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Add a tutorial and some more general concepts.
git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@17369 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8
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Reid Spencer
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<li><a href="#general">General Concepts</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#projects">Projects</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile">Makefile</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.common">Makefile.common</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.config">Makefile.config</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.rules">Makefile.rules</a></li>
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<li><a href="#varvals">Variable Values</a></li>
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<li><a href="#including">Including Makefiles</a></li>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#Makefile">Makefile</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.common">Makefile.common</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.config">Makefile.config</a></li>
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<li><a href="#Makefile.rules">Makefile.rules</a></li>
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</ol>
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<li><a href="#Comments">Comments</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#tutorial">Tutorial</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#libraries">Libraries</a></li>
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<li><a href="#tools">Tools</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#targets">Targets Supported</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#all">all</a></li>
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@ -60,15 +70,14 @@
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<p>This document provides <em>usage</em> information about the LLVM makefile
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system. While loosely patterned after the BSD makefile system, LLVM has taken
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a departure from BSD in order to implement additional features needed by LLVM.
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</p>
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<p>Although makefile systems such as automake were attempted at one point, it
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has become clear that the differences between the LLVM way of doing things and
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the Makefile norm are too great to use a more limited tool. Consequently, LLVM requires
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simply GNU Make 3.79, a widely portably makefile processor. LLVM unabashedly
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makes heavy use of the features of GNU Make so the dependency on GNU Make is
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firm. If you're not familiar with <tt>make</tt>, it is recommended that you
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read the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html">
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GNU Makefile Manual</a>.</p>
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Although makefile systems such as automake were attempted at one point, it
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has become clear that the features needed by LLVM and the Makefile norm are
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too great to use a more limited tool. Consequently, LLVM requires simply GNU
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Make 3.79, a widely portable makefile processor. LLVM unabashedly makes heavy
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use of the features of GNU Make so the dependency on GNU Make is firm. If
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you're not familiar with <tt>make</tt>, it is recommended that you read the
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<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/make.html">GNU Makefile Manual
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</a>.</p>
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<p>While this document is rightly part of the
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<a href="ProgrammersManual.html">LLVM Programmer's Manual</a>, it is treated
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separately here because of the volume of content and because it is often an
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@ -80,9 +89,11 @@
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The LLVM makefile system is the component of LLVM that is responsible for
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building the software, testing it, generating distributions, rpms and other
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packages, installing and uninstalling, etc.</p>
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<p>The LLVM Makefile System is the component of LLVM that is responsible for
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building the software, testing it, generating distributions, checking those
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distributions, installing and uninstalling, etc. It consists of a several
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files throughout the source tree. These files and other general concepts are
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described in this section.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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@ -94,11 +105,30 @@
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that has both a <tt>configure</tt> script and a <tt>Makefile</tt> is assumed
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to be a project that uses the LLVM Makefile system. This allows your project
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to get up and running quickly by utilizing the built-in features that are used
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to compile LLVM.</p>
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to compile LLVM. LLVM compiles itself using the same features of the makefile
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system as used for projects.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="Makefile">Makefile</a></div>
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="varvalues">Variable Values</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>To use the makefile system, you simply create a file named
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<tt>Makefile</tt> in your directory and declare values for certain variables.
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The variables and values that you select determine what the makefile system
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will do. These variables enable rules and processing in the makefile system
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that automatically Do The Right Thing™.
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="including">Including Makefiles</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Setting variables alone is not enough. You must include into your Makefile
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additional files that provide the rules of the LLVM Makefile system. The
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various files involved are described in the sections that follow.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="Makefile">Makefile</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Each directory to participate in the build needs to have a file named
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<tt>Makefile</tt>. This is the file first read by <tt>make</tt>. It has three
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first.</li>
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<li><a href="Makefile.common">include <tt>$(LEVEL)/Makefile.common</tt></a>
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- include the LLVM Makefile system.
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<li><a href="overvars">Overridable Variables</a> - Override variables set by
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<li><a href="overvars">Override Variables</a> - Override variables set by
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the LLVM Makefile system.
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</ol>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="Makefile.common">Makefile.common</a></div>
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<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="Makefile.common">Makefile.common</a>
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</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Every project must have a <tt>Makefile.common</tt> file at its top source
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directory. This file serves three purposes:</p>
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@ -125,14 +156,15 @@
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<li>It specifies any other (static) values that are needed throughout the
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project. Only values that are used in all or a large proportion of the
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project's directories should be placed here.</li>
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<li>It include's the standard rules for the LLVM Makefile system,
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<li>It includes the standard rules for the LLVM Makefile system,
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<a href="Makefile.rules"><tt>$(LLVM_SRC_ROOT)/Makefile.rules</tt></a>.
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This file is the "guts" of the LLVM Makefile system.</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="Makefile.config">Makefile.config</a></div>
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<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="Makefile.config">Makefile.config</a>
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</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Every project must have a <tt>Makefile.config</tt> at the top of its
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<em>build</em> directory. This file is <b>generated</b> by the
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="Makefile.rules">Makefile.rules</a></div>
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<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="Makefile.rules">Makefile.rules</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>This file, located at <tt>$(LLVM_SRC_ROOT)/Makefile.rules</tt> is the heart
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of the LLVM Makefile System. It provides all the logic, dependencies, and
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by <tt>make</tt>.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section"><a name="tutorial">Tutorial</a></div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>This section provides some examples of the different kinds of modules you
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can build with the LLVM makefile system. In general, each directory you
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provide will build a single object although that object may be composed of
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additionally compiled components.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="libraries">Libraries</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Only a few variable definitions are needed to build a regular library.
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Normally, the makefile system will build all the software into a single
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<tt>libname.o</tt> (pre-linked) object. This means the library is not
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searchable and that the distinction between compilation units has been
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dissolved. Optionally, you can ask for a shared library (.so), archive library
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(.a) or to not have the default (relinked) library built. For example:</p>
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<pre><tt>
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LIBRARYNAME = mylib
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SHARED_LIBRARY = 1
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ARCHIVE_LIBRARY = 1
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DONT_BUILT_RELINKED = 1
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</tt></pre>
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<p>says to build a library named "mylib" with both a shared library
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(<tt>mylib.so</tt>) and an archive library (<tt>mylib.a</tt>) version but
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not to build the relinked object (<tt>mylib.o</tt>). The contents of all the
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libraries produced will be the same, they are just constructed differently.
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Note that you normally do not need to specify the sources involved. The LLVM
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Makefile system will infer the source files from the contents of the source
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directory.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="tools">Tools</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>For building executable programs (tools), you must provide the name of the
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tool and the names of the libraries you wish to link with the tool. For
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example:</p>
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<pre><tt>
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TOOLNAME = mytool
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USEDLIBS = mylib
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LLVMLIBS = LLVMSupport.a LLVMSystem.a
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</tt></pre>
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<p>says that we are to build a tool name <tt>mytool</tt> and that it requires
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three libraries: <tt>mylib</tt>, <tt>LLVMSupport.a</tt> and
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<tt>LLVMSystem.a</tt>.</p>
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<p>Note that two different variables are use to indicate which libraries are
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linked: <tt>USEDLIBS</tt> and <tt>LLVMLIBS</tt>. This distinction is necessary
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to support projects. <tt>LLVMLIBS</tt> refers to the LLVM libraries found in
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the LLVM object directory. <tt>USEDLIBS</tt> refers to the libraries built by
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your project. In the case of building LLVM tools, <tt>USEDLIBS</tt> and
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<tt>LLVMLIBS</tt> can be used interchangeably since the "project" is LLVM
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itself and <tt>USEDLIBS</tt> refers to the same place as <tt>LLVMLIBS</tt>.
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</p>
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<p>Also note that there are two different ways of specifying a library: with a
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<tt>.a</tt> suffix and without. Without the suffix, the entry refers to the
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re-linked (.o) file which will include <em>all</em> symbols of the library.
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This is useful, for example, to include all passes from a library of passes.
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If the <tt>.a</tt> suffix is used then the library is linked as a searchable
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library (with the <tt>-l</tt> option). In this case, only the symbols that are
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unresolved <em>at that point</em> will be resolved from the library, if they
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exist. Other (unreferenced) symbols will not be included when the <tt>.a</tt>
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syntax is used. Note that in order to use the <tt>.a</tt> suffix, the library
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in question must have been built with the <tt>ARCHIVE_LIBRARY</tt> option set.
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section"><a name="targets">Targets Supported</a></div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<dd>If set to any value, causes a relinked library (.o) not to be built. By
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default, libraries are built as re-linked since most LLVM libraries are
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needed in their entirety and re-linked libraries will be linked more quickly
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than equival archive libraries.</dd>
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than equivalent archive libraries.</dd>
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<dt><a name="ENABLE_OPTIMIZED"><tt>ENABLE_OPTIMIZED</tt></a></dt>
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<dd>If set to any value, causes the build to generate optimized objects,
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libraries and executables. This alters the flags specified to the compilers
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="overvars">Overridable Variables</a></div>
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="overvars">Override Variables</a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Overridable variables can be used to override the default
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<p>Override variables can be used to override the default
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values provided by the LLVM makefile system. These variables can be set in
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several ways:</p>
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<ul>
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