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158 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
158 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<article>
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<title>Using emulators with cc65
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<author><url url="mailto:uz@cc65.org" name="Ullrich von Bassewitz">
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<abstract>
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How to debug your code using the VICE and Oricutron emulators.
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</abstract>
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<!-- Table of contents -->
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<toc>
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<!-- Begin the document -->
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<sect>Overview<p>
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This document describes how to debug your programs using the cc65 development
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tools and the VICE or Oricutron emulator.
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<sect>What is VICE?<p>
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VICE is an emulator for many of the CBM machines. It runs on Unix, MS-DOS,
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Win32, OS/2, Acorn RISC OS, BeOS, QNX 6.x, Amiga, GP2X and Mac OS X. It emulates
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the Commodore 64, 128, VIC20, PET and the 600/700 machines. For more information
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see the VICE home page:
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<url url="http://vice-emu.sourceforge.net/">.
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VICE has a builtin machine language monitor that may be used for debugging
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your programs. Using an emulator for debugging has some advantages:
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<itemize>
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<item>Since you're using a crossassembler/-compiler anyway, you don't need to
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transfer the program to the real machine until it is done.
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<item>An emulator allows many things that are almost impossible one of the
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original machines. You may set watchpoints (detect read or write access to
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arbitrary addresses), debug interrupt handlers and even debug routines that run
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inside the 1541 floppy.
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<item>You may use the label file generated by the linker to make much more use
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from the monitor.
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</itemize>
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<sect>How to prepare your programs<p>
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VICE support is mostly done via a label file that is generated by the linker
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and that may be read by the VICE monitor, so it knows about your program.
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Source level debugging is <tt/not/ available, you have to debug your programs
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in the assembler view.
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The first step is to generate object files that contain information about
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<em/all/ labels in your sources, not just the exported ones. This can be done
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by several means:
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<itemize>
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<item>Use the -g switch on the assembler command line.
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<item>Use the
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<tscreen><verb>
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.debuginfo +
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</verb></tscreen>
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command in your source.
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<item>Use the <tt/-g/ switch when invoking the compiler. The compiler will
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then place a <tt/.debuginfo/ command into the generated assembler source.
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</itemize>
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So, if you have just C code, all you need is to invoke the compiler with
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<tt/-g/. If you're using assembler code, you have to use <tt/-g/ for the
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assembler, or add "<tt/.debuginfo on/" to your source files. Since the
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generated debug info is not appended to the generated executables, it is a
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good idea to always use <tt/-g/. It makes the object files and libraries
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slightly larger (˜30%), but this is usually not a problem.
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The second step is to tell the linker that it should generate a VICE label
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file. This is done by the <tt/-Ln/ switch followed by the name of the label
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file (I'm usually using a <tt/.lbl/ extension for these files). An example for
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a linker command line would be:
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<tscreen><verb>
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ld65 -o hello -t c64 -Ln hello.lbl -m hello.map hello.o c64.lib
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</verb></tscreen>
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or
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<tscreen><verb>
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ld65 -o hello.tap -t atmos -Ln hello.sym -m hello.map hello.o atmos.lib
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</verb></tscreen>
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This will generate a file named hello.lbl that contains all symbols used in
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your program.
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<bf>Note</bf>: The runtime libraries and startup files were generated with
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debug info, so you don't have to care about this.
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<sect>How to use the label file with VICE<p>
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Load your program, then enter the monitor and use the "<tt/ll/" command to
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load your label file like this:
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<tscreen><verb>
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ll "hello.lbl"
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</verb></tscreen>
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You will get lots of warnings and even a few errors. You may ignore safely all
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these warnings and errors as long as they reference any problems VICE thinks
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it has with the labels.
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After loading the labels, they are used by VICE in the disassembler listing,
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and you may use them wherever you need to specify an address. Try
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<tscreen><verb>
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d ._main
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</verb></tscreen>
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as an example (note that VICE needs a leading dot before all labels, and that
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the compiler prepends an underline under most named labels).
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If you start the emulator from the commandline, you can also load the labels
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directly using something like this:
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<tscreen><verb>
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x64sc -moncommands hello.lbl hello.prg
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</verb></tscreen>
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<sect>How to use the label file with Oricutron<p>
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Load your program, then enter the monitor and use the "<tt/sl/" command to
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load your label file like this:
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<tscreen><verb>
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sl hello.sym
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</verb></tscreen>
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After loading the labels, they are used by Oricutron in the disassembler listing,
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and you may use them wherever you need to specify an address. Try
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<tscreen><verb>
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d ._main
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</verb></tscreen>
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as an example.
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</article>
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