mirror of
https://github.com/cc65/cc65.git
synced 2024-11-05 08:05:51 +00:00
259 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
259 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
|
|
|
|
<article>
|
|
|
|
<title>Commodore PET specific information for cc65
|
|
<author>Ullrich von Bassewitz, <htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="uz@cc65.org">
|
|
Stefan A. Haubenthal, <htmlurl url="mailto:polluks@sdf.lonestar.org" name="polluks@sdf.lonestar.org">
|
|
<date>2005-05-24
|
|
|
|
<abstract>
|
|
An overview over the PET runtime system as it is implemented for the cc65 C
|
|
compiler.
|
|
</abstract>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Table of contents -->
|
|
<toc>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Begin the document -->
|
|
|
|
<sect>Overview<p>
|
|
|
|
This file contains an overview of the PET runtime system as it comes with the
|
|
cc65 C compiler. It describes the memory layout, PET specific header files,
|
|
available drivers, and any pitfalls specific to that platform.
|
|
|
|
Please note that PET specific functions are just mentioned here, they are
|
|
described in detail in the separate <htmlurl url="funcref.html" name="function
|
|
reference">. Even functions marked as "platform dependent" may be available on
|
|
more than one platform. Please see the function reference for more
|
|
information.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Binary format<p>
|
|
|
|
The standard binary output format generated by the linker for the PET target
|
|
is a machine language program with a one line BASIC stub. This means that a
|
|
program can be loaded as BASIC program and started with RUN. It is of course
|
|
possible to change this behaviour by using a modified startup file and linker
|
|
config.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Memory layout<p>
|
|
|
|
cc65 generated programs with the default setup run with the I/O area and the
|
|
kernal and BASIC ROM enabled, which gives a usable memory range of
|
|
$0400 - $7FFF (32KB machine).
|
|
All ROM entry points may be called directly without additional code.
|
|
|
|
Special locations:
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
<tag/Text screen/
|
|
The text screen is located at $8000.
|
|
|
|
<tag/Stack/
|
|
The C runtime stack is located at $7FFF and growing downwards.
|
|
|
|
<tag/Heap/
|
|
The C heap is located at the end of the program and grows towards the C
|
|
runtime stack.
|
|
|
|
</descrip><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Platform specific header files<p>
|
|
|
|
Programs containing PET specific code may use the <tt/pet.h/ or <tt/cbm.h/
|
|
header files. Using the later may be an option when writing code for more than
|
|
one CBM platform, since it includes <tt/pet.h/ and declares several functions
|
|
common to all CBM platforms.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>PET specific functions<p>
|
|
|
|
There are currently no special PET functions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>CBM specific functions<p>
|
|
|
|
Some functions are available for all (or at least most) of the Commodore
|
|
machines. See the <htmlurl url="funcref.html" name="function reference"> for
|
|
declaration and usage.
|
|
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>cbm_close
|
|
<item>cbm_closedir
|
|
<item>cbm_k_setlfs
|
|
<item>cbm_k_setnam
|
|
<item>cbm_k_load
|
|
<item>cbm_k_save
|
|
<item>cbm_k_open
|
|
<item>cbm_k_close
|
|
<item>cbm_k_readst
|
|
<item>cbm_k_chkin
|
|
<item>cbm_k_ckout
|
|
<item>cbm_k_basin
|
|
<item>cbm_k_bsout
|
|
<item>cbm_k_clrch
|
|
<item>cbm_load
|
|
<item>cbm_open
|
|
<item>cbm_opendir
|
|
<item>cbm_read
|
|
<item>cbm_readdir
|
|
<item>cbm_save
|
|
<item>cbm_write
|
|
<item>get_tv
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Hardware access<p>
|
|
|
|
The following pseudo variables declared in the <tt/pet.h/ header file do allow
|
|
access to hardware located in the address space. Some variables are
|
|
structures, accessing the struct fields will access the chip registers.
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
|
|
<tag><tt/PIA1, PIA2/</tag>
|
|
Access to the two PIA (peripheral interface adapter) chips is available via
|
|
the <tt/PIA1/ and <tt/PIA2/ variables. The structure behind these variables
|
|
is explained in <tt/_pia.h/.
|
|
|
|
<tag><tt/VIA/</tag>
|
|
The <tt/VIA/ structure allows access to the VIA (versatile interface
|
|
adapter). See the <tt/_6522.h/ header file located in the include
|
|
directory for the declaration of the structure.
|
|
|
|
</descrip><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Loadable drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Graphics drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
No graphics drivers are currently available for the PET.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Extended memory drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
No extended memory drivers are currently available for the PET.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Joystick drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
|
|
<tag><tt/pet-ptvjoy.joy/</tag>
|
|
Driver for the Protovision 4-player adapter contributed by Groepaz. See
|
|
<htmlurl url="http://www.protovision-online.de/hardw/hardwstart.htm"
|
|
name="http://www.protovision-online.de/hardw/hardwstart.htm"> for prices and
|
|
building instructions. Up to two joysticks are supported.
|
|
|
|
</descrip><p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Mouse drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
No mouse drivers are currently available for the PET.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>RS232 device drivers<p>
|
|
|
|
No serial drivers are currently available for the PET.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Limitations<p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Other hints<p>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Passing arguments to the program<p>
|
|
|
|
Command line arguments can be passed to <tt/main()/. Since this is not
|
|
supported by BASIC, the following syntax was chosen:
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
RUN:REM ARG1 " ARG2 IS QUOTED" ARG3 "" ARG5
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
<enum>
|
|
<item>Arguments are separated by spaces.
|
|
<item>Arguments may be quoted.
|
|
<item>Leading and trailing spaces around an argument are ignored. Spaces within
|
|
a quoted argument are allowed.
|
|
<item>The first argument passed to <tt/main/ is the program name.
|
|
<item>A maximum number of 10 arguments (including the program name) are
|
|
supported.
|
|
</enum>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Program return code<p>
|
|
|
|
The program return code (low byte) is passed back to BASIC by use of the
|
|
<tt/ST/ variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Interrupts<p>
|
|
|
|
The runtime for the PET uses routines marked as <tt/.CONDES/ type 2 for
|
|
interrupt handlers. Such routines must be written as simple machine language
|
|
subroutines and will be called automatically by the interrupt handler code
|
|
when they are linked into a program. See the discussion of the <tt/.CONDES/
|
|
feature in the <htmlurl url="ca65.html" name="assembler manual">.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Using extended memory<p>
|
|
|
|
The extended memory at $9000 of the CBM 8x96 may be added to the heap by using
|
|
the following code:
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
/* Check for the existence of RAM */
|
|
if (PEEK(0x9000) == POKE(0x9000, PEEK(0x9000)+1)) {
|
|
/* Add it to the heap */
|
|
_heapadd ((void *) 0x9000, 0x2000);
|
|
}
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>Bugs/Feedback<p>
|
|
|
|
If you have problems using the library, if you find any bugs, or if you're
|
|
doing something interesting with it, I would be glad to hear from you. Feel
|
|
free to contact me by email (<htmlurl url="mailto:uz@cc65.org"
|
|
name="uz@cc65.org">).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>License<p>
|
|
|
|
This software is provided 'as-is', without any expressed or implied
|
|
warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
|
|
arising from the use of this software.
|
|
|
|
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
|
|
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
|
|
freely, subject to the following restrictions:
|
|
|
|
<enum>
|
|
<item> The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
|
|
claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
|
|
in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
|
|
appreciated but is not required.
|
|
<item> Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
|
|
be misrepresented as being the original software.
|
|
<item> This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
|
|
distribution.
|
|
</enum>
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|