passport/README.md

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# Passport
a verification and copy program for
5.25-inch Apple II floppy disks
Minimum system requirements:
- Apple //e, //c, IIgs, or ][+ with 64K
- Two 5.25-inch disk drives(*)
(*) fully compatible with floppy drive
emulators like CFFA3000 and FloppyEMU.
## Some fun facts about copy protection
1. Many companies, especially smaller
ones, outsourced their protection.
I have seen byte-for-byte identical
copy protection on disks from seven
different companies!
2. Even companies that wrote their own
copy protection would try to re-use
it on multiple disks to get the most
"bang for the buck."
3. Not everything has been cracked!
Because there was so much piracy in
the 1980s, some people assume that
everything ever published has been
cracked, digitized, and preserved in
an emulator-friendly format. In
reality, there are hundreds of disks
that have never been cracked. Thirty
years later, these programs are
still trapped on physical media,
literally rotting away.
## Usage
Using Passport is simple. After running
the program, put an original disk in
slot 6, drive 1 and a blank formatted
disk in any other drive. If necessary,
press `S` to cycle through your drives.
Then press `C` to start the cracking.
If all goes well, Passport will read
your original disk and write a copy in
a standard format, then remove any
protection checks from the copy. The
copy will boot and run just as well as
the original disk, but it will be
copyable with COPYA or any full-disk
copy program.
If all does not go well, Passport will
tell you where it all went wrong.
During the process, you can press any
key to cancel immediately.
If you have a two-sided disk where only
one side is bootable, after the first
side completes, you can press `2` to
reuse the captured RWTS on the second
side.
If Passport stops because of read errors
but you suspect the errors are due to
physical damage (as opposed to just copy
protection), you can retry the process
ignoring errors by pressing `Ctrl-R`.
The resulting copy may or may not be
usable.
In any case, Passport will NEVER write
to or alter your original disk in any
way. And neither should you! Don't
reduce the number of original disks in
the world; they aren't making any more
of them.
## Supported protections
Passport targets common protection
schemes that were reused by multiple
companies. These types of protection
were common in educational software.
- Abracadata
e.g. Design Your Own Home series
- Allyn and Bacon
e.g. CAAT Skill Tester series
- American Guidance Service
e.g. SocMate Analogies Games
- Apple "Special Delivery"
e.g. Ernie's Quiz, Instant Zoo
- ArtSci
e.g. AceCalc, Magicalc
- Blue Chip Software
e.g. Squire, Baron, Tycoon
- BrainBank
e.g. BackAid
- Davidson & Associates
e.g. Math Blaster Plus, Read N Roll
- DC Heath
e.g. What Makes A Dinosaur Sore,
Buzz Bang Harvey
- DesignWare
e.g. Spellicopter, Crypto Cube
- Developmental Learning Materials
e.g. Curious George in Outer Space,
Alien Addition
- Didatech Software
e.g. Crosscountry USA, Crosscountry
Canada
- Edu-Ware
e.g. Decimals, Algebra 2
- Ellen Nelson Learning Library
e.g. Science (series), House-a-fire!
- EME
e.g. Metric System Tutor,
Water in the Air, Complex Circuits
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
e.g. Problem Solving in Algebra,
Math Skills: Elementary Level
- Enlightenment
e.g. Paul Whitehead Teaches Chess,
Living Chess Library
- Focus Media
e.g. The Time Tunnel (series),
Travels with Za-Zoom
- Gamco Publishing
e.g. Math Leap Frog, Math Football
- Grolier Publishing
e.g. NoteCard Maker, EduCalc
- Hartley Courseware
e.g. Chariots, Cougars, and Kings;
Tim and the Cat and the Big Red Hat
- Hayden Software
e.g. SAT Score Improvement System,
Microscopic Journey
- Heartsoft
e.g. Electric Chalkboard, Tommy the
Time-Telling Turtle
- Hoffman
e.g. Good Thinking! series
- Houghton-Mifflin
e.g. Game Frame One, Math Masters
- HRM Software
e.g. Gene Machine, Heredity Dog
- Josten Learning Systems
e.g. Building Reading Skills,
Explorations in Science
- Krell Software
e.g. Time Traveler, College Boards
- Laureate Learning Systems
e.g. Concentrate on Words & Concepts
- The Learning Company
e.g. Bumble Games, Gertrude's Secrets
- Learning Multi-Systems
e.g. Solar Reading
- Learning Technologies
e.g. Animal Hotel, Bike Hike
- McCarthy-McCormack
e.g. Vowel Corral, Library Magic
- Marshware
e.g. Squeegee Learns About Drugs
- Mastery Development
e.g. Mastery Arithmetic Games
- MECC
e.g. Word Munchers, Clock Works
- Media Basics
e.g. Return to Reading (series)
- Methods & Solutions
e.g. Fantasy Land, Behind The Wheel
- Micrograms Publishing
e.g. Wild West Math, Granny
Applebee's Cookie Factory
- Millennium Group
e.g. The Brain Game, Concentration
- Milliken Publishing
e.g. Math Sequences
- MindPlay
e.g. Fraction-oids, Dyno-Quest
- Mindscape
e.g. The Halley Project, Paperboy
- MUSE
e.g. RobotWar, Caverns of Freitag
- National Geographic Society
e.g. The Botanist's Apprentice
- Neosoft
e.g. Comparison Kitchen, Animal Photo
Fun
- Optimum Resource
e.g. Stickybear Math, Car Builder
- PDI
e.g. Leadsheeter, Polywriter
- Pelican Software
e.g. Dino Days, Graphics Converter
- Phoenix Software
e.g. Zoom Grafix
- Polarware
e.g. The Electric Crayon (series),
The Spy's Adventures (series)
- Quest Learning Systems
e.g. Bingo Bugglebee Presents Home
Alone, Outdoor Safety
- Queue
e.g. Force and Motion, Practical
Grammar
- Random House
e.g. Snoopy to the Rescue, Charlie
Brown's ABCs
- Reader's Digest
e.g. Key Lingo, Cogito
- Scholastic
e.g. Math Shop, Microzine
- Science Research Associates
e.g. Computer Drill and Instruction
- Scott, Foresman and Company
e.g. Addition and Subtraction 4,
Decimals 3, Dinosaurs and Squids
- Silicon Valley Systems
e.g. Rapid Reader, E-Z Learner
- Softsmith
e.g. Astro Attack, Dinner on a Disk
- Software Publishing Corporation
e.g. PFS File, PFS Graph, PFS Write
- Spinnaker Software
e.g. Snooper Troops, KidWriter
- Springboard Software
e.g. Early Games for Young Children,
Puzzle Master, Mask Parade
- Sunburst Communications
e.g. M-ss-ng L-nks, The Incredible
Laboratory
- Thunder Mountain
e.g. Pathwords, Quink
- Troll Associates
e.g. Dino Dig, Make A Face
- Unicorn Software
e.g. Magical Myths, Ten Little Robots
- Woodbury Software
e.g. PlayWriter (series)
Passport can also recognize and defeat
the copy protection used by some game
companies. In general there was more
variation and "one-off" protection in
games than in educational software, so
your mileage may vary.
- Accolade
e.g. Hardball, Law of the West
- Activision (patcher by TRex)
e.g. Hacker, Rampage
- Adventure International
e.g. Adventureland, Strange Odyssey
- Atari
e.g. Defender, Gremlins
- Baudville
e.g. Blazing Paddles, Take 1
- Border
e.g. Arena, Early Bird
- Broderbund
e.g. Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego,
Choplifter
- Coastal
e.g. The Chalice of Mostania
- Dakin-5
e.g. MIRV, Rings of Saturn
- Datasoft
e.g. Canyon Climber, Fathoms 40
- Data East
e.g. Ikari Warriors, Batman
- Earthware
e.g. Black Belt, Zoo Master
- Electronic Arts (patcher by qkumba)
e.g. The Bard's Tale, Skyfox
- Epyx
e.g. Summer Games, Deathsword
- Gebelli
e.g. Horizon V, Russki Duck
- HAL Labs
e.g. Sheila, Super Taxman II
- Infocom
e.g. Planetfall, Zork I/II/III
- Interplay
e.g. Borrowed Time, Tracer Sanction
- Leisure Genius
e.g. Clue Master Detective, RISK
- MicroFun
e.g. Crown of Arthain, Miner 2049er
- Origin Systems
e.g. Ultima V, Times of Lore
- Penguin Software
e.g. Xyphus, Thunder Bombs
- Phoenix Software
e.g. Sherwood Forest, Masquerade
- Polarware
e.g. Oo-topos, The Crimson Crown
- Professional Software
e.g. Trivia Fever
- Softape
e.g. Photar
- Sierra On-Line (patcher by qkumba)
e.g. BC's Quest for Tires, Sammy
Lightfoot
- Strategic Simulations
e.g. The Eternal Dagger, The Shard of
Spring, Roadwar Europa, Warship
- Trillium
e.g. Rendezvous with Rama, Fahrenheit
451
- TSR
e.g. Dawn Patrol, Dungeon
- Voyager Software
e.g. Starship Commander
## License
Passport is open source and is
distributed under the MIT license.
Passport
Copyright (c) 2016-2023 by 4am
Permission is hereby granted, free of
charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated
documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without
restriction, including without
limitation the rights to use, copy,
modify, merge, publish, distribute,
sublicense, and/or sell copies of the
Software, and to permit persons to whom
the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this
permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of
the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS",
WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
IN THE SOFTWARE.
## History
Unreleased
- NEW: patchers/t00_jmp600.a
(fixes Wizard of Words, Alphabet Zoo,
Broadsides)
- NEW: patchers/e7everywhere.encrypted.a
(fixes Language Carnival 1 & 2)
- IMPROVED: patchers/t00_earthware.a
(fixes Black Belt rev. 2)
- IMPROVED: patchers/d5d5f7.a
(fixes Picture Perfect 1987)
- IMPROVED: patchers/t00_rps.a
(fixes Evelyn Dynamic Reader)
- IMPROVED: patchers/advint.a
(fixes War, Questprobe/Spider-Man)
2023-07-28
- NEW: patchers/didatech.a (fixes
Crosscountry USA, Crosscountry
Canada, Crosscountry California)
- NEW: patchers/microlearn.a (fixes
US Constitution Tutor, SAT English 1)
- NEW: patchers/probs5.a (fixes
Decimals Analyzer, Whole Numbers
Analyzer)
- NEW: patchers/t00_neosoft.a (fixes
Comparison Kitchen, Animal Photo Fun)
- NEW: patchers/t00_scottforesman.a
(fixes Addition and Subtraction 4,
Decimals 3, Dinosaurs and Squids)
- NEW: patchers/t00_scottforesman_
dos33.a (fixes Addition and
Subtraction 3, Decimals 2)
- NEW: unexpected 5&3 track detection
(fixes Real Math, Mathosaurus)
- IMPROVED: patchers/d5d5f7.a (fixes
Les Sports)
- IMPROVED: patchers/gamco.a (fixes
Percent)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sierra.a (fixes
secondary anti-tamper check in
The General Manager)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sigcheck.a (fixes
Water Pollution)
- IMPROVED: patchers/t00_rwtslog.a
(ATILA variant of LSR $6A detection
fixes The Treasure of Forest Isle,
TAY/BIT detection fixes Rapid
Reader and E-Z Learner)
- Matching updates to the
[Passport test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2022-07-12
- NEW: patchers/mak.a (fixes "Kittens,
Kids, and a Frog")
- NEW: patchers/t00_baudville.a (fixes
Blazing Paddles, Take 1)
- NEW: patchers/t00_sigcheck.a (fixes
Hardball, Law of the West)
- NEW: patchers/pfs.pascal.a (fixes
pfs:* Pascal titles)
- NEW: patchers/pfs.prodos.a (fixes
pfs:* ProDOS titles)
- NEW: patchers/enlightenment.a (fixes
Paul Whitehead Teaches Chess)
- IMPROVED: id/555.a (fixes Fax,
Funbunch College Prep)
- IMPROVED: patchers/ea.a (fixes
Boulder Dash II) (by qkumba)
- IMPROVED: patchers/holle.a (fixes
Sherwood Forest)
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpbb03.a (fixes
Pacific 231)
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpb400.a (fixes
Rebus Writer, Writer's Helper)
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpb4bb.a (fixes
Half Time)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sierra.a (fixes
Ultima II)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sigcheck.a (fixes
Inca, Holy Grail)
- IMPROVED: RW18 sector verification
(fixes Toy Shop)
- Detect extra wide tracks anywhere,
not just on track 6
- Matching updates to the
[Passport test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2021-09-04
- IMPROVED: patchers/universale7.a
cracks now work on //c and IIgs
(fixes Commando, Animate, &c.)
- IMPROVED: patchers/ea.a (fixes
Mind Mirror) (by qkumba)
- Autonumbered .DSK files now go to 11
- Matching updates to the
[Passport test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2021-07-12
- Target can be a hard disk, which will
save an autonumbered .DSK file in
PASSPORT subdirectory (by qkumba)
- If the log scrolls off the screen,
you can scroll back with arrows
(by qkumba)
- NEW: patchers/555.a (Agent USA,
Jumpman, many Softsmith) (by qkumba)
- NEW: patchers/earthware.a (Black
Belt, Zoo Master)
- NEW: patchers/tsr.a (Dawn Patrol,
Dungeon, Theseus and the Minotaur)
- NEW: patchers/datasoft2.a (Canyon
Climber, Fathom's 40)
- NEW: patchers/jmpb500.a (Starship
Commander)
- NEW: patchers/woodbury.a (PlayWriter)
- NEW: patchers/meccdqc.a (MECC
DataQuest Composer)
- NEW: patchers/b4bbbasic.a (SocMate
Analogies Games)
- NEW: patchers/jsrb6cc.a (Kidwriter)
- NEW: patchers/mastery.a (Mastery
Arithmetic Games)
- NEW: patchers/leisure.a (Clue, RISK)
- NEW: patchers/errord51.a (Granny
Applebee's Cookie Factory, Uncle
Clyde's Consonant Slides)
- NEW: patchers/sigcheck.a (Advanced
Electricity, Complex Circuits)
- IMPROVED: patchers/mecc.a to erase
site license information from final
generation of MECC disks (by qkumba)
- IMPROVED: patchers/rwtsswapmecc.a
(fixes Zoyon Patrol, Word Wizards)
- IMPROVED: patchers/prodosmecc.a
(fixes Miner's Cave)
- IMPROVED: patchers/rwtslog.a (fixes
La Guillotine, GATO v1.3)
- IMPROVED: patchers/ssi.a (fixes
Sixgun Shootout)
- IMPROVED: id/d5d5f7.a (fixes Trivia
Fever)
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpbbfe.a (fixes
The Desecration, Depreciation Log)
- "BB00 protection" renamed to its
marketing name "Lock-It-Up"
- Serial numbers will be erased while
cracking Lock-It-Up disks, if present
- Update Passport disk to ProDOS 2.4.2
- Matching updates to the
[Passport test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2020-07-20
- NEW: patchers/harvey.a (Buzz Bang
Harvey, Harvey by Primes)
- NEW: patchers/jmp2012.a (BackAid)
- NEW: patchers/pdi.a (Leadsheeter,
Polywriter)
- NEW: patchers/rps.a (Pac-Man Thunder
Mountain release, Problem Solving
in Algebra)
- IMPROVED: patchers/ssprot.a (fixes
Metric System Tutor)
- IMPROVED: patchers/bb03.a (fixes
Spanish for Mastery)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sierra.a (fixes
Mission Asteroid)
- IMPROVED: patchers/ea.a (fixes
One on One)
- Passport will now quit gracefully if
you manage to launch it with less
than 64K
- Matching updates to the
[Passport test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2019-06-16
- NEW: verify pure 13-sector disks
(by qkumba)
- NEW: verify Infocom 18-sector disks
(by qkumba)
- NEW: patchers/artsci.a (AceCalc,
Magicalc, Photar)
- NEW: patchers/choplifter.a (Russki
Duck, Choplifter) (by qkumba)
- NEW: patchers/dakin5.a (Neutrons,
MIRV, Rings of Saturn)
- NEW: patchers/e7everywhere.a (Curious
George series, Garfield Trivia Game)
- NEW: patchers/hallabs.a (Sheila,
Super Taxman II)
- NEW: patchers/hoffman.a (Good
Thinking! series)
- NEW: patchers/holle.a (Crime Wave,
Sherwood Forest)
- NEW: patchers/muserwts.a (Caverns of
Freitag, The Function Game)
- NEW: patchers/springboard.a (The
Newsroom, The Chalice of Mostania)
- NEW: patchers/zoomgrafix.a (Zoom
Grafix - all versions)
- IMPROVED: id/trace33p.a (fixes Kaves
of Karkhan)
- IMPROVED: patchers/diskvol.a (fixes
Diet Analysis Program)
- [test suite](https://github.com/a2-4am/passport-test-suite)
2018-10-14
- NEW: 13-sector MUSE support
- NEW: 13-sector Sierra support (by
qkumba)
- NEW: 13-sector RDOS support (SSI) (by
qkumba)
- NEW: PanglosDOS (per-file encryption)
(by qkumba)
- NEW: Dinkey-DOS support (Ultima V)
- NEW: Interplay support (The Tracer
Sanction, Borrowed Time)
- NEW: Davidson & Associates support
(Math Blaster Plus)
- NEW: Penguin RWTS (Xyphus)
- NEW: MicroFun RWTS (Crown of Arthain)
- NEW: Swordthrust RWTS
- NEW: patchers/f7f6.a (Might & Magic)
- NEW: patchers/trillium (Rendezvous
with Rama, Fahrenheit 451)
- NEW: patchers/fbffencrypted.a
(Clue, RISK, ESL Writer)
- NEW: patchers/fbffpascal.a
(Widespread, The Typewriter)
- NEW: patchers/polarware.a
(Oo-topos, The Crimson Crown)
- NEW: patchers/microfun.a (The Heist,
Station 5, Miner 2049er)
- NEW: print volume name on ProDOS,
Pascal, and DOS 3.3 + variants
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpb4bb.a
(fixes Rubik's Cube Unlocked)
- IMPROVED: id/advint.a
(fixes The Curse of Crowley Manor)
- IMPROVED: detection of unformatted
tracks (fixes Thunder Bombs)
- IMPROVED: Micrograms detection
(fixes Shapes and Patterns)
- IMPROVED: patchers/bbf9.a
(fixes Magic Slate II 20-column)
- IMPROVED: patchers/memory.config.a
(fixes Where Did My Toothbrush Go)
- IMPROVED: patchers/c9ff.a
(fixes Swiss Family Robinson)
- IMPROVED: patchers/bb03.a
(fixes Alice in Wonderland)
- IMPROVED: patchers/optimum.a
(fixes Fat City)
- IMPROVED: logging track and sector
when switching to built-in RWTS
2017-11-14
- Supports ProDOS RAM disks to read an
entire disk at once (IIgs RAM disk,
RAMFactor, RAMWorks, modern clones)
- NEW: DOS 3.2 support (MUSE, Edu-Ware,
Hartley, Krell, Hayden, DLM)
- NEW: patchers/advint.a, an encrypted
nibble check (Scott Adams adventures)
- NEW: patchers/bbf9.a, a desync
bitstream (late Sunburst disks)
- NEW: patchers/jmpb400.a, a self-
decrypting nibble check in late boot
(Mindscape, DLM, Thunder Mountain)
- NEW: patchers/memory.config.a, ProDOS
startup program with nibble check
(DC Heath, Marshware)
- NEW: patchers/pascalrwts.a
(Learning Multi-Systems)
- NEW: patchers/sra.a (SRA)
- NEW: patchers/rwtslog.a, refactored
and expanded log of RWTS variants
- NEW: id/micrograms.a (Micrograms)
- NEW: id/rdos.a (SSI)
- NEW: support for early Infocom disks
- IMPROVED: patchers/a6bc95.a
(fixes Friendly Filer)
- IMPROVED: patchers/jmpbeb1.a
(fixes Spelling Rules)
- IMPROVED: patchers/sierra.a
(fixes Winnie The Pooh)
- IMPROVED: id/laureate.a
(fixes Sound Ideas)
2017-05-14
- NEW: patcher for Activision (by TRex)
- NEW: patcher for Electronic Arts (by
qkumba)
- NEW: patcher for Sierra On-Line (by
qkumba, replaces old patcher)
- NEW: patcher for Optimum Resource (by
qkumba, replaces old patcher)
- NEW: patcher for Gamco Software
- NEW: patcher for Border Software
- NEW: patcher for Blue Chip Software
- NEW: patcher for Houghton-Mifflin
- NEW: patcher for Milliken Publishing
- NEW: patcher for Methods & Solutions
- NEW: patcher for Laureate Learning
- NEW: detection of LSR $6A ProDOS RWTS
- NEW: identification of Pronto-DOS,
Diversi-DOS, David DOS, and Quick-DOS
- IMPROVED: patcher for MECC
(fixes Word Munchers v1.1)
- IMPROVED: patcher for Scholastic
(fixes Bank Street Writer II)
- IMPROVED: patcher for Grolier
(fixes Countries of the World)
- migrated build to ACME assembler and
source code to GitHub (by qkumba)
2016-12-30
- add support for DOS 3.3P
e.g. Ernie's Quiz, Instant Zoo
- improve support for disks created
with MECC Database
- faster detection of 4-and-4 encoding
and 5-and-3 encoding (neither is
supported)
- various speed improvements
2016-09-02
- add support for Protected.DOS
e.g. Moebius, Math Blaster
- add support for "JMP $B660" RWTS
e.g. Verb Viper, Master Match
- add support for Datasoft encrypted
bootloader
e.g. Tomahawk, Video Title Shop
- fix bug in boot sector detection that
erroneously claimed some disks were
unreadable
- add informational messages about some
RWTS variants (LSR $6A, BCS $08)
- refactor code in /id/ directory
2016-07-12
- initial release