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157 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
157 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<article>
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<title>Using GNU Make with cc65
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<author>Oliver Schmidt, <htmlurl url="mailto:ol.sc@web.de" name="ol.sc@web.de">
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<date>2009-06-26
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<abstract>
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How to build your program using the GNU Make utility.
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</abstract>
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<!-- Table of contents -->
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<toc>
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<!-- Begin the document -->
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<sect>Overview<p>
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This document describes how to build your programs using the cc65 development
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tools and the GNU Make utility.
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The cc65 development package doesn't come with a make utility. However this is
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no issue because GNU Make works very nicely with cc65.
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<sect>What is GNU Make?<p>
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GNU Make is a both very powerful and very popular make utility. It might even
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be called the de facto standard for make utilities. For more information see
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the GNU Make home page:
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<url url="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/">
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The cc65 development package is available as binaries for several host systems
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and can easily built for quite some additional systems. The very same is true
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for GNU Make so a cc65-based project coming with a GNU Make Makefile can easily
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be built by any cc65 developer no matter what host system is used.
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Because of the strong alignment of the cc65 compiler with the ISO C standard it
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is very well feasible to compile a single C code base both with the cc65
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compiler and other C compilers like for example GCC. GNU Make turns out to be
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very well suited to build projects for several target systems using multiple
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compilers as it isn't tied to any C compiler.
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<sect>A sample Makefile<p>
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This Makefile is a fully functional sample for compiling several C sources
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(here <tt/foo.c/ and <tt/bar.c/) and link the resulting object files into an
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executable program (here <tt/foobar/):
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<tscreen><verb>
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SOURCES = foo.c bar.c
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PROGRAM = foobar
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ifdef CC65_TARGET
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CC = $(CC65_HOME)/bin/cl65
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CFLAGS = -t $(CC65_TARGET) --create-dep $(<:.c=.d) -O
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LDFLAGS = -t $(CC65_TARGET) -m $(PROGRAM).map
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else
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CC = gcc
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CFLAGS = -MMD -MP -O
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LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map,$(PROGRAM).map
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endif
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########################################
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.SUFFIXES:
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.PHONY: all clean
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all: $(PROGRAM)
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ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean)
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-include $(SOURCES:.c=.d)
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endif
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%.o: %.c
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$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
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$(PROGRAM): $(SOURCES:.c=.o)
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$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $^
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clean:
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$(RM) $(SOURCES:.c=.o) $(SOURCES:.c=.d) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).map
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</verb></tscreen>
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<bf/Important:/ When using the sample Makefile above via copy & paste it is
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necessary to replace the eight spaces at the beginning of command lines (lines
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26, 29 and 32) with a tab character (ASCII code 9).
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<sect1>Invoking the sample Makefile<p>
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Without any specific configuration the sample Makefile will compile and link
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using GCC. In order to rather use cc65 the variable <tt/CC65_TARGET/ needs to be
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defined. This may by done as an environment variable or simply as part of the
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Makefile. However to quickly switch between compilers and/or cc65 targets it is
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best done on the GNU Make command line like this:
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<tscreen><verb>
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make CC65_TARGET=c64
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</verb></tscreen>
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The sample Makefile presumes the variable <tt/CC65_HOME/ to point to the
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directory cc65 is located in. Again there are several ways to define this
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variable but as its value typically won't change often it is best done as an
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environment variable. On Windows the cc65 .exe installer package takes care
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of creating a <tt/CC65_HOME/ environment variable.
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<sect1>Understanding the sample Makefile<p>
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Most parts of the sample Makefile follow the guidelines in the
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<htmlurl url="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html" name="GNU Make Manual">
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that can be searched online for background information. The automatic generation of
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dependency however rather works as described by the GNU Make maintainer Paul D. Smith in
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<htmlurl url="http://make.paulandlesley.org/autodep.html#advanced" name="Advanced Auto-Dependencies">.
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Fortunately both GCC and cc65 directly support this method in the meantime.
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<sect1>Invoking the sample Makefile on Windows<p>
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The recommended way to use GNU Make on Windows is to install it as part of a
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Cygwin environment. For more information see the Cygwin home page:
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<url url="http://www.cygwin.com/">
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If however installing Cygwin shouldn't be an option for one or the other reason
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then the sample Makefile may be invoked from the Windows Command Prompt (cmd.exe)
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by downloading the following programs:
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<itemize>
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<item>make.exe: <url url="http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/make.htm">
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<item>rm.exe: <url url="http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/coreutils.htm">
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</itemize>
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<sect>Target-specific Variable Values<p>
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The very limited resources of the cc65 target machines now and then require
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manual optimization of the build process by compiling individual source files
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with different compiler options. GNU Make offers
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<htmlurl url="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Target_002dspecific.html" name="Target-specific Variable Values">
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perfectly suited for doing so. For example placing the code of the two modules
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<tt/foo/ and <tt/bar/ in the segment <tt/FOOBAR/ can be archived with this
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target-specific variable definition:
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<tscreen><verb>
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foo.o bar.o: CFLAGS += --code-name FOOBAR
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</verb></tscreen>
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</article>
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