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Matthew Nielsen
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## Apple IIe Keyboard USB
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Arduino project to convert Apple IIe keyboard to USB using Teensy 2.0.
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This is a modified version of [RetroConnector's IIe-to-USB keyboard adapter code](https://github.com/option8/RetroConnector/blob/master/IIe-USB),
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changed to work with the Teensy 2.0 (atmega32u4) instead of the Teensy++. This
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modification also requires a parallel-in serial-out shift register such as as
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the 74HC165 or 74LS165.
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### Differences from the original code
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The Apple IIe keyboard requires 24 pins, but the Teensy 2.0 only has 23 pins
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available while it's in HID USB mode.
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This modified code works around this limitation by using 18 pins for the X/Y
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lines, and 4 pins to drive the shift register to read CONTROL, SHIFT, CAPS LOCK,
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OPEN/CLOSED APPLE and RESET.
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This leaves one pin free that we give to the built-in LED to show the Caps-Lock
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state.
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### Wiring
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#### Keyboard connector to Teensy 2.0
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Connections from the 26-pin connector on the Apple IIe keyboard to the pins on
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the Teensy 2.0 pins. "--" denotes connection to the shift register, covered
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below.
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IIe Connector Col/Row Arduino IDE Pin Teensy 2.0 Pin
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1 Y0 0 B0
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2 Y1 1 B1
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3 +5V +5v +5v
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4 Y2 2 B2
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5 SW1/CAPL -- --
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6 Y3 3 B3
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7 SW0/OAPL -- --
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8 Y4 24 E6
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9 CAPLOCK -- --
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10 Y5 4 B7
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11 CNTL -- --
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12 Y8 5 D0
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13 GND GND GND
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14 X0 6 D1
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15 RESET -- --
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16 X2 9 C6
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17 X7 17 F6
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18 X1 10 C7
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19 X5 16 F7
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20 X3 23 D5
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21 X4 15 B6
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22 Y9 22 D4
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23 Y6 14 B5
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24 SHIFT -- --
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25 Y7 13 B4
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26 X6 12 D7
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Wiring note: With the keyboard sitting in front of you as though you were typing
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on it, pins 25/26 will be on the end of the connector closest to you, and pins
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1/2 will be on the end of the connector farthest from you:
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+----------------+
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| | +-------+
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| | | 1/2 |
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| KEYBOARD | | | |
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| | | 25/26 |
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| | +-------+
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+----------------+
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#### Modifier keys to shift register
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Follows DIP-8 package: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls165a.pdf
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IIe Connector Col/Row Shift Register Input Notes
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5 SW1/CAPL B (pin 12) Active High
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7 SW0/OAPL A (pin 11) Active High
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9 CAPLOCK E (pin 3) Active Low, needs pull-up
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11 CNTL H (pin 6) Active Low, needs pull-up
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15 RESET G (pin 5) Active Low, needs pull-up, active low (only active with Control)
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24 SHIFT F (pin 4) Active Low, needs pull-up
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Shift Register Pins-to-Keys:
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0: open-apple, pull-down, active high
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1: closed-apple, pull-down, active high
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2: unused
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3: unused
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4: Caps-Lock, pull-up, active low
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5: Shift, pull-up, active low
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6: Reset, pull-up, active low (only active with Control)
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7: Control, pull-up, active low
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#### Shift register to Teensy 2.0
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Teensy 2.0 Pin Shift Register Pin
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18/F5 1: Parallel Load / SH/LD (active low)
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19/F4 15: Clock Enable / CLK INH (active low)
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20/F1 2: Clock Pulse / CLK (low-to-high edge triggered)
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21/F0 9: Data Pin (Q7)
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+5v 16: VCC
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GND 8: GND
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Follows DIP-8 package: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/sn74ls165a.pdf
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#### Other Pins
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Leave these unconnected.
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Teensy 2.0 Purpose
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7/D2 USB RX
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8/D3 USB TX
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11/D6 Caps Lock LED (LED_BUILTIN)
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### Changes
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Jan 24, 2017: Initial Commit
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### Credits
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This modification is by Matthew Nielsen, and can be found at:
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https://github.com/xunker/apple_iie_keyboard_usb
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This is based on the original code by RetroConnector:
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https://github.com/option8/RetroConnector/blob/master/IIe-USB
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Shift Register code is pulled from the Arduino Playground:
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http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/ShiftRegSN74HC165N
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It uses the Keypad library, by Mark Stanley and Alexander Brevig:
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http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Code/Keypad
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Keyboard pinout information is from Apple.info:
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http://apple2.info/wiki/index.php?title=Pinouts#Apple_.2F.2Fe_Motherboard_keyboard_connector
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