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Additions/improvements by CyberX
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doc/intro.sgml
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doc/intro.sgml
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<article>
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<title>cc65 compiler intro
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<author>Ullrich von Bassewitz, <htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="uz@cc65.org">
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<date>03.12.2000
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<author>Ullrich von Bassewitz, <htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="uz@cc65.org"> and CyberX
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<date>06.13.2002
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<abstract>
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How to use the cc65 C compiler - an introduction.
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@ -17,16 +17,31 @@ How to use the cc65 C compiler - an introduction.
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<sect>Overview<p>
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This is a short intro, how to use the compiler and the binutils. It contains a
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step-by-step example, how to build a complete application from one C and one
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This is a short intro of how to use the compiler and the binutils. It contains a
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step-by-step example of how to build a complete application from one C and one
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assembler module. This file does <em/not/ contain a complete reference for the
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tools used in the process. There are separate files describing these tools in
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detail.
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You are assumed to have downloaded and extracted the executables and the
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target specific files. For example, for Windows users targeting C64, you need
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cc65-win32-2.8.0.zip and cc65-c64-2.8.0.zip extracted to the same directory.
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If you received the files as a bzip2 archive (extension *.bz2), you will need
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to get the <htmlurl url="http://sources.redhat.com/bzip2/#bzip2-latest"
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name="bzip2 package"> to decompress it.
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<bf>Note</bf>: There is a much simpler way to compile this example using the
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cl65 compiler and link utility. However, it makes sense to understand how the
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separate steps work. How to do the example with the cl65 utility is described
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<ref id="using-cl65" name="below">.
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<ref id="using-cl65" name="later">.
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<sect1>Before we start<p>
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You will find a copy of the sample modules used in the next section in the
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samples/tutorial directory. Windows users will also find a small batch file in
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this directory named "cc65setup.bat". Be sure to examine and understand the
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commands in this file, then adjust them for your setup, and execute the file.
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<sect1>The sample modules<p>
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@ -194,7 +209,7 @@ example.
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To compile both files into one executable enter
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<tscreen><verb>
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cl65 -O -I ../include hello.c test.s
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cl65 -O -I ../include hello.c text.s
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</verb></tscreen>
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(The <tt/-I/ switch is not needed if you are working under Linux with the
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@ -215,6 +230,104 @@ current directory.
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For more information about the compile & link utility see <htmlurl
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url="cl65.html" name="cl65.html">.
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<sect>Running The Executable<p>
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<bf>Note: this section is incomplete!</bf>
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Depending on the target, the compiler chooses several methods of making a
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program available for execution. Here we list sample emulators and
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instructions for running the program. Unless noted, similar instructions
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would also apply to a real machine.
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<sect1>Apple<p>
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<bf>AppleWin 1.10.4</bf>: Emulates Apple II+/IIe computer, with sound, video,
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joysticks, serial port, and disk images. Roms and dos disk included. Includes
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monitor. Only for Windows. Unfortunately we were unable to find documentation
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on running programs. Please help.
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<sect1>Atari<p>
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<bf>Atari800Win Plus 3.0</bf> (available at
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<url url="http://www.a800win.atari-area.prv.pl">): Emulates Atari
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400/800/65XE/130XE/800XL/1200XL/5200, with stereo sound, disk images, scanline
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exact NTSC/PAL video, joysticks, mouse, cartridges and ram expansions.
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Includes monitor. Unfortunately only for Windows. You will need the emulator
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only. Optionally you will need atarixl.rom and/or atariosb.rom/ataribas.rom
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and dos25.xfd files (not supplied).
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Compile the tutorial with
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<tscreen><verb>
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cl65 -O -t atari hello.c text.s
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</verb></tscreen>
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Start the emulator, choose File>Autoboot image or File>Load executable, and point
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to the hello executable. It is customary to rename executables of this type to
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hello.xex. The file has a 7 byte header meant to be loaded directly from Atari
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DOS 2/2.5 or compatibles.
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On a real Atari, you would need a disk drive and Atari Dos 2.5 or compatible.
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Turn on the computer, type
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<tscreen><verb>
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DOS
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</verb></tscreen>
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at the basic prompt, then choose N. CREATE MEM.SAV then choose L. BINARY LOAD
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and enter HELLO.
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The emulation also supports this method. Look at Atari>Settings and check
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Enable H: Patch for Hard Disk Devices, then Atari>Hard disks and set the path
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of H1: to your executables directory, then use H0:HELLO.XEX in the above
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proceedure to access your hardrive directly.
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<bf>Note:</bf> There is no delay after the program exits. Your C program
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should wait for a keypress if you want to see any output.
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<sect1>Commodore<p>
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<bf>Vice 1.9</bf> (available at
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<url url="ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/cbm/crossplatform/emulators/VICE/">):
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Emulates Commodore 64/128/Vic 20/PET/CBM II computers. Missing is the Plus/4
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and Commodore 16. Supports printer, serial port, stereo sound, disk drives and
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images, ram expansions, cartridges, cycle exact NTSC/PAL video, mice,
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joysticks. Includes monitor. Runs on Win9x/NT/2000/XP/ME/OS2/MSDOS, Beos x86,
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Acorn RISC OS, and many Unixes.
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Start the desired version of the emulator, choose File>Autoboot disk/tape
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image, and choose your executable. The file has a 14 byte header which
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corresponds to a PRG format BASIC program, consisting of a single line;
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<tscreen><code>
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1000 sys2061
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</code></tscreen>
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On a real Commodore with attached disk drive, you would type:
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<tscreen><verb>
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LOAD "HELLO",8
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</verb></tscreen>
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for Vic 20/C64, or
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<tscreen><verb>
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DLOAD "0:HELLO"
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</verb></tscreen>
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on PET/CBM II/C128, then type
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<tscreen><verb>
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RUN
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</verb></tscreen>
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We need your help! Recommended emulators and instructions for other machines
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are missing. We suggest an emulator with good compatibility. Also, being able
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to run all computers in the target series is good for target compatibility
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testing. A machine language monitor is almost essential for debugging, but a
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native debugger could be used as well.
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Finally, emulators which run on Unix/Windows would help reach a wider audience.
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</article>
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