CodeGenPrepare sinks compare instructions down to their uses to prevent
live flags and predicate registers across basic blocks.
PRE of a compare instruction prevents that, forcing the i1 compare
result into a general purpose register. That is usually more expensive
than the redundant compare PRE was trying to eliminate in the first
place.
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blocks in the function cloner. This removes the last case of trivially
dead code that I've been seeing in the wild getting inlined, analyzed,
re-inlined, optimized, only to be deleted. Nukes a FIXME from the
cleanup tests.
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size bloat. Unfortunately, I expect this to disable the majority of the
benefit from r152737. I'm hopeful at least that it will fix PR12345. To
explain this requires... quite a bit of backstory I'm afraid.
TL;DR: The change in r152737 actually did The Wrong Thing for
linkonce-odr functions. This change makes it do the right thing. The
benefits we saw were simple luck, not any actual strategy. Benchmark
numbers after a mini-blog-post so that I've written down my thoughts on
why all of this works and doesn't work...
To understand what's going on here, you have to understand how the
"bottom-up" inliner actually works. There are two fundamental modes to
the inliner:
1) Standard fixed-cost bottom-up inlining. This is the mode we usually
think about. It walks from the bottom of the CFG up to the top,
looking at callsites, taking information about the callsite and the
called function and computing th expected cost of inlining into that
callsite. If the cost is under a fixed threshold, it inlines. It's
a touch more complicated than that due to all the bonuses, weights,
etc. Inlining the last callsite to an internal function gets higher
weighth, etc. But essentially, this is the mode of operation.
2) Deferred bottom-up inlining (a term I just made up). This is the
interesting mode for this patch an r152737. Initially, this works
just like mode #1, but once we have the cost of inlining into the
callsite, we don't just compare it with a fixed threshold. First, we
check something else. Let's give some names to the entities at this
point, or we'll end up hopelessly confused. We're considering
inlining a function 'A' into its callsite within a function 'B'. We
want to check whether 'B' has any callers, and whether it might be
inlined into those callers. If so, we also check whether inlining 'A'
into 'B' would block any of the opportunities for inlining 'B' into
its callers. We take the sum of the costs of inlining 'B' into its
callers where that inlining would be blocked by inlining 'A' into
'B', and if that cost is less than the cost of inlining 'A' into 'B',
then we skip inlining 'A' into 'B'.
Now, in order for #2 to make sense, we have to have some confidence that
we will actually have the opportunity to inline 'B' into its callers
when cheaper, *and* that we'll be able to revisit the decision and
inline 'A' into 'B' if that ever becomes the correct tradeoff. This
often isn't true for external functions -- we can see very few of their
callers, and we won't be able to re-consider inlining 'A' into 'B' if
'B' is external when we finally see more callers of 'B'. There are two
cases where we believe this to be true for C/C++ code: functions local
to a translation unit, and functions with an inline definition in every
translation unit which uses them. These are represented as internal
linkage and linkonce-odr (resp.) in LLVM. I enabled this logic for
linkonce-odr in r152737.
Unfortunately, when I did that, I also introduced a subtle bug. There
was an implicit assumption that the last caller of the function within
the TU was the last caller of the function in the program. We want to
bonus the last caller of the function in the program by a huge amount
for inlining because inlining that callsite has very little cost.
Unfortunately, the last caller in the TU of a linkonce-odr function is
*not* the last caller in the program, and so we don't want to apply this
bonus. If we do, we can apply it to one callsite *per-TU*. Because of
the way deferred inlining works, when it sees this bonus applied to one
callsite in the TU for 'B', it decides that inlining 'B' is of the
*utmost* importance just so we can get that final bonus. It then
proceeds to essentially force deferred inlining regardless of the actual
cost tradeoff.
The result? PR12345: code bloat, code bloat, code bloat. Another result
is getting *damn* lucky on a few benchmarks, and the over-inlining
exposing critically important optimizations. I would very much like
a list of benchmarks that regress after this change goes in, with
bitcode before and after. This will help me greatly understand what
opportunities the current cost analysis is missing.
Initial benchmark numbers look very good. WebKit files that exhibited
the worst of PR12345 went from growing to shrinking compared to Clang
with r152737 reverted.
- Bootstrapped Clang is 3% smaller with this change.
- Bootstrapped Clang -O0 over a single-source-file of lib/Lex is 4%
faster with this change.
Please let me know about any other performance impact you see. Thanks to
Nico for reporting and urging me to actually fix, Richard Smith, Duncan
Sands, Manuel Klimek, and Benjamin Kramer for talking through the issues
today.
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aggressively. There are lots of dire warnings about this being expensive
that seem to predate switching to the TrackingVH-based value remapper
that is automatically updated on RAUW. This makes it easy to not just
prune single-entry PHIs, but to fully simplify PHIs, and to recursively
simplify the newly inlined code to propagate PHINode simplifications.
This introduces a bit of a thorny problem though. We may end up
simplifying a branch condition to a constant when we fold PHINodes, and
we would like to nuke any dead blocks resulting from this so that time
isn't wasted continually analyzing them, but this isn't easy. Deleting
basic blocks *after* they are fully cloned and mapped into the new
function currently requires manually updating the value map. The last
piece of the simplification-during-inlining puzzle will require either
switching to WeakVH mappings or some other piece of refactoring. I've
left a FIXME in the testcase about this.
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to instead rely on much more generic and powerful instruction
simplification in the function cloner (and thus inliner).
This teaches the pruning function cloner to use instsimplify rather than
just the constant folder to fold values during cloning. This can
simplify a large number of things that constant folding alone cannot
begin to touch. For example, it will realize that 'or' and 'and'
instructions with certain constant operands actually become constants
regardless of what their other operand is. It also can thread back
through the caller to perform simplifications that are only possible by
looking up a few levels. In particular, GEPs and pointer testing tend to
fold much more heavily with this change.
This should (in some cases) have a positive impact on compile times with
optimizations on because the inliner itself will simply avoid cloning
a great deal of code. It already attempted to prune proven-dead code,
but now it will be use the stronger simplifications to prove more code
dead.
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fire if anything ever invalidates the assumption of a terminator
instruction being unchanged throughout the routine.
I've convinced myself that the current definition of simplification
precludes such a transformation, so I think getting some asserts
coverage that we don't violate this agreement is sufficient to make this
code safe for the foreseeable future.
Comments to the contrary or other suggestions are of course welcome. =]
The bots are now happy with this code though, so it appears the bug here
has indeed been fixed.
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list. This is a bad idea. ;] I'm hopeful this is the bug that's showing
up with the MSVC bots, but we'll see.
It is definitely unnecessary. InstSimplify won't do anything to
a terminator instruction, we don't need to even include it in the
iteration range. We can also skip the now dead terminator check,
although I've made it an assert to help document that this is an
important invariant.
I'm still a bit queasy about this because there is an implicit
assumption that the terminator instruction cannot be RAUW'ed by the
simplification code. While that appears to be true at the moment, I see
no guarantee that would ensure it remains true in the future. I'm
looking at the cleanest way to solve that...
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bit simpler by handling a common case explicitly.
Also, refactor the implementation to use a worklist based walk of the
recursive users, rather than trying to use value handles to detect and
recover from RAUWs during the recursive descent. This fixes a very
subtle bug in the previous implementation where degenerate control flow
structures could cause mutually recursive instructions (PHI nodes) to
collapse in just such a way that From became equal to To after some
amount of recursion. At that point, we hit the inf-loop that the assert
at the top attempted to guard against. This problem is defined away when
not using value handles in this manner. There are lots of comments
claiming that the WeakVH will protect against just this sort of error,
but they're not accurate about the actual implementation of WeakVHs,
which do still track RAUWs.
I don't have any test case for the bug this fixes because it requires
running the recursive simplification on unreachable phi nodes. I've no
way to either run this or easily write an input that triggers it. It was
found when using instruction simplification inside the inliner when
running over the nightly test-suite.
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same basic block, and it's not safe to insert code in the successor
blocks if the edges are critical edges. Splitting those edges is
possible, but undesirable, especially on the unwind side. Instead,
make the bottom-up code motion to consider invokes to be part of
their successor blocks, rather than part of their parent blocks, so
that it doesn't push code past them and onto the edges. This fixes
PR12307.
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dominated by Root, check that B is available throughout the scope. This
is obviously true (famous last words?) given the current logic, but the
check may be helpful if more complicated reasoning is added one day.
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Do not call SplitBlockPredecessors on a loop preheader when one of the
predecessors is an indirectbr. Otherwise, you will hit this assert:
!isa<IndirectBrInst>(Preds[i]->getTerminator()) && "Cannot split an edge from an IndirectBrInst"
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alignment. If that's the case, then we want to make sure that we don't increase
the alignment of the store instruction. Because if we increase it to be "more
aligned" than the pointer, code-gen may use instructions which require a greater
alignment than the pointer guarantees.
<rdar://problem/11043589>
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It was added in 2007 as the first cut at supporting no-inline
attributes, but we didn't have function attributes of any form at the
time. However, it was added without any mention in the LangRef or other
documentation.
Later on, in 2008, Devang added function notes for 'inline=never' and
then turned them into proper function attributes. From that point
onward, as far as I can tell, the world moved on, and no one has touched
'llvm.noinline' in any meaningful way since.
It's time has now come. We have had better mechanisms for doing this for
a long time, all the frontends I'm aware of use them, and this is just
holding back progress. Given that it was never a documented feature of
the IR, I've provided no auto-upgrade support. If people know of real,
in-the-wild bitcode that relies on this, yell at me and I'll add it, but
I *seriously* doubt anyone cares.
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directly query the function information which this set was representing.
This simplifies the interface of the inline cost analysis, and makes the
always-inline pass significantly more efficient.
Previously, always-inline would first make a single set of every
function in the module *except* those marked with the always-inline
attribute. It would then query this set at every call site to see if the
function was a member of the set, and if so, refuse to inline it. This
is quite wasteful. Instead, simply check the function attribute directly
when looking at the callsite.
The normal inliner also had similar redundancy. It added every function
in the module with the noinline attribute to its set to ignore, even
though inside the cost analysis function we *already tested* the
noinline attribute and produced the same result.
The only tricky part of removing this is that we have to be able to
correctly remove only the functions inlined by the always-inline pass
when finalizing, which requires a bit of a hack. Still, much less of
a hack than the set of all non-always-inline functions was. While I was
touching this function, I switched a heavy-weight set to a vector with
sort+unique. The algorithm already had a two-phase insert and removal
pattern, we were just needlessly paying the uniquing cost on every
insert.
This probably speeds up some compiles by a small amount (-O0 compiles
with lots of always-inline, so potentially heavy libc++ users), but I've
not tried to measure it.
I believe there is no functional change here, but yell if you spot one.
None are intended.
Finally, the direction this is going in is to greatly simplify the
inline cost query interface so that we can replace its implementation
with a much more clever one. Along the way, all the APIs get simplified,
so it seems incrementally good.
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Only record IVUsers that are dominated by simplified loop
headers. Otherwise SCEVExpander will crash while looking for a
preheader.
I previously tried to work around this in LSR itself, but that was
insufficient. This way, LSR can continue to run if some uses are not
in simple loops, as long as we don't attempt to analyze those users.
Fixes <rdar://problem/11049788> Segmentation fault: 11 in LoopStrengthReduce
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changed since. No one was using it. It is yet another consumer of the
InlineCost interface that I'd like to change.
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which are small enough to themselves be inlined. Delaying in this manner
can be harmful if the function is inelligible for inlining in some (or
many) contexts as it pessimizes the code of the function itself in the
event that inlining does not eventually happen.
Previously the check was written to only do this delaying of inlining
for static functions in the hope that they could be entirely deleted and
in the knowledge that all callers of static functions will have the
opportunity to inline if it is in fact profitable. However, with C++ we
get two other important sources of functions where the definition is
always available for inlining: inline functions and templated functions.
This patch generalizes the inliner to allow linkonce-ODR (the linkage
such C++ routines receive) to also qualify for this delay-based
inlining.
Benchmarking across a range of large real-world applications shows
roughly 2% size increase across the board, but an average speedup of
about 0.5%. Some benhcmarks improved over 2%, and the 'clang' binary
itself (when bootstrapped with this feature) shows a 1% -O0 performance
improvement when run over all Sema, Lex, and Parse source code smashed
into a single file. A clean re-build of Clang+LLVM with a bootstrapped
Clang shows approximately 2% improvement, but that measurement is often
noisy.
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candidate set for subsequent inlining, try to simplify the arguments to
the inner call site now that inlining has been performed.
The goal here is to propagate and fold constants through deeply nested
call chains. Without doing this, we loose the inliner bonus that should
be applied because the arguments don't match the exact pattern the cost
estimator uses.
Reviewed on IRC by Benjamin Kramer.
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Renamed methods caseBegin, caseEnd and caseDefault with case_begin, case_end, and case_default.
Added some notes relative to case iterators.
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traversal, consider nodes for which the only successors are backedges
which the traversal is ignoring to be exit nodes. This fixes a problem
where the bottom-up traversal was failing to visit split blocks along
split loop backedges. This fixes rdar://10989035.
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negative switch cases if the branch condition is known to be positive.
Inspired by a recent improvement to GCC's VRP.
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http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvm-commits/Week-of-Mon-20120130/136146.html
Implemented CaseIterator and it solves almost all described issues: we don't need to mix operand/case/successor indexing anymore. Base iterator class is implemented as a template since it may be initialized either from "const SwitchInst*" or from "SwitchInst*".
ConstCaseIt is just a read-only iterator.
CaseIt is read-write iterator; it allows to change case successor and case value.
Usage of iterator allows totally remove resolveXXXX methods. All indexing convertions done automatically inside the iterator's getters.
Main way of iterator usage looks like this:
SwitchInst *SI = ... // intialize it somehow
for (SwitchInst::CaseIt i = SI->caseBegin(), e = SI->caseEnd(); i != e; ++i) {
BasicBlock *BB = i.getCaseSuccessor();
ConstantInt *V = i.getCaseValue();
// Do something.
}
If you want to convert case number to TerminatorInst successor index, just use getSuccessorIndex iterator's method.
If you want initialize iterator from TerminatorInst successor index, use CaseIt::fromSuccessorIndex(...) method.
There are also related changes in llvm-clients: klee and clang.
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This implicitly fixes a nasty bug in the GVN hashing (that thankfully
could only manifest as a performance bug): actually include the opcode
in the hash. The old code started the hash off with the opcode, but then
overwrote it with the type pointer.
Since this is likely to be pretty hot (GVN being already pretty
expensive) I've included a micro-optimization to just not bother with
the varargs hashing if they aren't present. I can't measure any change
in GVN performance due to this, even with a big test case like Duncan's
sqlite one. Everything I see is in the noise floor. That said, this
closes a loop hole for a potential scaling problem due to collisions if
the opcode were the differentiating aspect of the expression.
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equalities into phi node operands for which the equality is known to
hold in the incoming basic block. That's because replaceAllDominatedUsesWith
wasn't handling phi nodes correctly in general (that this didn't give wrong
results was just luck: the specific way GVN uses replaceAllDominatedUsesWith
precluded wrong changes to phi nodes).
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Some BBs can become dead after codegen preparation. If we delete them here, it
could help enable tail-call optimizations later on.
<rdar://problem/10256573>
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This change replaces getTypeStoreSize with getTypeAllocSize in AddressSanitizer
instrumentation for stack allocations.
One case where old behaviour produced undesired results is an optimization in
InstCombine pass (PromoteCastOfAllocation), which can replace alloca(T) with
alloca(S), where S has the same AllocSize, but a smaller StoreSize. Another
case is memcpy(long double => long double), where ASan will poison bytes 10-15
of a stack-allocated long double (StoreSize 10, AllocSize 16,
sizeof(long double) = 16).
See http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=12047 for more context.
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can insert a new element, invalidating iterators. Use find
instead, and handle the case where the key is not found explicitly.
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value numbers to be assigned when calculating any particular value number.
Enhance the logic that detects new value numbers to take this into account,
for a tiny compile time speedup. Fix a comment typo while there.
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%cmp (eg: A==B) we already replace %cmp with "true" under the true edge, and
with "false" under the false edge. This change enhances this to replace the
negated compare (A!=B) with "false" under the true edge and "true" under the
false edge. Reported to improve perlbench results by 1%.
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are optimization hints, but at -O0 we're not optimizing. This becomes a problem
when the alwaysinline attribute is abused.
rdar://10921594
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they'll be simple enough to simulate, and to reduce the chance we'll encounter
equal but different simple pointer constants.
This removes the symptoms from PR11352 but is not a full fix. A proper fix would
either require a guarantee that two constant objects we simulate are folded
when equal, or a different way of handling equal pointers (ie., trying a
constantexpr icmp on them to see whether we know they're equal or non-equal or
unsure).
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This transformation is not safe in some pathological cases (signed icmp of pointers should be an
extremely rare thing, but it's valid IR!). Add an explanatory comment.
Kudos to Duncan for pointing out this edge case (and not giving up explaining it until I finally got it).
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- Ignore pointer casts.
- Also expand GEPs that aren't constantexprs when they have one use or only constant indices.
- We now compile "&foo[i] - &foo[j]" into "i - j".
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metadata may still unwind, but only in ways that the ARC
optimizer doesn't need to consider. This permits more
aggressive optimization.
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useful to represent a variable that is const in the source but can't be constant
in the IR because of a non-trivial constructor. If globalopt evaluates the
constructor, and there was an invariant.start with no matching invariant.end
possible, it will mark the global constant afterwards.
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