Late optimization passes like branch folding and tail duplication can
transform the machine code in a way that makes it expensive to keep the
register liveness information up to date. There is a fuzzy line between
register allocation and late scheduling where the liveness information
degrades.
The MRI::tracksLiveness() flag makes the line clear: While true,
liveness information is accurate, and can be used for register
scavenging. Once the flag is false, liveness information is not
accurate, and can only be used as a hint.
Late passes generally don't need the liveness information, but they will
sometimes use the register scavenger to help update it. The scavenger
enforces strict correctness, and we have to spend a lot of code to
update register liveness that may never be used.
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size bloat. Unfortunately, I expect this to disable the majority of the
benefit from r152737. I'm hopeful at least that it will fix PR12345. To
explain this requires... quite a bit of backstory I'm afraid.
TL;DR: The change in r152737 actually did The Wrong Thing for
linkonce-odr functions. This change makes it do the right thing. The
benefits we saw were simple luck, not any actual strategy. Benchmark
numbers after a mini-blog-post so that I've written down my thoughts on
why all of this works and doesn't work...
To understand what's going on here, you have to understand how the
"bottom-up" inliner actually works. There are two fundamental modes to
the inliner:
1) Standard fixed-cost bottom-up inlining. This is the mode we usually
think about. It walks from the bottom of the CFG up to the top,
looking at callsites, taking information about the callsite and the
called function and computing th expected cost of inlining into that
callsite. If the cost is under a fixed threshold, it inlines. It's
a touch more complicated than that due to all the bonuses, weights,
etc. Inlining the last callsite to an internal function gets higher
weighth, etc. But essentially, this is the mode of operation.
2) Deferred bottom-up inlining (a term I just made up). This is the
interesting mode for this patch an r152737. Initially, this works
just like mode #1, but once we have the cost of inlining into the
callsite, we don't just compare it with a fixed threshold. First, we
check something else. Let's give some names to the entities at this
point, or we'll end up hopelessly confused. We're considering
inlining a function 'A' into its callsite within a function 'B'. We
want to check whether 'B' has any callers, and whether it might be
inlined into those callers. If so, we also check whether inlining 'A'
into 'B' would block any of the opportunities for inlining 'B' into
its callers. We take the sum of the costs of inlining 'B' into its
callers where that inlining would be blocked by inlining 'A' into
'B', and if that cost is less than the cost of inlining 'A' into 'B',
then we skip inlining 'A' into 'B'.
Now, in order for #2 to make sense, we have to have some confidence that
we will actually have the opportunity to inline 'B' into its callers
when cheaper, *and* that we'll be able to revisit the decision and
inline 'A' into 'B' if that ever becomes the correct tradeoff. This
often isn't true for external functions -- we can see very few of their
callers, and we won't be able to re-consider inlining 'A' into 'B' if
'B' is external when we finally see more callers of 'B'. There are two
cases where we believe this to be true for C/C++ code: functions local
to a translation unit, and functions with an inline definition in every
translation unit which uses them. These are represented as internal
linkage and linkonce-odr (resp.) in LLVM. I enabled this logic for
linkonce-odr in r152737.
Unfortunately, when I did that, I also introduced a subtle bug. There
was an implicit assumption that the last caller of the function within
the TU was the last caller of the function in the program. We want to
bonus the last caller of the function in the program by a huge amount
for inlining because inlining that callsite has very little cost.
Unfortunately, the last caller in the TU of a linkonce-odr function is
*not* the last caller in the program, and so we don't want to apply this
bonus. If we do, we can apply it to one callsite *per-TU*. Because of
the way deferred inlining works, when it sees this bonus applied to one
callsite in the TU for 'B', it decides that inlining 'B' is of the
*utmost* importance just so we can get that final bonus. It then
proceeds to essentially force deferred inlining regardless of the actual
cost tradeoff.
The result? PR12345: code bloat, code bloat, code bloat. Another result
is getting *damn* lucky on a few benchmarks, and the over-inlining
exposing critically important optimizations. I would very much like
a list of benchmarks that regress after this change goes in, with
bitcode before and after. This will help me greatly understand what
opportunities the current cost analysis is missing.
Initial benchmark numbers look very good. WebKit files that exhibited
the worst of PR12345 went from growing to shrinking compared to Clang
with r152737 reverted.
- Bootstrapped Clang is 3% smaller with this change.
- Bootstrapped Clang -O0 over a single-source-file of lib/Lex is 4%
faster with this change.
Please let me know about any other performance impact you see. Thanks to
Nico for reporting and urging me to actually fix, Richard Smith, Duncan
Sands, Manuel Klimek, and Benjamin Kramer for talking through the issues
today.
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MachinePointerInfo when getStore is called to create a node that stores an
argument passed in register to the stack. Without this change, the post RA
scheduler will fail to discover the dependencies between the stores
instructions and the instructions that load from a structure passed by value.
The link to the related discussion is here:
http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2012-March/048055.html
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set it in MipsMCCodeEmitter::getMachineOpValue. Assert in getMachineOpValue if
MachineOperand MO is of an unexpected type.
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copies being considered for removal. Make sure to track all of the copies,
rather than just the most recent encountered, by holding a DenseSet instead of
an unsigned in SrcMap.
No test case - couldn't reduce something with a sane size.
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produces a 32-bit immediate which is consumed by the use. It tries to
fold the immediate by breaking it into two parts and fold them into the
immmediate fields of two uses. e.g
movw r2, #40885
movt r3, #46540
add r0, r0, r3
=>
add.w r0, r0, #3019898880
add.w r0, r0, #30146560
;
However, this transformation is incorrect if the user produces a flag. e.g.
movw r2, #40885
movt r3, #46540
adds r0, r0, r3
=>
add.w r0, r0, #3019898880
adds.w r0, r0, #30146560
Note the adds.w may not set the carry flag even if the original sequence
would.
rdar://11116189
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backtrace locations.
Testcase forthcoming, but I wanted to get some testing here.
Should fix:
PR12323
PR12314
rdar://11091100
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relocations. The algorithm is the same as
that for x86_64. Scattered relocations, a
feature present in i386 but not on x86_64,
are not yet supported.
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Original commit message:
Use the new range metadata in computeMaskedBits and add a new optimization to
instruction simplify that lets us remove an and when loading a boolean value.
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constant-offsets of a common base using the generic GEP-walking logic
I added for computing pointer differences in the same situation.
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inbounds GEPs. This isn't really necessary for simplifying pointer
differences, but I'm planning to re-use the same code to simplify
pointer comparisons where it is necessary. Since real code almost
exclusively uses inbounds GEPs, it doesn't seem worth it to support the
extra complexity of turning it on and off. If anyone would like that
back, feel free to shout. Note that instcombine will still catch any of
these patterns.
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