Prior to this PR, `int`, `signed int`, and `unsigned int`
bitfields are all treated as `unsigned int`.
With this PR, `signed int` will be treated as `signed int`,
and the others remain unsigned.
Since `Type` does not distinguish between `int` and `signed int`,
add an extra `int* SignenessSpecified` param to `ParseTypeSpec`
so we can tell these apart for bit-fields and treat plain `int : N`
as `unsigned int : N` since it is more efficient to zero-extend
than sign-extend.
Fixes#1095
Previously, the following rules were used for binary operators:
* If one of the values is a long, the result is long.
* If one of the values is unsigned, the result is also unsigned.
* Otherwise the result is an int.
C89 specifies the "usual arithmetic conversions" as:
* The integral promotions are performed on both operands.
* Then the following rules are applied:
* If either operand has type unsigned long int, the other operand is
converted to unsigned long int.
* Otherwise, if one operand has type long int and the other has type
unsigned int, if a long int can represent all values of an unsigned int,
the operand of type unsigned int is converted to long int; if a long int
cannot represent all the values of an unsigned int, both operands are
converted to unsigned long int.
* Otherwise, if either operand has type long int, the other operand is
converted to long int.
* Otherwise, if either operand has type unsigned int, the other operand is
converted to unsigned int.
* Otherwise, both operands have type int.
https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c89/c89-draft.html#3.2.1.5
As one example, these rules give a different result for an operator
with one long operand and one unsigned int operand. Previously,
the result type was unsigned long. With C89 semantics, it is just long,
since long can represent all unsigned ints.
Integral promotions convert types shorter than int to int (or unsigned int).
Both char and unsigned char are promoted to int since int can represent
all unsigned chars.
https://port70.net/~nsz/c/c89/c89-draft.html#3.2.1.1
Rename promoteint to ArithmeticConvert, since this is more accurate.
Fixes#170
Previously, bit-field tests were incorrectly combined with load in
`if (x.bitfield)`. Delay the test until after the shift/mask
is done. Still combine tests with load if no shift/mask is required.
Fixes#1139
