examples: add ==0 or !=0 to expressions that depend on implicit conversion from byte to bool

docs/source/libraries.rst

@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ Provides string manipulation routines.
 ``endswith (string, suffix) -> bool``
     Returns true if string ends with suffix, otherwise false
 
-``pattern_match (string, pattern) -> ubyte`` (not on Virtual target)
+``pattern_match (string, pattern) -> bool`` (not on Virtual target)
-    Returns 1 (true) if the string matches the pattern, 0 (false) if not.
+    Returns true if the string matches the pattern, false if not.
     '?' in the pattern matches any one character. '*' in the pattern matches any substring.
 
 ``hash (string) -> ubyte``

docs/source/todo.rst

@@ -1,106 +1,57 @@
 TODO
 ====
 
-larger programs:
+ConstantFoldingOptimizer (after merging master):
-dirlist
+   after(numLiteral..) :  check that cast to/from BOOL is not done??
-bobs
-cobramk3-gfx
-automatons
-mandelbrot (quite a bit larger)
-mandelbrot-gfx
-maze
-textelite
-rockrunner is quite a bit larger
 
 
-optimize optimizedPlusMinExpr for when comparing to simple things like number and identifier.
-
-replace Takes by Http4k in httpCompilerService project.  https://github.com/http4k/examples/blob/master/hello-world/README.md
-
-...
 
 
-Future Things and Ideas
+===== ====== =======
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+VM    6502   what
-Compiler:
+===== ====== =======
-
+ok    ok     boolean const
-- IR: add TEST instruction to test memory content and set N/Z flags, without affecting any register. Replace all LOADM+CMPI #0  / LOAD #0+LOADM+CMP+BRANCH   by this instruction
+ok    ok     boolean variables value
-- can we support signed % (remainder) somehow?
+ok    ok     static bool var (block scope) with initializer value (staticVariable2asm)
-- instead of copy-pasting inline asmsubs, make them into a 64tass macro and use that instead.
+ok    ok     boolean arrays value, list and single value
-  that will allow them to be reused from custom user written assembly code as well.
+ok    ok     type error for bool[3] derp = 99    and also for init value [1,0,1] and also for [true, false, 1, 0, 222]
-- Multidimensional arrays and chained indexing, purely as syntactic sugar over regular arrays.
+ok    ok     return boolean value from sub
-- make a form of "manual generics" possible like: varsub routine(T arg)->T  where T is expanded to a specific type
+ok    .      make sure that and,or,xor,not aren't getting replaced by the bitwise versions
-  (this is already done hardcoded for several of the builtin functions)
+ok    .      and, or, xor, not work in expressions: print_ub((bb and true) as ubyte)
-
+ok    .      logical not works, also inplace
-- [much work:] more support for (64tass) SEGMENTS ?
+ok    .      logical xor works, also inplace
-    - (What, how, isn't current BSS support enough?)
+-     .      efficient code for manipulating bools in an array (normal and agumented assigns)
-    - Add a mechanism to allocate variables into golden ram (or segments really) (see GoldenRam class)
+ok    ok     bitwise logical ops on bools give type error, including invert
-    - maybe treat block "golden" in a special way: can only contain vars, every var will be allocated in the Golden ram area?
+ok    ok     arithmetic ops on bools give type error
-    - maybe or may not needed: the variables can NOT have initialization values, they will all be set to zero on startup (simple memset)
+ok    ok     boolean values in ubyte array should give type error
-      just initialize them yourself in start() if you need a non-zero value .
+ok    ok     while booleanvar==42    should give type error
-    - OR.... do all this automatically if 'golden' is enabled as a compiler option? So compiler allocates in ZP first, then Golden Ram, then regular ram
+ok    ok     do..until booleanvar==42    should give type error
-    - OR.... make all this more generic and use some %segment option to create real segments for 64tass?
+ok    ok     while not <integervar>   should give type error
-    - (need separate step in codegen and IR to write the "golden" variables)
+ok    .      while boolean  should produce identical code as  while integer!=0
-
+ok    .      while not guessed  -> can we get rid of the cmp?
-- do we need (array)variable alignment tag instead of block alignment tag? You want to align the data, not the code in the block?
+ok    .      if someint==0 / ==1  should stil produce good asm same as what it used to be with if not someint/if someint
-- VM: implement diskio support (let's start with the basics load, save, delete, rename, status?. no streaming, no directory listing)
+ok    .      if not X -> test all variations with and without else
-- ir: related to the one above: block alignment doesn't translate well to variables in the block (the actual stuff that needs to be aligned in memory)  but: need variable alignment tag instead of block alignment tag, really
+yes   .      is this De Morgan's optimization still useful in this branch? :   not a1 or not a2 -> not(a1 and a2)  likewise for and.
-- ir: proper code gen for the CALLI instruction and that it (optionally) returns a word value that needs to be assigned to a reg
+yes   .      is it beneficial to somehow have DeMorgan's law also work on integer types   if b1==0 and b2==0 -> if (b1 & b2)==0
-- ir: idea: (but LLVM IR simply keeps the variables, so not a good idea then?...): replace all scalar variables by an allocated register. Keep a table of the variable to register mapping (including the datatype)
+ok    .      check program sizes vs. master branch
-  global initialization values are simply a list of LOAD instructions.
+===== ====== =======
-  Variables replaced include all subroutine parameters!  So the only variables that remain as variables are arrays and strings.
-- ir: fix call() return value handling
-- ir: add more optimizations in IRPeepholeOptimizer
-- ir: the @split arrays are currently also split in _lsb/_msb arrays in the IR, and operations take multiple (byte) instructions that may lead to verbose and slow operation and machine code generation down the line.
-  maybe another representation is needed once actual codegeneration is done from the IR...?
-- ir: getting it in shape for code generation...
-- [problematic due to using 64tass:] better support for building library programs, where unused .proc are NOT deleted from the assembly.
-  Perhaps replace all uses of .proc/.pend/.endproc by .block/.bend will fix that with a compiler flag?
-  But all library code written in asm uses .proc already..... (textual search/replace when writing the actual asm?)
-  Once new codegen is written that is based on the IR, this point is mostly moot anyway as that will have its own dead code removal on the IR level.
-- Zig-like try-based error handling where the V flag could indicate error condition? and/or BRK to jump into monitor on failure? (has to set BRK vector for that) But the V flag is also set on certain normal instructions
-- generate WASM to eventually run prog8 on a browser canvas? Use binaryen toolkit and/or my binaryen kotlin library?
-- split words arrays all()
-- split words arrays sort()
 
 
-Libraries:
+check that the flood fill routine in gfx2 and paint still works.
-
+re-allow typecast of const true/false back to ubytes 1 and 0.
-- monogfx: add EOR mode support next to Stipple. See PAINT for inspiration.  Can this also be added to gfx2?  Self modifying code to keep it optimized?
+re-allow typecast of const ubyte 0/1 to false/true boolean.
-- conv: the routines could return the address of conv.string_out, and/or there could be versions that take the address of a different buffer and use it instead.
-- once kernal rom v47 is released, remove most of the workarounds in cx16 floats.parse_f()  .   Prototype parse routine in examples/cx16/floatparse.p8
-- fix the problems in atari target, and flesh out its libraries.
-- c128 target: make syslib more complete (missing kernal routines)?
-- pet32 target: make syslib more complete (missing kernal routines)?
 
 
-Optimizations:
+boolean trick to go from a compare >= value, to a bool
+    cmp #value
+	rol  a
+	and  #1
 
-- VariableAllocator: can we think of a smarter strategy for allocating variables into zeropage, rather than first-come-first-served?
+maze 6502:
-  for instance, vars used inside loops first, then loopvars, then uwords used as pointers, then the rest
+  if cell & UP!=0 and @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0
-- various optimizers skip stuff if compTarget.name==VMTarget.NAME.  Once 6502-codegen is done from IR code,
+              ^^ adding this !=0 caused a weird beq + / lda #1 / +  to appear in front of the shortcircuit beq...
-  those checks should probably be removed, or be made permanent
-- optimizeCommonSubExpressions: currently only looks in expressions on a single line, could search across multiple expressions
 
 
-STRUCTS again?
+IR: add TEST instruction to test memory content and set N/Z flags, without affecting any register.
---------------
+    replace all LOADM+CMPI #0  / LOAD #0+LOADM+CMP+BRANCH   by this instruction
-
-What if we were to re-introduce Structs in prog8? Some thoughts:
-
-- can contain only numeric types (byte,word,float) - no nested structs, no reference types (strings, arrays) inside structs
-- only as a reference type (uword pointer). This removes a lot of the problems related to introducing a variable length value type.
-- arrays of struct is just an array of uword pointers. Can even be @split?
-- need to introduce typed pointer datatype in prog8
-- str is then syntactic sugar for pointer to character/byte?
-- arrays are then syntactic sugar for pointer to byte/word/float?
-
-
-Other language/syntax features to think about
----------------------------------------------
-
-- support for assigning multiple return values from romsub/asmsub to multiple variables.
-- add (rom/ram)bank support to romsub.   A call will then automatically switch banks, use callfar and something else when in banked ram.
-  challenges: how to not make this too X16 specific? How does the compiler know what bank to switch (ram/rom)?
-  How to make it performant when we want to (i.e. NOT have it use callfar/auto bank switching) ?
 

examples/animals.p8

@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ main {
             while not guessed {
                 txt.print(questions[current_question])
                 txt.print("? ")
-                if txt.input_chars(userinput) {
+                if txt.input_chars(userinput)!=0 {
                     txt.nl()
                     ubyte animal_number
                     if userinput[0]=='y' {
                         animal_number = msb(answers_animals[current_question])
-                        if animal_number {
+                        if animal_number!=0 {
                             guess(current_question, true, animal_number)
                             guessed = true
                         } else {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ main {
                     }
                     else if userinput[0]=='n' {
                         animal_number = lsb(answers_animals[current_question])
-                        if animal_number {
+                        if animal_number!=0 {
                             guess(current_question, false, animal_number)
                             guessed = true
                         } else {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ main {
         }
     }
 
-    sub guess(ubyte question_number, ubyte given_answer_yesno, ubyte animal_number) {
+    sub guess(ubyte question_number, bool given_answer_yesno, ubyte animal_number) {
         txt.print("is it a ")
         txt.print(animals[animal_number])
         txt.print("? ")

examples/atari/fibonacci.p8

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ main {
             txt.nl()
         }
 
-        txt.waitkey()
+        void txt.waitkey()
     }
 
     uword fib_prev = 0

examples/c64/balloonflight.p8

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 main {
 
-    ubyte perform_scroll = false
+    bool perform_scroll = false
 
     sub start() {
         c64.set_sprite_ptr(0, $0f00)           ; alternatively, set directly:  c64.SPRPTR[0] = $0f00 / 64
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ main {
             txt.scroll_left(true)
 
             ; float the balloon
-            if math.rnd() & %10000
+            if math.rnd() & %10000 !=0
                 c64.SPXY[1] ++
             else
                 c64.SPXY[1] --

examples/c64/starfield.p8

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ main {
         @(starfieldPtr3) = 0
         @(starfieldPtr4) = 0
 
-        if rasterCount & 1 {
+        if rasterCount & 1 !=0 {
             starfieldPtr1++
             if starfieldPtr1==star1Limit
                 starfieldPtr1=star1Reset

examples/c64/tehtriz.p8

@@ -208,14 +208,14 @@ waitkey:
                     txt.setcc(x, linepos, sc:'▒', 1)
             }
         }
-        if num_lines {
+        if num_lines!=0 {
             if num_lines>3
                 sound.lineclear_big()
             else
                 sound.lineclear()
             sys.wait(20)    ; slight delay to flash the line
             for linepos in complete_lines
-                if linepos and blocklogic.isLineFull(linepos)
+                if linepos!=0 and blocklogic.isLineFull(linepos)
                     blocklogic.collapse(linepos)
             lines += num_lines
             uword[] scores = [10, 25, 50, 100]      ; can never clear more than 4 lines at once
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ waitkey:
         ubyte @zp i
         for i in 15 downto 0 {
             ubyte @zp c=blocklogic.currentBlock[i]
-            if c
+            if c!=0
                 txt.setcc((i&3)+x, (i/4)+y, character, c)
         }
     }
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ blocklogic {
     sub noCollision(ubyte xpos, ubyte ypos) -> bool {
         ubyte @zp i
         for i in 15 downto 0 {
-            if currentBlock[i] and txt.getchr(xpos + (i&3), ypos+i/4)!=32
+            if currentBlock[i]!=0 and txt.getchr(xpos + (i&3), ypos+i/4)!=32
                 return false
         }
         return true

examples/c64/turtle-gfx.p8

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ turtle {
     sub update_turtle_sprite() {
         uword xx = xpos as uword
         c64.SPXY[0] = lsb(xx) + 12
-        c64.MSIGX = msb(xx) > 0
+        c64.MSIGX = msb(xx)!=0 as ubyte
         c64.SPXY[1] = ypos as ubyte + 40
     }
 

examples/c64/wizzine.p8

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ irq {
             ubyte @zp y = math.sin8u(angle2-spri*16) / 2 + 70
             c64.SPXYW[spri] = mkword(y, lsb(x))
             c64.MSIGX <<= 1
-            if msb(x) c64.MSIGX++
+            if msb(x)!=0 c64.MSIGX++
         }
         c64.EXTCOL-=8
         return true

examples/cx16/bobs.p8

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ main {
     }
 
     sub blit(ubyte vmembase) {
-        ubyte bank = vmembase>=32
+        ubyte bank = vmembase>=32 as ubyte
         uword vmem = vmembase * 2048        ; mkword(vmembase,0) * 8
         uword blit_x = (math.cos8u(msb(anim1)) as uword) + math.sin8u(msb(anim2))/6
         ubyte blit_y = math.sin8u(msb(anim3))/2  + math.cos8u(msb(anim4))/5
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ main {
 
     sub draw_number(ubyte vmembase, uword number) {
         uword vmem = vmembase * 2048        ; mkword(vmembase,0) * 8
-        ubyte bank = vmembase>=32
+        ubyte bank = vmembase>=32 as ubyte
         vmem += 35
         conv.str_uw0(number)
         uword pixelsptr = &numberpixels + (conv.string_out[1] & 15)*7

examples/cx16/chunkedfile/mcf.p8

@@ -151,14 +151,14 @@ processchunk_call           jsr  $ffff      ; modified
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_L = lsb(address)
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_M = msb(address)
         cx16.VERA_ADDR_H = bank | %00010000     ; enable vera auto increment
-        while size {
+        while size!=0 {
             size -= readblock(size, &cx16.VERA_DATA0, true)
         }
     }
 
     sub blockload_dummy(uword size) {
         ubyte buffer
-        while size {
+        while size!=0 {
             size -= readblock(size, &buffer, true)
         }
     }
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ processchunk_call           jsr  $ffff      ; modified
         ubyte orig_ram_bank = cx16.getrambank()
         cx16.rambank(bank)
         cx16.r3 = address
-        while size {
+        while size!=0 {
             cx16.r2 = readblock(size, cx16.r3, false)
             size -= cx16.r2
             cx16.r3 += cx16.r2
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ processchunk_call           jsr  $ffff      ; modified
     sub blockload_bonkram(uword size, ubyte bonk, uword address) {
         ubyte orig_rom_bank = cx16.getrombank()
         cx16.r3 = address
-        while size {
+        while size!=0 {
             ubyte readsize = 255
             if msb(size)==0
                 readsize = lsb(size)
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ processchunk_call           jsr  $ffff      ; modified
     sub readblock(uword size, uword address, bool dontAdvance) -> uword {
         if msb(size)>=2
             return cx16.MACPTR(0, address, dontAdvance)         ; read 512 bytes
-        if msb(size)
+        if msb(size)!=0
             return cx16.MACPTR(255, address, dontAdvance)       ; read 255 bytes
         return cx16.MACPTR(lsb(size), address, dontAdvance)     ; read remaining number of bytes
     }

examples/cx16/cobramk3-gfx.p8

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ main {
     sub draw_lines_hiddenremoval() {
         ; complex drawing routine that draws the ship model based on its faces,
         ; where it uses the surface normals to determine visibility.
-        sys.memset(edgestodraw, shipdata.totalNumberOfEdges, true)
+        sys.memset(edgestodraw, shipdata.totalNumberOfEdges, 1)
         ubyte @zp edgeIdx = 0
         ubyte @zp pointIdx = 0
         ubyte faceNumber
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ main {
         }
     }
 
-    ubyte[shipdata.totalNumberOfEdges] edgestodraw
+    bool[shipdata.totalNumberOfEdges] edgestodraw
 
     sub draw_edge(ubyte edgeidx) {
         edgestodraw[edgeidx] = false

examples/cx16/colorbars.p8

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ irq {
             if shift_counter == 32+32+32 {
                 make_new_gradient()
                 shift_counter = 0
-            } else if shift_counter & 1 {
+            } else if shift_counter & 1 !=0 {
                 shift_gradient()
             }
         } else if next_irq_line & 15 == 0  {

examples/cx16/diskspeed.p8

@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@ main {
     sub start() {
         txt.print("\n\ndisk benchmark on drive 8.\n\n")
 
-        uword batchtotaltime
-
         txt.print("writing 64kb using save()")
         cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
         ; save 2 times 32Kb to make it 64Kb total
@@ -46,13 +44,13 @@ main {
         txt.print("\nreading 64kb using load() into hiram")
         cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
         cx16.rambank(4)
-        if not diskio.load("benchmark.dat", $a000)
+        if diskio.load("benchmark.dat", $a000)==0
             sys.exit(1)
         print_speed(cbm.RDTIM16())
 
         txt.print("\nreading 64kb using vload() into vram")
         cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
-        if not diskio.vload("benchmark.dat", 0, $0000)
+        if diskio.vload("benchmark.dat", 0, $0000)==0
             sys.exit(1)
         print_speed(cbm.RDTIM16())
 
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ main {
         if diskio.f_open("benchmark.dat") {
             cbm.SETTIM(0,0,0)
             repeat 65536/255 {
-                if not diskio.f_read(buffer, 255)
+                if diskio.f_read(buffer, 255)==0
                     sys.exit(1)
             }
             diskio.f_close()

examples/cx16/floatparse.p8

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ main {
         }
 
 done:
-        if exponent
+        if exponent!=0
             result *= floats.pow(10, exponent)
 
         if negative

examples/cx16/highresbitmap.p8

@@ -24,60 +24,60 @@ main {
         yy = 20
         xx = 20
         monogfx.stipple(false)
-        monogfx.rect(xx, yy, 250, 80, 1)
+        monogfx.rect(xx, yy, 250, 80, true)
         monogfx.stipple(true)
-        monogfx.fillrect(xx+2, yy+2, 250-4, 80-4, 1)
+        monogfx.fillrect(xx+2, yy+2, 250-4, 80-4, true)
         monogfx.stipple(false)
-        monogfx.fillrect(xx+20, yy+20, 200, 30, 1)
+        monogfx.fillrect(xx+20, yy+20, 200, 30, true)
-        monogfx.rect(xx+21, yy+21, 200-2, 30-2, 0)
+        monogfx.rect(xx+21, yy+21, 200-2, 30-2, false)
 
-        monogfx.text(xx+30, yy+32, 0, sc:"High Res Bitmap Example")
+        monogfx.text(xx+30, yy+32, false, sc:"High Res Bitmap Example")
 
         ; monogfx.stipple(true)
-        monogfx.horizontal_line(10, 240, 620, 1)
+        monogfx.horizontal_line(10, 240, 620, true)
-        monogfx.vertical_line(320, 10, 460, 1)
+        monogfx.vertical_line(320, 10, 460, true)
-        monogfx.text(320, 242, 1, sc:"0,0")
+        monogfx.text(320, 242, true, sc:"0,0")
-        monogfx.text(322, 10, 1, sc:"Y-axis")
+        monogfx.text(322, 10, true, sc:"Y-axis")
-        monogfx.text(590, 242, 1, sc:"X-axis")
+        monogfx.text(590, 242, true, sc:"X-axis")
         for ww in -10 to 10 {
             xx = (ww*30) + 320 as uword
-            monogfx.vertical_line(xx, 239, 3, 1)
+            monogfx.vertical_line(xx, 239, 3, true)
         }
         for ww in -7 to 7 {
             yy = (ww*30) + 240 as uword
-            monogfx.horizontal_line(319, yy, 3, 1)
+            monogfx.horizontal_line(319, yy, 3, true)
         }
 
         monogfx.stipple(false)
         float y_f
         for ww in -600 to 600 {
             y_f = floats.sin(ww as float / 60.0)*150
-            monogfx.plot(ww/2 + 320 as uword, (y_f + 240) as uword, 1)
+            monogfx.plot(ww/2 + 320 as uword, (y_f + 240) as uword, true)
         }
-        monogfx.text(480, 100, 1, sc:"sin(x)")
+        monogfx.text(480, 100, true, sc:"sin(x)")
 
         for ww in -300 to 300 {
             y_f = floats.cos(ww as float/30.0)*60 - (ww as float)/1.7
-            monogfx.plot(ww + 320 as uword, (y_f + 240) as uword, 1)
+            monogfx.plot(ww + 320 as uword, (y_f + 240) as uword, true)
         }
-        monogfx.text(80, 420, 1, sc:"cos(x)+x")
+        monogfx.text(80, 420, true, sc:"cos(x)+x")
 
         sys.wait(3*60)
 
-        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 220, 1)
+        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 220, true)
-        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 210, 1)
+        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 210, true)
-        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 200, 1)
+        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 200, true)
-        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 190, 1)
+        monogfx.circle(320, 240, 190, true)
         monogfx.stipple(true)
-        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 140, 1)
+        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 140, true)
         monogfx.stipple(false)
-        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 90, 1)
+        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 90, true)
-        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 40, 0)
+        monogfx.disc(320, 240, 40, false)
 
         sys.wait(2*60)
 
         repeat 255
-            monogfx.line(math.rndw() % 640, math.rndw() % 480, math.rndw() % 640, math.rndw() % 480, 1)
+            monogfx.line(math.rndw() % 640, math.rndw() % 480, math.rndw() % 640, math.rndw() % 480, true)
 
         sys.wait(1*60)
     }

examples/cx16/keyboardhandler.p8

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ main {
         ;       loop figure out what to do with it, rather than putting it all in the handler routine
         txt.print_ubhex(keynum, true)
         txt.spc()
-        if keynum & $80
+        if keynum & $80 !=0
             txt.chrout('u')
         else
             txt.chrout('d')

examples/cx16/pcmaudio/adpcm.p8

@@ -70,20 +70,20 @@ adpcm {
         ; Note that the generated assembly from this is pretty efficient,
         ; rewriting it by hand in asm seems to improve it only 5-10%
         cx16.r0s = 0                ; difference
-        if nibble & %0100
+        if nibble & %0100 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep
         pstep >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0010
+        if nibble & %0010 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep
         pstep >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0001
+        if nibble & %0001 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep
         pstep >>= 1
         cx16.r0s += pstep
-        if nibble & %1000
+        if nibble & %1000 !=0
-            predict -= cx16.r0s
+            predict -= cx16.r0
         else
-            predict += cx16.r0s
+            predict += cx16.r0
 
         ; NOTE: the original C/Python code uses a 32 bits prediction value and clips it to a 16 bit word
         ;       but for speed reasons we only work with 16 bit words here all the time (with possible clipping error)
@@ -106,20 +106,20 @@ adpcm {
         ; Note that the generated assembly from this is pretty efficient,
         ; rewriting it by hand in asm seems to improve it only 5-10%
         cx16.r0s = 0                ; difference
-        if nibble & %0100
+        if nibble & %0100 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep_2
         pstep_2 >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0010
+        if nibble & %0010 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep_2
         pstep_2 >>= 1
-        if nibble & %0001
+        if nibble & %0001 !=0
             cx16.r0s += pstep_2
         pstep_2 >>= 1
         cx16.r0s += pstep_2
-        if nibble & %1000
+        if nibble & %1000 !=0
-            predict_2 -= cx16.r0s
+            predict_2 -= cx16.r0
         else
-            predict_2 += cx16.r0s
+            predict_2 += cx16.r0
 
         ; NOTE: the original C/Python code uses a 32 bits prediction value and clips it to a 16 bit word
         ;       but for speed reasons we only work with 16 bit words here all the time (with possible clipping error)

examples/cx16/pcmaudio/play-adpcm.p8

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ mono {
     }
 
     sub irq_handler() {
-        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 {
+        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 !=0 {
             ; AFLOW irq.
             ;; cx16.vpoke(1,$fa0c, $a0)    ; paint a screen color
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ stereo {
     }
 
     sub irq_handler() {
-        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 {
+        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 !=0 {
             ; AFLOW irq.
     	    ;; cx16.vpoke(1,$fa0c, $a0)    ; paint a screen color
 

examples/cx16/pcmaudio/stream-wav.p8

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ interrupts {
     }
 
     sub handler() {
-        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 {
+        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00001000 !=0 {
             ; Filling the fifo is the only way to clear the Aflow irq.
             ; So we do this here, otherwise the aflow irq will keep triggering.
             ; Note that filling the buffer with fresh audio samples is NOT done here,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ interrupts {
             cx16.restore_virtual_registers()
             aflow = true
         }
-        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00000001 {
+        if cx16.VERA_ISR & %00000001 !=0 {
             cx16.VERA_ISR = %00000001
             vsync = true
         }

examples/cx16/showbmx.p8

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ main {
 
         repeat {
             txt.print("\nenter bmx image filename: ")
-            if txt.input_chars(&filename) {
+            if txt.input_chars(&filename)!=0 {
 
                 if bmx.open(8, filename) {
                     txt.print("\nsize: ")
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ main {
 
                 cbm.CINT()  ; reset screen
 
-                if bmx.error_message {
+                if bmx.error_message!=0 {
                     txt.print("load error:\n")
                     txt.print(bmx.error_message)
                     txt.nl()

examples/cx16/snow.p8

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ main {
                     if snowx!=0 and snowx!=319 {        ; check to avoid x coordinate under/overflow
                         uword pilex1
                         uword pilex2
-                        if math.rnd() & 1 {
+                        if math.rnd() & 1 !=0 {
                             pilex1 = snowx-1
                             pilex2 = snowx+1
                         } else {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ main {
                     flakes1_yy[idx]++
                     when math.rnd() & 3 {
                         1 -> {
-                            if flakes1_xx[idx]
+                            if flakes1_xx[idx]!=0
                                 flakes1_xx[idx]--
                         }
                         2 -> {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ main {
                         flakes2_yy[idx]+=1
                         when math.rnd() & 3 {
                             1 -> {
-                                if flakes2_xx[idx]
+                                if flakes2_xx[idx]!=0
                                     flakes2_xx[idx]--
                             }
                             2 -> {

examples/cx16/sprites/dragons.p8

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ main {
             for sprite_num in 0 to NUM_DRAGONS*2-2 step 2 {
                 xpositions[sprite_num]++
                 xpositions[sprite_num+1]++
-                if sprite_num & 2 {
+                if sprite_num & 2 !=0 {
                     xpositions[sprite_num]++
                     xpositions[sprite_num+1]++
                 }

examples/cx16/tehtriz.p8

@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ waitkey:
                     txt.setcc2(x, linepos, 160, 1)
             }
         }
-        if num_lines {
+        if num_lines!=0 {
             if num_lines>3 {
                 sound.lineclear_big()
                 sys.wait(25) ; slight delay to flash the line
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ waitkey:
                 sys.wait(15) ; slight delay to flash the line
             }
             for linepos in complete_lines
-                if linepos and blocklogic.isLineFull(linepos)
+                if linepos!=0 and blocklogic.isLineFull(linepos)
                     blocklogic.collapse(linepos)
             lines += num_lines
             uword[] scores = [10, 25, 50, 100]      ; can never clear more than 4 lines at once
@@ -481,7 +481,7 @@ waitkey:
         ubyte @zp i
         for i in 15 downto 0 {
             ubyte @zp c=blocklogic.currentBlock[i]
-            if c {
+            if c!=0 {
                 if erase
                     c=0
                 else {
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ blocklogic {
     sub noCollision(ubyte xpos, ubyte ypos) -> bool {
         ubyte @zp i
         for i in 15 downto 0 {
-            if currentBlock[i] and txt.getchr(xpos + (i&3), ypos+i/4)!=32
+            if currentBlock[i]!=0 and txt.getchr(xpos + (i&3), ypos+i/4)!=32
                 return false
         }
         return true

examples/cx16/testmonogfx.p8

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ main {
 
         ubyte tp
         for tp in 0 to 15 {
-            monogfx.text(19+tp,20+tp*11, 7, sc:"ScreenCODE text! 1234![]<>#$%&*()")
+            monogfx.text(19+tp, 20+tp*11, true, sc:"ScreenCODE text! 1234![]<>#$%&*()")
         }
 
     }

examples/cx16/vtui/testvtui.p8

@@ -47,12 +47,12 @@ main {
 
     sub store_logo() {
         vtui.gotoxy(0, 0)
-        vtui.save_rect($80, 1, $0000, 7, 7)
+        vtui.save_rect($80, true, $0000, 7, 7)
     }
 
     sub store_where_logo_was() {
         vtui.gotoxy(0, 0)
-        vtui.save_rect($80, 1, $0100, 7, 7)
+        vtui.save_rect($80, true, $0100, 7, 7)
     }
 
     sub logo_mover() {
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ main {
 
 char_loop:
         ubyte char = cbm.GETIN()
-        if not char
+        if char==0
             goto char_loop
 
         when char {
             $91 -> {
-                if newy {
+                if newy!=0 {
                     newy--
                     move_logo()
                 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ char_loop:
                 }
             }
             $9d -> {
-                if newx {
+                if newx!=0 {
                     newx--
                     move_logo()
                 }
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ char_loop:
 
         sub move_logo() {
             vtui.gotoxy(xcoord, ycoord)
-            vtui.rest_rect($80, 1, $0100, 7, 7)
+            vtui.rest_rect($80, true, $0100, 7, 7)
             vtui.gotoxy(newx, newy)
-            vtui.save_rect($80, 1, $0100, 7, 7)
+            vtui.save_rect($80, true, $0100, 7, 7)
             vtui.gotoxy(newx, newy)
-            vtui.rest_rect($80, 1, $0000, 7, 7)
+            vtui.rest_rect($80, true, $0000, 7, 7)
             xcoord = newx
             ycoord = newy
         }

examples/cx16/zsound/play-zsound.p8

@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ zsound_lib:
 
         cbm.SETMSG(%10000000)       ; enable kernal status messages for load
         cx16.rambank(song_bank)
-        if not diskio.load_raw("colony.zsm", song_address) {
+        if diskio.load_raw("colony.zsm", song_address)==0 {
             txt.print("?can't load\n")
             return
         }
         cx16.rambank(digi_bank)
-        if not diskio.load_raw("terminator2.zcm", digi_address) {
+        if diskio.load_raw("terminator2.zcm", digi_address)==0 {
             txt.print("?can't load\n")
             return
         } else {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ zsound_lib:
         zsm_init()
         pcm_init()
         zsm_setcallback(&end_of_song_cb)
-        if zsm_start(song_bank, song_address)==0 {
+        if zsm_start(song_bank, song_address)==false {
             txt.print("\nmusic speed: ")
             txt.print_uw(zsm_get_music_speed())
             txt.print(" hz\nplaying song! hit enter to also play a digi sample!\n")

examples/cx16/zsound/stream-test-zcm.p8

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ zsound_lib:
     const ubyte zcm_DIGITAB_size = 8        ; header size
     const uword ram_bank_size = $2000
 
-    ubyte load_ok = false
+    bool load_ok = false
 
     sub prebuffer()  {
         txt.print("prebuffering...")
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ zsound_lib:
 
         txt.print("\nstreaming from file, playback in irq!\n")
         uword size = 1
-        while size {
+        while size!=0 {
             size = diskio.f_read(digi_address, ram_bank_size)       ; load next bank
             txt.print_ub(cx16.getrambank())
             txt.spc()

examples/line-circle-txt.p8

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ main {
         rect(6, 0, 16, 20, true)
 
 
-        sub rect(ubyte x1, ubyte y1, ubyte x2, ubyte y2, ubyte fill) {
+        sub rect(ubyte x1, ubyte y1, ubyte x2, ubyte y2, bool fill) {
             ubyte x
             ubyte y
             if fill {

examples/mandelbrot-gfx.p8

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ main {
                     iter++
                 }
 
-                if iter & 1
+                if iter & 1 !=0
                     graphics.plot(pixelx, pixely)
             }
         }

examples/maze.p8

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
                 if stackptr==255 {
                     ; stack empty.
                     ; repath if we are not done yet. (this is a workaround for the prog8 256 array lenght limit)
-                    if cells_to_carve {
+                    if cells_to_carve!=0 {
                         if repath()
                             goto carve_restart_after_repath
                     }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
                 if stackptr==0 {
                     ; stack overflow, we can't track our path any longer.
                     ; repath if we are not done yet. (this is a workaround for the prog8 256 array lenght limit)
-                    if cells_to_carve {
+                    if cells_to_carve!=0 {
                         if repath()
                             goto carve_restart_after_repath
                     }
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
                 do {
                     cx = math.rnd() % numCellsHoriz
                     cy = math.rnd() % numCellsVert
-                } until not @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE
+                } until @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE ==0
-                if available_uncarved()
+                if available_uncarved()!=0
                     return true
             }
             return false
@@ -150,25 +150,25 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
 
         sub available_uncarved() -> ubyte {
             ubyte candidates = 0
-            if cx>0 and @(celladdr(cx-1, cy)) & STONE
+            if cx>0 and @(celladdr(cx-1, cy)) & STONE !=0
                 candidates |= LEFT
-            if cx<numCellsHoriz-1 and @(celladdr(cx+1, cy)) & STONE
+            if cx<numCellsHoriz-1 and @(celladdr(cx+1, cy)) & STONE !=0
                 candidates |= RIGHT
-            if cy>0 and @(celladdr(cx, cy-1)) & STONE
+            if cy>0 and @(celladdr(cx, cy-1)) & STONE !=0
                 candidates |= UP
-            if cy<numCellsVert-1 and @(celladdr(cx, cy+1)) & STONE
+            if cy<numCellsVert-1 and @(celladdr(cx, cy+1)) & STONE !=0
                 candidates |= DOWN
             return candidates
         }
 
         sub choose_uncarved_direction() -> ubyte {
             ubyte candidates =  available_uncarved()
-            if not candidates
+            if candidates==0
                 return 0
 
             repeat {
                 ubyte choice = candidates & directionflags[math.rnd() & 3]
-                if choice
+                if choice!=0
                     return choice
             }
         }
@@ -176,7 +176,6 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
 
     sub openpassages() {
         ; open just a few extra passages, so that multiple routes are possible in theory.
-        ubyte cell
         ubyte numpassages
         ubyte cx
         ubyte cy
@@ -184,33 +183,33 @@ carve_restart_after_repath:
             do {
                 cx = math.rnd() % (numCellsHoriz-2) + 1
                 cy = math.rnd() % (numCellsVert-2) + 1
-            } until not @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE
+            } until @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & STONE ==0
             ubyte direction = directionflags[math.rnd() & 3]
-            if not @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & direction {
+            if @(celladdr(cx, cy)) & direction == 0 {
                 when direction {
                     LEFT -> {
-                        if not @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & STONE {
+                        if @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & STONE == 0 {
                             @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= LEFT
                             drawCell(cx,cy)
                             numpassages++
                         }
                     }
                     RIGHT -> {
-                        if not @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & STONE {
+                        if @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & STONE == 0 {
                             @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= RIGHT
                             drawCell(cx,cy)
                             numpassages++
                         }
                     }
                     UP -> {
-                        if not @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & STONE {
+                        if @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & STONE == 0 {
                             @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= UP
                             drawCell(cx,cy)
                             numpassages++
                         }
                     }
                     DOWN -> {
-                        if not @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & STONE {
+                        if @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & STONE == 0 {
                             @(celladdr(cx,cy)) |= DOWN
                             drawCell(cx,cy)
                             numpassages++
@@ -244,22 +243,22 @@ solve_loop:
             }
 
             ubyte cell = @(celladdr(cx,cy))
-            if cell & UP and not @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) {
+            if cell & UP!=0 and @(celladdr(cx,cy-1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
                 @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = UP
                 txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2, 81, 3)
                 cy--
             }
-            else if cell & DOWN and not @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) {
+            else if cell & DOWN !=0 and @(celladdr(cx,cy+1)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
                 @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = DOWN
                 txt.setcc(cx*2+1, cy*2+2, 81, 3)
                 cy++
             }
-            else if cell & LEFT and not @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) {
+            else if cell & LEFT !=0 and @(celladdr(cx-1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
                 @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = LEFT
                 txt.setcc(cx*2, cy*2+1, 81, 3)
                 cx--
             }
-            else if cell & RIGHT and not @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) {
+            else if cell & RIGHT !=0 and @(celladdr(cx+1,cy)) & (WALKED|BACKTRACKED) ==0 {
                 @(pathstack + pathstackptr) = RIGHT
                 txt.setcc(cx*2+2, cy*2+1, 81, 3)
                 cx++
@@ -311,22 +310,22 @@ solve_loop:
         ubyte x = cx * 2 + 1
         ubyte y = cy * 2 + 1
         ubyte doors = @(celladdr(cx,cy))
-        if doors & UP
+        if doors & UP !=0
             txt.setcc(x, y-1, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-        if doors & RIGHT
+        if doors & RIGHT !=0
             txt.setcc(x+1, y, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-        if doors & DOWN
+        if doors & DOWN !=0
             txt.setcc(x, y+1, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-        if doors & LEFT
+        if doors & LEFT !=0
             txt.setcc(x-1, y, ' ', EMPTYCOLOR)
-        if doors & STONE
+        if doors & STONE !=0
             txt.setcc(x, y, 160, WALLCOLOR)
         else
             txt.setcc(x, y, 32, EMPTYCOLOR)
 
-        if doors & WALKED
+        if doors & WALKED !=0
             txt.setcc(x, y, 81, 1)
-        if doors & BACKTRACKED
+        if doors & BACKTRACKED !=0
             txt.setcc(x, y, 81, 2)
     }
 

examples/numbergame.p8

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ main {
         return
 
 
-        sub ending(ubyte success) {
+        sub ending(bool success) {
             if success
                 txt.print("\n\nYou guessed it, impressive!\n")
             else {

examples/primes.p8

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ main {
     ubyte candidate_prime = 2       ; is increased in the loop
 
     sub start() {
-        sys.memset(sieve, 256, false)   ; clear the sieve, to reset starting situation on subsequent runs
+        sys.memset(sieve, 256, 0)   ; clear the sieve, to reset starting situation on subsequent runs
 
         ; calculate primes
         txt.print("prime numbers up to 255:\n\n")

examples/test.p8

@@ -1,37 +1,24 @@
 %import textio
-%option no_sysinit
 %zeropage basicsafe
+%option no_sysinit
 
 main {
-    sub rrrr() -> ubyte {
-        cx16.r0L++
-        return cx16.r0L
-    }
-
     sub start() {
-        cx16.r0L = rrrr() >= 128
+        bool[3] barr
+        bool @shared bb
 
-;        ubyte[] flakes = [1,2,3]
+        barr[1] = barr[0] and barr[2]
-;
+        barr[1] = barr[0] or barr[2]
-;        ubyte @shared idx = 2
+        barr[1] = barr[0] xor barr[2]
-;
+        barr[1] = not barr[0]
-;        if flakes[idx]==239 {
+        barr[1] = not barr[1]
-;            txt.print("yes")
+        barr[1] = barr[1] and bb
-;        } else {
+        barr[1] = barr[1] or bb
-;            txt.print("nope")
+        barr[1] = barr[1] xor bb
-;        }
-;
-;        ubyte @shared xx = 16
-;        ubyte @shared yy = 20
-;
-;        txt.print_ub(xx>79 or yy > 49)
 
-        ; if xx>79 or yy > 49 {
+        bb = bb and barr[1]
-;        if xx>79 or yy > 49 {
+        bb = bb or barr[1]
-;            txt.print("no\n")
+        bb = bb xor barr[1]
-;        }
+        bb = not bb
-;        else {
-;            txt.print("yes\n")
-;        }
     }
 }

examples/textelite.p8

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ main {
             txt.print("\nCommand (?=help): ")
             ubyte num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
             txt.nl()
-            if num_chars {
+            if num_chars!=0 {
                 when input[0] {
                     '?' -> {
                         txt.print("\nCommands are:\n"+
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ trader {
 
     sub do_load() {
         txt.print("\nLoading universe... (drive 8)")
-        if diskio.load(Savegame, &savedata) {
+        if diskio.load(Savegame, &savedata)!=0 {
             txt.print("ok\n")
         } else {
             txt.print("\ni/o error: ")
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ trader {
         str commodity = "???????????????"
         void txt.input_chars(commodity)
         ubyte ci = market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 {
+        if ci & 128 !=0 {
             txt.print("Unknown\n")
         } else {
             txt.print("\nHow much? ")
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ trader {
         str commodity = "???????????????"
         void txt.input_chars(commodity)
         ubyte ci = market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 {
+        if ci & 128 !=0 {
             txt.print("Unknown\n")
         } else {
             txt.print("\nHow much? ")
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ trader {
     sub do_info() {
         txt.print("\nSystem name (empty=current): ")
         num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
-        if num_chars {
+        if num_chars!=0 {
             ubyte current_planet = planet.number
             ubyte x = planet.x
             ubyte y = planet.y
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ trader {
     sub do_map() {
         txt.print("\n(l)ocal or (g)alaxy starmap? ")
         num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
-        if num_chars {
+        if num_chars!=0 {
             galaxy.starmap(input[0]=='l')
         }
     }
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ market {
             product = planet.economy as word * gradients[ci]
             changing = fluct & maskbytes[ci]  as byte
             ubyte q = (basequants[ci] as word + changing - product) as ubyte
-            if q & $80
+            if q & $80 !=0
                 q = 0  ; clip to positive 8-bit
             current_quantity[ci] = q & $3f
             q = (baseprices[ci] + changing + product) as ubyte
@@ -430,13 +430,13 @@ galaxy {
         market.init(lsb(seed[0])+msb(seed[2]))
     }
 
-    sub search_closest_planet(uword nameptr) -> ubyte {
+    sub search_closest_planet(uword nameptr) -> bool {
         ubyte x = planet.x
         ubyte y = planet.y
         ubyte current_planet_num = planet.number
 
         init(number)
-        ubyte found = false
+        bool found = false
         ubyte current_closest_pi
         ubyte current_distance = 127
         ubyte pi
@@ -575,11 +575,11 @@ galaxy {
     ubyte pn_pair2
     ubyte pn_pair3
     ubyte pn_pair4
-    ubyte longname
+    bool longname
 
     sub generate_next_planet() {
         determine_planet_properties()
-        longname = lsb(seed[0]) & 64
+        longname = lsb(seed[0]) & 64 !=0
 
         ; Always four iterations of random number
         pn_pair1 = (msb(seed[2]) & 31) * 2
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ galaxy {
             planet.economy = (planet.economy | 2)
         planet.techlevel = (msb(seed[1]) & 3) + (planet.economy ^ 7)
         planet.techlevel += planet.govtype >> 1
-        if planet.govtype & 1
+        if planet.govtype & 1 !=0
             planet.techlevel++
         planet.population = 4 * planet.techlevel + planet.economy
         planet.population += planet.govtype + 1
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ galaxy {
         planet.productivity *= planet.population * 8
         ubyte seed2_msb = msb(seed[2])
         planet.radius = mkword((seed2_msb & 15) + 11, planet.x)
-        planet.species_is_alien = lsb(seed[2]) & 128       ; bit 7 of w2_lo
+        planet.species_is_alien = lsb(seed[2]) & 128 !=0      ; bit 7 of w2_lo
         if planet.species_is_alien {
             planet.species_size = (seed2_msb >> 2) & 7      ; bits 2-4 of w2_hi
             planet.species_color = seed2_msb >> 5           ; bits 5-7 of w2_hi
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ planet {
     ubyte population
     uword productivity
     uword radius
-    ubyte species_is_alien      ; otherwise "Human Colonials"
+    bool species_is_alien      ; otherwise "Human Colonials"
     ubyte species_size
     ubyte species_color
     ubyte species_look
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ planet {
                 else {
                     if c <= $a4 {
                         ubyte rnr = goatsoup_rnd_number()
-                        ubyte wordNr = (rnr >= $33) + (rnr >= $66) + (rnr >= $99) + (rnr >= $CC)
+                        ubyte wordNr = ((rnr >= $33) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $66) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $99) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $CC) as ubyte)
                         source_stack[stack_ptr] = source_ptr
                         stack_ptr++
                         source_ptr = getword(c, wordNr)
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ planet {
     sub display(bool compressed, ubyte distance) {
         if compressed {
             print_name_uppercase()
-            if distance {
+            if distance!=0 {
                 txt.print(" (")
                 util.print_10s(distance)
                 txt.print(" LY)")
@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ planet {
             txt.spc()
             txt.chrout('#')
             txt.print_ub(number)
-            if distance {
+            if distance!=0 {
                 txt.print("\nDistance: ")
                 util.print_10s(distance)
                 txt.print(" LY")
@@ -1025,7 +1025,7 @@ planet {
 }
 
 util {
-    sub prefix_matches(uword prefixptr, uword stringptr) -> ubyte {
+    sub prefix_matches(uword prefixptr, uword stringptr) -> bool {
         repeat {
             ubyte pc = @(prefixptr)
             ubyte sc = @(stringptr)

examples/vm/bsieve.p8

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ main {
         sys.memset(flags_ptr, SIZEPL, 1)
         count = 0
         for i in 0 to SIZEPL-1 {
-            if flags_ptr[i] {
+            if flags_ptr[i]!=0 {
                 prime = i + i + 3
                 k = i + prime
                 while k <= SIZEPL-1 {
-                    flags_ptr[k] = false
+                    flags_ptr[k] = 0    ; false
                     k += prime
                 }
                 txt.print_uw(prime)

examples/vm/textelite.p8

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ main {
             txt.print("\nCommand (?=help): ")
             ubyte num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
             txt.nl()
-            if num_chars {
+            if num_chars!=0 {
                 when input[0] {
                     '?' -> {
                         txt.print("\nCommands are:\n"+
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ trader {
         str commodity = "???????????????"
         void txt.input_chars(commodity)
         ubyte ci = market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 {
+        if ci & 128 !=0 {
             txt.print("Unknown\n")
         } else {
             txt.print("\nHow much? ")
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ trader {
         str commodity = "???????????????"
         void txt.input_chars(commodity)
         ubyte ci = market.match(commodity)
-        if ci & 128 {
+        if ci & 128 !=0 {
             txt.print("Unknown\n")
         } else {
             txt.print("\nHow much? ")
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ trader {
     sub do_info() {
         txt.print("\nSystem name (empty=current): ")
         num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
-        if num_chars {
+        if num_chars!=0 {
             ubyte current_planet = planet.number
             ubyte x = planet.x
             ubyte y = planet.y
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ trader {
     sub do_map() {
         txt.print("\n(l)ocal or (g)alaxy starmap? ")
         num_chars = txt.input_chars(input)
-        if num_chars {
+        if num_chars!=0 {
             galaxy.starmap(input[0]=='l')
         }
     }
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ market {
             product = planet.economy as word * gradients[ci]
             changing = fluct & maskbytes[ci]  as byte
             ubyte q = (basequants[ci] as word + changing - product) as ubyte
-            if q & $80
+            if q & $80 !=0
                 q = 0  ; clip to positive 8-bit
             current_quantity[ci] = q & $3f
             q = (baseprices[ci] + changing + product) as ubyte
@@ -371,13 +371,13 @@ galaxy {
         market.init(lsb(seed[0])+msb(seed[2]))
     }
 
-    sub search_closest_planet(uword nameptr) -> ubyte {
+    sub search_closest_planet(uword nameptr) -> bool {
         ubyte x = planet.x
         ubyte y = planet.y
         ubyte current_planet_num = planet.number
 
         init(number)
-        ubyte found = false
+        bool found = false
         ubyte current_closest_pi
         ubyte current_distance = 127
         ubyte pi
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@ galaxy {
             ni++
         }
 
-        if longname {
+        if longname!=0 {
             if pn_pairs[pn_pair4] != '.' {
                 name[ni] = pn_pairs[pn_pair4]
                 ni++
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ galaxy {
             planet.economy = (planet.economy | 2)
         planet.techlevel = (msb(seed[1]) & 3) + (planet.economy ^ 7)
         planet.techlevel += planet.govtype >> 1
-        if planet.govtype & 1
+        if planet.govtype & 1 !=0
             planet.techlevel++
         planet.population = 4 * planet.techlevel + planet.economy
         planet.population += planet.govtype + 1
@@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ galaxy {
         planet.productivity *= planet.population * 8
         ubyte seed2_msb = msb(seed[2])
         planet.radius = mkword((seed2_msb & 15) + 11, planet.x)
-        planet.species_is_alien = lsb(seed[2]) & 128       ; bit 7 of w2_lo
+        planet.species_is_alien = lsb(seed[2]) & 128 !=0      ; bit 7 of w2_lo
         if planet.species_is_alien {
             planet.species_size = (seed2_msb >> 2) & 7      ; bits 2-4 of w2_hi
             planet.species_color = seed2_msb >> 5           ; bits 5-7 of w2_hi
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ planet {
     ubyte population
     uword productivity
     uword radius
-    ubyte species_is_alien      ; otherwise "Human Colonials"
+    bool species_is_alien      ; otherwise "Human Colonials"
     ubyte species_size
     ubyte species_color
     ubyte species_look
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ planet {
                 else {
                     if c <= $a4 {
                         ubyte rnr = goatsoup_rnd_number()
-                        ubyte wordNr = (rnr >= $33) + (rnr >= $66) + (rnr >= $99) + (rnr >= $CC)
+                        ubyte wordNr = ((rnr >= $33) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $66) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $99) as ubyte) + ((rnr >= $CC) as ubyte)
                         source_stack[stack_ptr] = source_ptr
                         stack_ptr++
                         source_ptr = getword(c, wordNr)
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ planet {
     sub display(bool compressed, ubyte distance) {
         if compressed {
             print_name_uppercase()
-            if distance {
+            if distance!=0 {
                 txt.print(" (")
                 util.print_10s(distance)
                 txt.print(" LY)")
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ planet {
             txt.spc()
             txt.chrout('#')
             txt.print_ub(number)
-            if distance {
+            if distance!=0 {
                 txt.print("\nDistance: ")
                 util.print_10s(distance)
                 txt.print(" LY")
@@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ planet {
 }
 
 util {
-    sub prefix_matches(uword prefixptr, uword stringptr) -> ubyte {
+    sub prefix_matches(uword prefixptr, uword stringptr) -> bool {
         repeat {
             ubyte pc = @(prefixptr)
             ubyte sc = @(stringptr)