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Add Atari 2600 documentation
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Florent Flament
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doc/atari2600.sgml
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doc/atari2600.sgml
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<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<article>
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<title>Atari 2600 specific information for cc65
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<author>
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<url url="mailto:contact@florentflament.com" name="Florent Flament"><newline>
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<date>2017-01-11
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<abstract>
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An overview over the Atari 2600 runtime system as it is implemented
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for the cc65 C compiler.
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</abstract>
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<!-- Table of contents -->
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<toc>
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<!-- Begin the document -->
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<sect>Overview<p>
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This file contains an overview of the Atari 2600 runtime system as it
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comes with the cc65 C compiler. It describes the memory layout, Atari
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2600 specific header files and any pitfalls specific to that platform.
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<sect>Binary format<p>
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The default binary output format generated by the linker for the Atari
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2600 target is a 4K cartridge image.
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<sect>Memory layout<p>
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cc65 generated programs with the default setup can use RAM from
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$0080 to $00FF - __STACKSIZE__, where __STACKSIZE__ is
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the size of the system stack with a default value of 16 bytes. The
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size of the system stack can be customized by defining the
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__STACKSIZE__ linker variable.
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Special locations:
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<descrip>
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<tag/Stack/ The C runtime stack is located at $00FF -
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__STACKSIZE__ and growing downwards.
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<tag/Heap/ The C heap is located at $0080 and grows upwards.
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</descrip><p>
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<sect>Start-up condition<p>
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When powered-up, the Atari 2600 TIA registers contain random
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values. During the initialization phase, the start-up code needs to
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initialize the TIA registers to sound values (or else the console has
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an unpredictable behavior). In this implementation, zeros are written
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to all of TIA registers during the start-up phase.
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Note that RIOT registers (mostly timers) are left uninitialized, as
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they don't have any consequence on the console behavior.
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<sect>Platform specific header files<p>
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Programs containing Atari 2600 specific code may use the
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<tt/atari2600.h/ header file.
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The following pseudo variables declared in the <tt/atari2600.h/ header
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file allow access to the Atari 2600 TIA & RIOT chips registers.
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<descrip>
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<tag><tt/TIA/</tag> The <tt/TIA/ structure allows read/write access
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to the Atari 2600 TIA chip registers. See the <tt/_tia.h/ header
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file located in the include directory for the declaration of the
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structure. Also refer to the Stella Programmer's Guide by Steve
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Wright for a detailed description of the chip and its registers.
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<tag><tt/RIOT/</tag> The <tt/RIOT/ structure allows read/write
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access to the Atari 2600 RIOT chip registers. See the
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<tt/_riot.h/ header file located in the include directory for the
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declaration of the structure. Also refer to the Stella Programmer's
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Guide by Steve Wright for a detailed description of the chip and its
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registers.
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</descrip><p>
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<sect>Loadable drivers<p>
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There are no drivers for the Atari 2600.
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<sect>Limitations<p>
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TBD
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<sect>Other hints<p>
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One may write a custom linker configuration file to tune the memory
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layout of a program. See the <tt/atari2600.cfg/ file in the cfg
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directory as a starting point.
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<sect>License<p>
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This software is provided 'as-is', without any expressed or implied
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warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
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arising from the use of this software.
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Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
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including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
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freely, subject to the following restrictions:
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<enum>
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<item> The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
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claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
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in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
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appreciated but is not required.
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<item> Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
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be misrepresented as being the original software.
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<item> This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
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distribution.
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</enum>
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</article>
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@ -4583,6 +4583,7 @@ compiler, depending on the target system selected:
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<itemize>
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<item><tt/__APPLE2__/ - Target system is <tt/apple2/ or <tt/apple2enh/
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<item><tt/__APPLE2ENH__/ - Target system is <tt/apple2enh/
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<item><tt/__ATARI2600__/ - Target system is <tt/atari2600/
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<item><tt/__ATARI5200__/ - Target system is <tt/atari5200/
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<item><tt/__ATARI__/ - Target system is <tt/atari/ or <tt/atarixl/
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<item><tt/__ATARIXL__/ - Target system is <tt/atarixl/
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@ -752,6 +752,10 @@ The compiler defines several macros at startup:
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This macro is defined if the target is the enhanced Apple //e (-t apple2enh).
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<tag><tt>__ATARI2600__</tt></tag>
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This macro is defined if the target is the Atari 2600 game console.
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<tag><tt>__ATARI5200__</tt></tag>
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This macro is defined if the target is the Atari 5200 game console.
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@ -116,6 +116,9 @@
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<tag><htmlurl url="atari.html" name="atari.html"></tag>
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Topics specific to the Atari 8-bit machines.
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<tag><htmlurl url="atari2600.html" name="atari2600.html"></tag>
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Topics specific to the Atari 2600 Game Console.
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<tag><htmlurl url="atari5200.html" name="atari5200.html"></tag>
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Topics specific to the Atari 5200 Game Console.
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@ -335,6 +335,35 @@ your harddrive directly.
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to the DOS menu. Your C program should wait for a keypress if you want to see
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any output.
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<sect2>Stella<p>
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Available at <url
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url="http://stella.sourceforge.net">:
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Stella is a multi-platform Atari 2600 VCS emulator. The latest version
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is available on the emulator's website. It is also available through
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the package manager of most Linux distributions (Fedora, Ubuntu, ..).
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Compile the Atari 2600 sample with
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<tscreen><verb>
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make SYS=atari2600 samples
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</verb></tscreen>
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Then execute it with
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<tscreen><verb>
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stella samples/atari2600hello
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</verb></tscreen>
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<sect2>Harmony Cartridge<p>
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Available at <url
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url="http://harmony.atariage.com/Site/Harmony.html">:
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The Harmony Cartridge allows running any Atari 2600 binary on real
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hardware. The binary must be copied on an SD card, to be inserted in
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the Harmony Cartridge. It can then be inserted on an Atari 2600
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console, and run any binary on the SD card.
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<sect1>Atmos
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@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ Here is a description of all of the command-line options:
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<item>module
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<item>apple2
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<item>apple2enh
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<item>atari2600
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<item>atari
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<item>atarixl
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<item>atmos
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