><DIV
|
||||
CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
|
||||
><HR
|
||||
ALIGN="LEFT"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
|
||||
SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
|
||||
WIDTH="100%"
|
||||
BORDER="0"
|
||||
CELLPADDING="0"
|
||||
CELLSPACING="0"
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="x973.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="P"
|
||||
><<< Previous</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="book1.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="H"
|
||||
>Home</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c984.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="N"
|
||||
>Next >>></A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
><TR
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="left"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Comparison with the other indexed forms</TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="34%"
|
||||
ALIGN="center"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
><A
|
||||
HREF="c916.html"
|
||||
ACCESSKEY="U"
|
||||
>Up</A
|
||||
></TD
|
||||
><TD
|
||||
WIDTH="33%"
|
||||
ALIGN="right"
|
||||
VALIGN="top"
|
||||
>Functionals</TD
|
||||
></TR
|
||||
></TABLE
|
||||
></DIV
|
||||
></BODY
|
||||
></HTML
|
||||
>
|
||||
26
index.html
26
index.html
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
|
||||
<div id="header">
|
||||
<nav>
|
||||
<li class="fork"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis">GitHub Page</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="fork"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/blob/master/doc/ophismanual.pdf?raw=true">PDF Manual</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="fork"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/blob/v2.2/doc/ophismanual.pdf?raw=true">PDF Manual</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="fork"><a href="book/book1.html">HTML Manual</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="downloads"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.1/Ophis-2.1.tgz">Mac and Linux</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="downloads"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.1/Ophis-2.1-win32-installer.exe">Windows</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="downloads"><a href="https://pypi.org/project/ophis-asm/">PyPI Page</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="downloads"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.2/Ophis-2.2.tgz">Source Tarball</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="downloads"><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.2/Ophis-2.2-win64-installer.exe">Windows</a></li>
|
||||
<li class="title">DOWNLOADS</li>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div><!-- end header -->
|
||||
@@ -47,22 +48,9 @@
|
||||
<h2>Downloads</h2>
|
||||
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.1/Ophis-2.1-win32-installer.exe">The
|
||||
standalone Windows installer</a> will be what most people
|
||||
want. All you need is this file. It contains all the
|
||||
examples and documentation. You will probably want to add
|
||||
the install directory to your PATH to make it easier to
|
||||
invoke from the command-line.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.1/Ophis-2.1.tgz">The
|
||||
standalone script</a> is for systems that have Python
|
||||
installed and want to keep Ophis as a set of personal
|
||||
files. It requires Python 2.3 or later to be installed on
|
||||
the target machine. (Python 3 will <i>not</i> work - Python
|
||||
3 is effectively a separate language.) This will be the most
|
||||
convenient choice for most users on Mac and Linux.</li>
|
||||
<li>If you want to install with the distutils, a script is
|
||||
part of the GitHub repository.</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/ophis-asm/">Ophis is on PyPI</a>. On any system with Python and Pip installed the command <code>pip install --user ophis-asm</code> (or whatever variations your local install demands) will install the latest version. It does not include the documentation or example code.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.2/Ophis-2.2-support.zip">The documentation and sample code</a> is available as a separate download.</li>
|
||||
<li><a href="https://github.com/michaelcmartin/Ophis/releases/download/v2.2/Ophis-2.2-win64-installer.exe">The standalone Windows installer</a> requires no additional software to be installed. It contains all the examples and documentation. You will probably want to add the install directory to your PATH to make it easier to invoke from the command-line.</li>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user