a2cloud/docs/ivanx/index.md

# [A2CLOUD][1]
## This is not a blog. This is a user guide.

### Menu

* [A2CLOUD home][2]
* [Apple II Extravaganza][3]
* [Raspberry Pi Party][4]
* [love and hate mail: ivan@ivanx.com](mailto:ivan@ivanx.com)


# Category Archives: A2CLOUD

# [A2CLOUD: intro][5]

Hello, and welcome to A2CLOUD! It provides any Apple II — even a IIc — with
internet access, mass storage, and floppy disk transfer, via a [Raspberry
Pi][7], a tiny silent $35 computer. You can also use A2CLOUD with other Linux
computers or virtual machines; [click here][8] for details.

This web page is the user guide; just read the posts in order. The table of
contents is over on the right. You might want to start with the intro video
below. (For other ways to use your Raspberry Pi with your Apple II, check
out [A2SERVER][9], and [Apple II Pi][10], both part of [Raspple II][11].)

*5-May-15: A2CLOUD 1.8.1 is available, featuring compatibility with every
Raspberry Pi including Raspberry Pi 2 Model B and Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+, and
non-Pi users now get the GSport emulator. If you already have A2CLOUD
installed, type `a2cloud-update` to update, or start over with the [Raspple
II][12] easy installation method (or upgrade Raspple II with `a2cloud-update
os`). The complete version history is [here][13].*

[![YouTube: A2CLOUD setup part 1: intro and demo][v_img01]][video01]

[v_img01]: http://img.youtube.com/vi/kYkOxe4mjHg/0.jpg
[video01]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYkOxe4mjHg

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD (newest first)][14], [Apple
II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on July 14, 2013 by [ivanx][17]


#  [A2CLOUD: what you need][18]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
To use A2CLOUD, you need various things. Here’s a video to show you what
goes where, followed by your shopping list. (Don’t pay much attention to
2:00 through 6:00, as it’s now much simpler to set up A2CLOUD than when
I made the video.)


[![YouTube: A2CLOUD setup part 2: configure your Raspberry Pi][v_img02]][video02]

[v_img02]: http://img.youtube.com/vi/saIdvQNgm3c/0.jpg
[video02]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saIdvQNgm3c

Places to purchase are linked:

* for virtual drives, any Apple II model with Applesoft
* for internet, an Apple IIc, IIgs, or 128K Apple IIe enhanced (though
  Apple II Plus and unenhanced IIe [might work][20])
* any Raspberry Pi, B/B+ models recommended ([buy direct from
  distributor][21], or at Amazon: [Pi 2 model
  B][22], [Pi 1 model B+][23], [Pi
  1 model B][24], [Pi 1 model A+][25])
* a [4 GB or larger SD card][26] ([8 GB or
  larger][27] recommended)
* a [good power supply][28] with a micro-USB plug
  that provides at least 1A of current
* an [ethernet cable][29] attached to your router, or
  a [Wi-Fi adapter][30] (more complex)
* a [null modem Apple II serial cable][31] (or: [roll
  your own][32])
* a [USB-to-serial adapter][33]
* a [Super Serial Card][34], if you have an Apple IIe
  (see note below)

 

If you want simultaneous virtual drives and internet access from your
Apple II:

* another [null modem Apple II serial cable][31] (or: [roll your own][32])
* another [USB-to-serial adapter][33]
* another [Super Serial Card][34], if you have an
  Apple IIe (see note below)

 

Optional items:

* an [SD card reader][35] to prepare the SD card, if
  your computer doesn’t have one
* a [USB keyboard][36] and possibly [mouse][37] (or: you can [control the Pi from another
  computer][38])
* a [*powered* USB hub][39] (if you don’t have a free
  port for a USB-to-serial adapter)
* an [Apple II Pi card][40], or another [Super Serial
  Card][34] with a [Raspberry Pi Console cable][41], if you want to use [Apple II Pi][42]

 

If you have a straight-through serial cable rather than a null modem
serial cable, and you are using a IIgs or IIc (no Super Serial Card),
you can use a [DE-9 (aka DB-9) male-to-female null modem adapter][43].

If you have a Super Serial Card, its jumper block needs to point towards
“Modem” if you have a null modem cable, or “Terminal” if you have a
straight-through cable. (Or, if you are using it with a Raspberry Pi
console cable, that acts as a null modem cable, so reverse the jumper
positions described here.)

 

(A note about the USB-to-serial adapter: there are lots of
different brands and models of these. The only ones I have ever tested,
including the TRENDnet model linked above, are those based on the
Prolific PL2303 chipset. Other models based on other chipsets such as
FTDI may also work; I just haven’t tried them.)

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14, 2013][18] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: prepare your Pi][44]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
_Starting Fresh_ If you have
never used your Pi, you will need to prepare your SD card. Download
[Raspple II][46]  (a distribution of the Raspbian operating system with Apple II goodies preinstalled), and expand the .zip file. Copy all of its files to a 4 GB or larger SD card (8 GB or larger recommended). Then put the
SD card in your Pi, and attach power. The operating system will automatically install, which will take about 20 minutes. If you don’t have a screen attached to your Pi, you’ll know when it’s done when the ACT/OK
lamp on the Raspberry Pi board stops flickering.

(If you are
starting over with the same SD card, or want to ensure the card is
formatted correctly, you can use the official [SD
Formatter][47]  utility — carefully! — before copying the files.)  

_If you’re already up and
running, or want to customize the installation_

You can also install A2CLOUD from the Raspbian command line. Type:

`wget appleii.ivanx.com/a2cloud/setup; source setup`

If you want all the features, answer “Y” to the questions. Then be
patient, as it takes a little while to install.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14, 2013][44] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: go headless (optional)][38]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
For basic A2CLOUD use, I recommend going headless with your Raspberry Pi
— that is, using it without a screen and keyboard. This will keep your
USB ports free and reduce clutter, plus make it feel more like an Apple
II peripheral. It’s pretty doable because you can always display your
Pi’s screen on a newer computer on your network, and you can even log
into its command line from your Apple II.

With that said, you may want a screen and keyboard attached if you want
to use [Apple II Pi][42], or you just feel more comfortable using it
that way. So if you’re not ready to go headless, you can skip the rest
of this post.

 

_Log in to the Pi’s command
line:_

If you’re gonna go headless, then you’ll need to take a few steps so
that you can control your Pi from another computer, which could be an
Apple II, as I’ll explain in a few posts. But you can also use a
current-day computer on your network.

 On a Mac, open
Terminal (in the Utilities folder of the Applications folder), and at
the prompt, type `ssh pi@raspberrypi.local` to connect. If you have
Windows, you can install [Bonjour Print Services][49],
and then use [PuTTY][50] to connect to the address
“raspberrypi.local”.

If that doesn’t work, try updating A2CLOUD by typing `a2cloud-setup`. If
it still doesn’t work, or you don’t want to install Bonjour Print
Services for Windows, you will need to find your Pi’s IP address and use
that instead. If you have a Mac, you can use [Pi Finder][51] to help
with this; if you have Windows, you can use [Advanced IP Scanner][52].

The username is
“pi” and the password is “apple2″ (or instead “raspberry” if you
installed a fresh copy of Raspbian, rather than Raspple II). You should
arrive at the Linux prompt.

 

_<a id="xrdp" />Remotely Access
the Raspbian desktop_

You can access the Raspbian graphical desktop by using remote desktop
software. Use the Remote Desktop Connection application included with
Microsoft Windows, or its [Mac version][53], to
connect to your Raspberry Pi by putting in “raspberrypi.local”, or your
Pi’s IP address. (If you would prefer to use a VNC client, [configure
tightvncserver][54]. You could also use RDP or VNC
clients for other platforms, like iOS and Android.)

 

_Get a consistent IP
Address_

If “raspberrypi.local” doesn’t work for you for some reason, and you
don’t want to have to use Pi Finder or Advanced IP Scanner every time
you want to log into your Pi, I suggest you create a DHCP reservation in
your router. This will make your router give your Pi the same IP address
every time. Every router’s configuration screen is a little different,
but they all require the same things: the 12-digit MAC (ethernet
hardware) address, and the IP address that should be assigned to it.

Pi Finder and Advanced IP Scanner give you this info. Alternatively,
from your Pi, type `ip addr` and you’ll find the MAC address as six
pairs of digits separated by colons, in a line that starts with “link”,
and the IP address as four numbers separated by periods immediately
after the word “inet”. If you need help creating DHCP reservations on
your particular router, check the manual, or Google for it.

If your router can’t provide a DHCP reservation, you can alternatively
configure your Pi to have a static IP address (which is permanently set,
rather than asking your router for it) via the method discussed
[here][55].

 

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14, 2013][38] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: install the software][56]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you used the [Raspple II][12] installation method,
you’ve already installed the A2CLOUD software, and can skip the rest of
this post.

If you don’t
have A2CLOUD installed yet — because, for example, you installed vanilla
NOOBS or Raspbian, rather than Raspple II — log in to your Pi, and at
the Linux prompt type:

`wget ivanx.com/a2cloud/setup; source setup`

A2CLOUD is confirmed to work on Debian 7 (“Wheezy”), all releases of
Raspbian, and possibly earlier versions of both. It is believed to work
on other Debian derivatives, such as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. (A2CLOUD does not
yet fully work on Debian 8 or Ubuntu 15.04, or other distributions that
use systemd.)

Follow the prompts; I suggest you answer “yes” to all of them, and
everything on these pages will assume that you have. When you are asked
to specify the size of your virtual disk (in KB), keep in mind that the
larger it is, the slower it will be; hopefully this will change in the
future.

When it’s done, the A2CLOUD installer will ask you to reboot your Pi. Do
so, and wait about two minutes for it to complete. (If you’ve got a
screen attached, wait until it shows you the login prompt; you don’t
actually need to log in.)

You’ve now got your Raspberry Pi providing virtual drives and internet
access for your Apple II!

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][56] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: attach your cables][58]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Figure out which of the following scenarios applies to you, and attach
your USB-to-serial adapter(s) according to the options you see.

If you are using a Raspberry Pi with four USB ports, then use the pair
of USB ports next to the Ethernet port, not the ones in the corner.

If you are using a Raspberry Pi model A or A+, consider its one USB port
to be the “lower” port in the instructions below. If you have a USB hub
attached to it, then port 2 on that hub is the “upper” port, and port 3
on that hub is the “lower” port. Since the physical ports these
correspond to may vary by hub, you may need to try different ports to
figure out which is which.

You’ll see mentioned below the “lowest-numbered” or “highest-numbered”
port in a USB hub, which isn’t necessarily obvious. If you have a USB
hub, try the leftmost or topmost port, and if that doesn’t work, try the
rightmost or bottommost port. If you want to definitively know, see the
note at the end.

If you have an
Apple IIe, then “printer port” or “modem port” means a Super Serial Card
in slot 1 or 2, respectively.

 

_You have one USB-to-serial
adapter, and want to use it for virtual drives_

You can use:

* the lower USB port
* any port in a hub on the lower USB port if it is the only
  USB-to-serial adapter in the hub
* the lowest-numbered port on a hub with multiple USB-to-serial adapters

Connect the adapter to a serial cable attached to to your Apple II modem
port.

 

_You have one USB-to-serial
adapter, and want to use it for internet_

You can use:

* the upper USB port
* any port in a hub on the upper USB port if it is the only
  USB-to-serial adapter in the hub
* the highest-numbered port on a hub with multiple USB-to-serial
  adapters

Connect the adapter to a serial cable attached to to your Apple II
printer port.

 

_You have two USB-to-serial
adapters_

Do both of the above.

 

_How to figure out the lowest
or highest numbered port on your USB hub_

You can attach two USB-to-serial adapters to a USB hub attached to
either USB port on the Pi. A2CLOUD tells them apart based on their being
attached to a lower numbered port for virtual drives, and a higher
numbered port for internet.

I did it this way so you can simply try the ports at either end of the
USB hub and see if you get the results you expect. But If you want to
know the actual port number, detach all of your USB-to-serial adapters,
then plug in one adapter. Then type `ls /dev/ttyUSBlower_hub*` and see
what it shows you. The number at the end is your USB port number. You
can then move the adapter to a different port and repeat until you
figure out which one is the lowest and which one is the highest.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][58] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: make your boot disk][60]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
You’re almost ready to use virtual drives, courtesy of David Schmidt’s
[VSDRIVE][62], which is included with [ADTPro][63]. You can also use ADTPro
itself to transfer disk images to actual disks, and vice versa.

To access the virtual drives, you need to boot from the A2CLOUD disk. To
get that, you need ADTPro to transfer it to an Apple II floppy. If
you’ve already got ADTPro on an Apple II disk, boot it (choose Serial if
prompted), and skip the video and the paragraph which follows it. Or, if
you’ve got some other means of turning disk image files into floppies,
you can download the [140K A2CLOUD boot disk][64] or the [800K A2CLOUD
boot disk][65], and skip the rest of this post.

If you don’t have ADTPro on an Apple II disk already, you need to get it
running on your Apple II via a process called bootstrapping. Here’s a
video to show you how to do that, or you can read the instructions below
it.

 

[![YouTube: A2CLOUD setup part 3: making your boot floppy][v_img03]][video03]

[v_img03]: http://img.youtube.com/vi/iOKIQNF8sZY/0.jpg
[video03]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOKIQNF8sZY

First, turn on your Apple II and press ctrl-RESET before DOS or ProDOS
can load. Next, if you have a screen, keyboard, and mouse attached to
your Pi, type `startx.` Otherwise, log in with Remote Desktop Connection
(as described in [A2CLOUD: go headless][66]) from another computer. Once
you see the desktop, double-click ADTPro Server, and when the ADTPro server window appears, choose Bootstrapping-&gt;ProDOS-&gt;SpeediBoot and follow the instructions which pop up. When you get to the “LOADING MLI” phase on your Apple II,
nothing may appear to happen for several minutes; just be patient and it
will eventually kick in. (You can alternatively choose
VSDRIVE+SpeediBoot to immediately gain access to the virtual drives, but
as soon as you reboot, you’ll need to bootstrap again. It’s much more
convenient to have a boot floppy.)

Once you’ve ADTPro running, put in a blank floppy disk and type F to
format it (unless you know it’s already formatted). You can use any
volume name. When it’s done, type R to receive, and then enter (in all
caps) A2CLOUD.DSK for a 5.25″ drive or A2CLOUD.PO for a 3.5″ drive. The
A2CLOUD disk will be copied from your Pi to your Apple II. (You can use
ADTPro to transfer any other disk images to or from your Pi at any
time.)

If you bootstrapped, once you’ve got your A2CLOUD disk, you can leave
the ADTPro server window open, or reboot your Pi. If you close the
window, or quit the Raspbian desktop without rebooting, ADTPro server
will no longer be running; you can type `adtpro-start` at a prompt to
get it going again, or reboot, or disconnect and then reconnect the
USB-to-serial adapter on the lower USB port.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][60] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: use virtual drives!][67]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Ok, almost there. Fire up your A2CLOUD floppy, and at the welcome
screen, type V. (If you are at an Applesoft prompt, you can instead type
`-VSDRIVE`.)

Once you’ve done this, you can access your blank virtual disk on slot 2
drive 1, and the 800K version of the A2CLOUD disk on slot 2 drive 2.
Check it out by typing `CAT,S2,D2`. After specifying the slot and drive,
they will stick for subsequent [ProDOS commands][69] (that’s a quick list; here’s a [full manual][70]). You will no longer have access to slot 6. To regain
access to slot 6, do a full reset of your Apple II and boot any ProDOS
disk as usual.

You can also run VSDRIVE from a ProDOS 8 program launcher (e.g. the
`BYE` command). Nothing will appear to happen, but your virtual drives
will become available. (If you don’t see VSDRIVE when you’re not in
BASIC.SYSTEM, update ADTPro by typing `a2cloud-update`.)`
`

If you need access to both slot 6 and the virtual drives at the same
time, you can, after booting, type:

`-VSDRIVE.LOW`

However, this version of the driver for the virtual disks is easily
overwritten by other software, especially if you exit BASIC.SYSTEM.
However, ProDOS Filer works ok, so it is included on the A2CLOUD disk if
you need to transfer files from slot 6 to a virtual drive. Just
type `-FILER` to use it. Note that if you’re transferring from the
A2CLOUD floppy disk to the virtual A2CLOUD disk (in S2,D2 by default),
you’ll first need to rename the volume of your boot floppy to something
like A2CLOUD.DISK, so Filer can tell it apart from the volume named
A2CLOUD in the virtual drive.

If you think Filer sucks, because it does, you can instead use ADTPro to
transfer your entire 5.25″ disk to a new disk image on your Pi that you
can use with VSDRIVE, or experiment with other copy programs.

You can also change the virtual drives to use different images, which
I’ll explain in a later post.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][67] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: log in from your Apple II][71]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you’re happy enough controlling your Pi with a screen or keyboard
attached, or by logging into it from another computer, then you don’t
really need to read any of this post. But it’s *more fun* to log into it
from your Apple II. You try it.

To do that, you’ll need terminal communications software which supports
VT-100 emulation. The A2CLOUD installer provides both [ProTERM][73] and Z-Link for IIc, IIgs, and enhanced IIe; GS/OS users
can also download and use [Spectrum][74] for color
and graphic text. Apple II Plus and unenhanced IIe users have some
options too.

Once you’ve connected with your terminal program — specifics are below —
press return a couple of times, and you should see the Raspberry Pi
login prompt. Log in with username `pi` and
password `apple2` (or `raspberry`, if you installed standard Raspbian).
You should be taken to the Linux prompt. If you quit your terminal
program, and then run it later, you’ll be right where you left off — you
won’t have to log in again unless you restart your Pi.

Then you can download files and transfer them into your disk images or
to your Apple II, and do other stuff on the internet. More on how in a
future post. (Once you’ve got one of the below terminal programs
working, you may also want to try out a [faster serial port
rate][75] than the default 4800 baud.)

<a id="screen" />Once you get comfortable with logging in, you might
want multiple terminal screens you can switch freely between. To do
this, type `screen`. Then, whenever you need a new screen, type ctrl-A
followed by C. You can go back to a previous screen with ctrl-A followed
by P, or forward to the next screen by typing ctrl-A followed by N.
 To close a screen, type `exit` or ctrl-A followed by K. When you close
the last screen, Screen quits. All Screen commands start with ctrl-A;
for a full list of commands, type ctrl-A followed by a question mark. A
well-written, easy-to-follow guide on how to get the most out of Screen
is [here][76].

 

_ProTERM_

ProTERM is a robust and recommended terminal program, but it does not
fit on the 140K A2CLOUD disk, and it needs to stay in the drive (or
virtual drive) while being used. You’ll find it on the 800K disk, or the
S2,D2 virtual drive. When ProTERM runs, select the “Null Modem
(CTS/RTS)” driver and the IIgs/IIc/IIc+ printer port, or a Super Serial
Card in slot 1. (Note that if you use your own copy of ProTERM, the
IIc/IIc+ printer port is not listed, so for that machine you’d need to
use the copy that A2CLOUD provides; thanks to Hugh Hood for this patch.)
For printer, select No Printer In System. When you’re ready to connect,
choose Parameters from the Online menu, choose 4800 baud and VT-100
emulation, hide the status bar, and select Line Status: Online. (Thanks
to Tony Diaz and Intrec Software for making ProTERM free to the
community.)

 

<a id="spectrum" />_Spectrum_

[Spectrum][74], for the Apple IIgs, is not provided
on the A2CLOUD disk, [but is freely available for download][77]. From the Settings menu, choose Port and select the
printer port at 4800 baud. Then in the Settings menu, choose Online
Display and select VT-100 (monochrome text), or ANSI (color and graphic
text, though slower). Then from the Show menu, choose Online Display. If
you are using ANSI, type `term color` after logging in, or `term -d
color` if you don’t want to do it every time. You can also type `term
mono` if you want to switch it back for use with other terminal
programs. When you’re done, type Apple-W to “close” the display. (Thanks
to Ewen Wannop for making Spectrum free to the community.)

 

_Z-Link_

Z-Link is provided on both the 5.25″ and 3.5″ versions of the A2CLOUD
disk. While not quite as capable as ProTERM, it is able to fit on a
5.25″ disk and is self-contained in memory without needing further disk
access. When you first run Z-Link, you need to configure it by pressing
openApple-W and choosing 4800 baud, slot 1. Then press openApple-T until
VT-100 emulation is enabled. Finally, press open-apple-S and type the
file name `Z.LINK.CONFIG` to save the configuration and have it be
loaded whenever you run Z.LINK.

If you want to run Z-Link from a virtual drive, you need to first copy
Z.LINK.CONFIG from your floppy, because otherwise it will go online
immediately using slot 2, which makes the virtual drive stop working.
Boot your A2CLOUD disk and set it up as above. Then, at the Applesoft
prompt, type `-VSDRIVE.LOW` followed by `-FILER`. Once in Filer, rename
the volume of your A2CLOUD floppy to A2CLOUD.DISK, then copy
/A2CLOUD.DISK/Z.LINK.CONFIG to /A2CLOUD/Z.LINK.CONFIG.

 

<a id="unenhanced" />_Apple II
Plus and unenhanced IIe _

If you have an Apple II Plus or unehnanced IIe, there have been reports
of success with using [Kermit 3.87][78], or DCOM 3.3,
for terminal access to your Raspberry Pi. They need to be set for VT-100
emulation, and on an Apple II Plus you need a Videx VideoTerm (but not
UltraTerm) for 80 column support. I haven’t tried them, but [here’s the
relevant discussion thread][79].

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][71] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: make a floppy or image][80]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you have [A2SERVER][82] installed — which you do
if you installed A2CLOUD with [Raspple II][12] — it’s
easy to download software with your modern computer and turn it into a
floppy disk with your Apple II, or use it as a virtual drive. And it’s
just as easy to make an image from an Apple II floppy that you can use
in an emulator on your modern computer.

(If you don’t have A2SERVER installed, you can start over with [Raspple
II][12], or you can, at your Raspberry Pi’s prompt,
type `wget ivanx.com/a2server/setup; source setup` to install it. If
you’re not sure, type `a2server-help`; if you get a help screen, you’ve
got A2SERVER.)

On your newer computer, you can browse your network and you should see
 “raspberrypi” as a server you can connect to. You can log in as Guest
if asked.

On Mac OS X, it should appear under Shared in the sidebar of a Finder
window, or under “Network” from the “Go” menu of the Finder. On Windows,
it should appear under Network. On Mac OS 7 through 9, open Chooser from
the Apple menu and click on AppleShare.

(If you can’t browse to the server on your network, try typing
`a2server-setup` to update it, and if that doesn’t work, type `showip`
to get your Pi’s IP address. On Mac OS X, enter the IP address under
“Connect To Server…” from the Go menu of the Finder; on Windows, type
the IP address following \\\\ in an Explorer window.)

Open the ADTDISKS shared volume and copy any disk images you want to
make into disks in there.

Then run [ADTPro][63] on your Apple II, which is on
your A2CLOUD boot disk. Type R to receive, and type the name of the
image file (case matters), and then choose the drive containing the disk
you want to put the image onto. The disk will be erased, so be careful.
Also, if you were using VSDRIVE before you ran ADTPro, you might not
have access to slot 6; if you need it, reboot and then run ADTPro.

If you want to turn a disk into an image, do the reverse process: type S
to send in ADTPro, and then choose the drive you wish. The image will
appear in the ADTDISKS network volume on your newer computer.

You can type D for directory in ADTPro to get a listing, but characters
are sometimes missing, so you might need to do it a few times, or refer
to the ADTDISKS network volume on your newer computer.

Unix-type computers can also use `scp` to copy files to and from
A2SERVER; Windows computers can also do so in the command window by
using `pscp` in [PuTTY][50]. The shared volume is at
/media/A2SHARED/ADTDISKS.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 14,
2013][80] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: learn some Unix][83]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Once you’re logged into your Raspberry Pi, you can download disk images
and use them with VSDRIVE or transfer them with ADTPro.

To do so, you’ll need to know some Unix. Everything you type at a prompt
is a Unix command, either built-in, or a program that gets executed.
Most commands can take additional arguments (parameters) separated by
spaces to modify how they operate. Note that everything in Unix is
(usually) case-sensitive — that is, “ls” is not the same thing as “LS”.

Here’s some basics:

`pwd` will print the path of the current directory (like PREFIX)

`cd /path/name` will change the directory to /path/name (like PREFIX
/PATH/NAME)

`ls `will list the files in the current directory (like CAT)

`ls -lp` will list the files in the current directory in long format
(like CATALOG)

`cp sourceFilePath targetFilePath` will copy a file

`mv filePath newFilePath` will move or rename a file (like RENAME)

`rm filePath` will delete a file (like DELETE)

`mkdir dirPath` will create a subdirectory (like CREATE)

`rmdir dirPath` will delete a subdirectory (like DELETE)

`logout` logs you out

`sudo shutdown -h now` will shut down your Pi

`sudo shutdown -r now` will restart your Pi

 

There are also three “special” directories, indicated by a single or
double period, or a tilde:

`.` means the current directory

`..` means the parent (enclosing) directory

`~` means your home directory (on the Pi’s default user, it’s /home/pi)

 

A couple of tips:

pressing up-arrow (or solidApple-up-arrow in ProTERM on a IIe/IIc, or in
Z-Link)  at the command prompt will display previously typed commands

pressing ctrl-A while editing a command will take you to the beginning
of a line

pressing ctrl-E while editing will take you to the end of a line

 

A2CLOUD provides some specialized commands as well, some of which will
be covered in upcoming posts. To see a full list, type `a2cloud-help`.

If you need additional explanation of a command and its arguments, you
can sometimes type “command -h” or “command –help”, and for most
commands, extensive help is available by typing “man command”.

This is just the tip of the iceberg. There are lots and lots of Unix
commands for every purpose imaginable. If you think there are others
which should be included here, please mention them in the comments.

 

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [July 15,
2013][83] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: “insert” a disk image][85]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
To make things easy, A2CLOUD has commands to “insert” disk image files
into the virtual drives:

`vsd1 imageFileName` will “insert” imageFileName into S2,D1

`vsd2 imageFileName` will “insert” imageFileName into S2,D2

`vsd1` or `vsd2` by itself will show you the path to the disk image
currently “in” the drive

Note that the disk image you “insert” can be either DOS-ordered or
ProDOS-ordered. VSDRIVE will figure it out. The disk doesn’t need to
even contain ProDOS, as long as you’re using ProDOS software which can
access it — for example, System Utilities can copy files from a DOS 3.3
or Pascal image.

To make new image files, you can transfer real floppy disks from your
Apple II using ADTPro. These will arrive in /usr/local/adtpro/disks,
which you can also refer to as $ADTDISKS for short; if you have A2SERVER
installed, this folder is also available [on your network][80] to other
computers, so you can use the images you create with an emulator.

Also from another computer, you can copy an image into the ADTDISKS
network folder and then insert it into a virtual drive by typing `vsd1
$ADTDISKS/imageFileName`. (For virtual drive 2, use `vsd2` instead.) Or
you can download disk images from the internet directly on your Pi,
which I’ll explain in a later post.

You can always put the A2CLOUD disk image back in virtual drive 2 with:

`vsd2 $A2CLOUD`

(The `vsd1` and `vsd2` commands create a symbolic link, which is
like a Windows shortcut or Mac alias, to whatever file you specify as
imageFileName. The symlinks are in /usr/local/adtpro/disks, and are
called Virtual.po or Virtual2.po, respectively.)

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][85] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: connect with other people][87]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Once you’ve logged into your Pi — that could be from your Apple II using
ProTERM or Z-Link or Spectrum, or with a directly attached keyboard and
screen, or via SSH from another computer — you can start communicating
on the internet.

Unless you’re using ProTERM or Spectrum on an Apple IIgs, *remember to
hold down solidApple when pressing the arrow keys* when you’re using
these programs.

 

_IRC (Internet Relay Chat)_ 

If you want to chat live with other Apple II people, all you need to do
is type `a2chat`. It will launch an IRC program called Irssi and connect
you directly to the #a2c.chat channel. (If you want to connect to other
channels, instead type `irssi`.) Type `/quit` when you’re done. You
might want to check out more detailed instructions for [IRC
generally][89] or [Irssi specifically][90].

 

_Usenet newsgroups (discussion
boards)_

To access the Apple II discussion boards on Usenet (often referred to as
comp.sys.apple2.\*), type `a2news` and it will start the Tin newsreader.
You will be subscribed to only the Apple II newsgroups by default; to
access all the other ones, type Y (for “yank”) and subscribe to the ones
you like. (If you have a preferred NNTP server you would like to use,
you can set it by typing `a2news -s your.server.address`.)

 

<a id="ttytter" />_Twitter_
You can indeed
tweet from your Apple II, if you can believe it. Type `ttytter` and
follow the instructions. For initial setup, you’ll need to sign in to
your Twitter account from a web browser, which, if you don’t want to
leave your Apple II, could be Lynx, as I will explain in the next post.
If you need help, an [extensive manual][91] is
available for TTYtter. You can also try starting it by typing `ttytter
-readline` for enhanced input, though it is beta and may have
problems.

 

_Email_

There are email programs you can use, but they can be challenging to set
up, so they have not formally been made a part of A2CLOUD for the
moment. If you want to give it a go, [see this comment][92] to get
started, and look for help on Linux forums if you need it.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][87] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: browse &#038; download][93]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you want to get new Apple II software, there are a few ways to go
about it.

You could try a desktop browser on the Pi, such as the included Epiphany
(a.k.a. Web), Midori, or Netsurf, or install an alternative such as
[Chromium][95], the open-source cousin of Google
Chrome, or [Iceweasel][96], which is a rebranded
Firefox.

You can also
download with a modern computer, and [copy to your Pi over your
network][80]. If you don’t want to immediately create a real floppy, see the next post for what to do with your downloads.

Or, for maximum fun, you can browse and download with your Apple II,
because A2CLOUD
provides you with the stuff on your Pi that you need. My general advice
here is to just dive in and try these out if you’re not familiar with
them. You’ll find no shortage of help for most of these if you search
for it.

Unless you’re using ProTERM or Spectrum on an Apple IIgs, *remember to
hold down solidApple when pressing the arrow keys* when you’re using
these programs.

 

`lynx`\: a text-only web browser which can access simply laid out sites.
Examples: `lynx ivanx.com`, or a download site, like `lynx
mirrors.apple2.org.za`. ProTERM and Spectrum work better for lynx than
Z-Link does. (You can also try out [alternative text-only web
browsers][97].)

`links`\: another text-only web browser you might, or might not, prefer
to Lynx. If you see only a black screen when you start it, press the ESC
key to see the menu.

`cftp`\: What you’ll probably spend a lot of time using if you want new
Apple II software. It’s for logging into FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
servers. Unlike the traditional command line FTP program, cftp is
full-screen, uses the arrow keys, and is easy. Example: `cftp
ftp.gno.org`

`ftp`\: The traditional command line FTP program. Example: `ftp
ftp.gno.org`. It uses (mostly) typical [Unix commands][98]. When asked
for username, enter “anonymous” and then anything for the password. Use
the usual directory listing and navigation commands (`cd`, `pwd`, `ls`),
to browse the site, then `get filename` to download a file from a site,
or `put filename` to upload a file to a site. To see the current local
directory (the one you’ll be downloading into or uploading from),
type `!pwd`, and to change it, type `lcd directoryPath`. You can see all
commands by typing `help`.

`wget`\: a simple program that can download a full URL from an FTP or
web site in a single command, e.g: `wget
http://appleii.ivanx.com/slammer/files/SLAMMER111P.DSK`

 

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][93] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: use disk images][99]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Once you’ve [downloaded stuff to your P][93]i, or [copied stuff on to it
from another computer on your network][80], you can [immediately use
the `vsd1` or `vsd2` commands][85] for an uncompressed disk image file
(.DSK, .DO, .PO, .RAW, .HDV, .2MG. ISO) containing ProDOS files, and
then access them from your Apple II. The image file will be “inserted”
into virtual drive 1 or 2, and accessible from VSDRIVE at S2,D1 or
S2,D2.

If what you download is an archive file (.SHK, .SDK, .BXY, .ZIP,
.TAR.GZ, etc.), you’ll need to expand it first, which you can read about
how to do in the next post.

If you’re not sure whether the disk image you downloaded is ProDOS
format or not, you can type `a2cat imageFileName` on your Pi, and it
will catalog the disk and tell you the format at the bottom of the
listing.

If it’s a DOS 3.3 disk, you can type `dos2pro imageFileName` to copy the
files to a new ProDOS  image, or `dos2pro imageFileName DOSFILENAME` to
copy a single file. Some programs may not work when copied to ProDOS.

Or, you can use ADTPro to transfer the image file to a floppy disk. To
make a disk image available to ADTPro, you need to move it into into the
ADTPro disk images directory (/usr/local/adtpro/disks) by
typing `forfloppy imageFileName`. To access the files inside that
directory, you can also refer to it as $ADTDISKS (e.g. `ls $ADTDISKS`).

You can also use `vsd1` or `vsd2` for non-ProDOS disks, but you won’t be
able to access them from within ProDOS. However, you can use a ProDOS
utility which knows how to access the format (e.g. System Utilities can
copy files from DOS 3.3 and Pascal disks).

 

_Some commands for working with
Apple II disk images:_

`mkpo -b totalBlocks newImageFileName PRODOS.VOL.NAME` will make a new
disk image that has the capacity specified in `totalBlocks`. (A block is
512 bytes, or half a KB.) The maximum block count is 65535, though if
you plan to use the disk image with VSDRIVE, a realistic maximum is
8192. If you omit `-b totalBlocks`, you’ll get an 800K disk image,
unless your image name ends in “.dsk”, in which case you’ll get a 140K
disk image. You can also omit `PRODOS.VOL.NAME` to get an untitled disk
image.

`dopo imageFileName` will convert a DOS-ordered 140K disk image to a
ProDOS-ordered image, or vice-versa. The original ordering will not be
kept.

`acmd` will do lots of stuff with Apple II disk images (many formats,
including ProDOS, DOS 3.3, and Pascal, are supported). Type `acmd` by
itself to see usage; syntax for copying files in and out of images will
be mentioned in the next post on transferring things to your Apple II.
(`cppo` is an alternative, but it’s even slower. It does preserve dates,
however.)

`$VSD1` and `$VSD2` can be used in commands to refer to the disk images
assigned to virtual drives 1 and 2, rather than typing out the full
path.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][99] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: expand archives][101]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you have an archive file, on your Pi, you’ll need to expand it.

 

Commands for general archive formats:

`unzip archiveFileName` will extract files from a .zip archive

`gunzip compressedFileName` will uncompress a .gz compressed file

`tar xf archiveFileName` will extract files from a .tar archive

`tar zxf archiveFileName` will extract files from a .tar.gz (or .tgz)
archive (both of the previous commands in a single step)

`unar archiveFileName` will extract files from tons of archive formats,
including obsolete ones like StuffIt and DiskDoubler. See [The
Unarchiver][103] for a full list.

 

Commands for Apple II archive formats:

`nulib2 -x archiveFileName` will extract files from a ShrinkIt (.SHK,
.SDK, .BXY) or Binary II (.BQY, .BNY) archive. This will mostly be
useful when the archive contains a full disk image (typically, but not
always, indicated as .SDK); if the archive contains files, use one of
the commands below. You can view the contents of an archive before
expanding with `nulib2 -v archiveFileName`.

`shk2image archiveFileName imageFileName` will extract files from a
ShrinkIt or Binary II archive to a ProDOS disk image file (if the one
you specify doesn’t exist, an 800K image will be created, unless the
name you gave ends in “.dsk”, in which case a 140K image will be
created). If you want the archive to be expanded directly to virtual
drive 1 or 2, use `$VSD1` or `$VSD2` for `imageFileName`.

If you want the archive to be expanded into a ProDOS subdirectory rather
than at the top level of the disk image, you can supply a ProDOS path,
without the volume name, as an additional argument. The subdirectory
(and any subdirectories within it) will be created if it doesn’t exist.
For example:

`shk2image archiveFileName $VSD2 PATH/TO/PRODOS.DIR.NAME`

(You can also uncompress ShrinkIt archives on your Apple II by
transferring the archive, as I’ll explain in the next post. It’s slower
that way, though.)

For other (and older) Apple II formats: `sciibin filename` will decode a BinSCII file (.BSC, .BSQ); note that .BSQ files produce ShrinkIt archives when decoded, so use `nulib2
-x` or `shk2image` on the result. `nulib2 -x filename` will extract files from a Binary II (.BNY, .BQY) archive, and will automatically
uncompress any Squeezed (.QQ) files within the archive;
alternatively, `unblu filename` will extract files from a Binary
II archive and `usq filename` will uncompress Squeezed files. `unbit
filename > outfilename` will decode an EXEC file made by Executioner;
`unexec filename > outfilename` will decode an EXEC file containing
monitor input.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][101] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: transfer files][104]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
If you’ve got files on your Pi that aren’t inside one of your viritual
disks, and you want to transfer them to your Apple II, you’ve got a few
options.

 

_Archive files:_

If it’s an archive file, you can (and perhaps should) expand it directly
on the Pi, as explained in [A2CLOUD: working with archives and disk
images][106]. Otherwise, use one of the cool moves below, and then
expand it with ShrinkIt or the appropriate program on the Apple II.

 

_Copy a file into a disk
image_

`acmd -c fileToBeCopied imageFileName`

You can then use `vsd1` or `vsd2` to access the image file, or,
alternatively, transfer it to a floppy with ADTPro. If you want to copy
a file directly to a disk image already in a virtual drive, use
`$VSD1` or `$VSD2` for `imageFileName`. *You must immediately type
`vsdsync` if you modify an image currently assigned to a virtual drive.*

If you want to specify a different name and/or file type, you can use
the long form:

`acmd -p imageFileName APPLE2.FILENAME fileType auxType <
fileToBeCopied`

`fileType` should be a three-letter name (e.g. TXT), or a numeric type
(e.g. 255 or \\$E0). `auxType` is also needed for file types that
require it (e.g. BIN), and can be either decimal, or hexadecimal if
preceded with \\$. You can use \\$2000 for `auxType` if you’re not
sure. If you want the file to go into a ProDOS subdirectory, you can
specify the path as part of `APPLE2.FILENAME` (but do not include the
volume name); any subdirectories that don’t already exist will be
created.

(This is a slightly modified version of AppleCommander’s normal -p
option: the file type and ProDOS file name are optional, the file name
is checked to make sure it’s ProDOS-compatible, and any existing file of
the same name within the image is first deleted.)

 

_Transfer a file from your Pi
to your Apple II_

You can transfer a file to be saved on a local or virtual disk by using
the YMODEM protocol. To send one or more files with YMODEM, type:

`sb fileToBeTransferred1 fileToBeTransferred2 fileToBeTransferred3
`(etc)

Once started, you will need to tell ProTERM or Z-Link to receive YMODEM.
In ProTERM, choose YMODEM from the Receive menu; in Z-Link, type
open-apple-downarrow, then option 4. In either one, accept the default
options (unless you want to change them), and the files should transfer.
If for whatever reason they don’t, and you can’t get access to the Linux
shell prompt again, type ctrl-X until the prompt reappears. Transfer may
be slow at the default 4800 baud rate; I’ll explain how to increase the
baud rate in the next post.

If you are using ProTERM, you can also try ZMODEM by using `sz` instead
of `sb`. ZMODEM is a more efficient protocol than YMODEM, it can
auto-start, and it can recover from incomplete transfers, but those are
less important in a direct-attached (rather than dial-up) situation, and
I haven’t had as much success with it as I have had with YMODEM.

 

_Transfer a file from your
Apple II to your Pi_

You can also go in the other direction — from your Apple II to the Pi.
Type `rb` (for YMODEM) then tell ProTERM or Z-Link to send YMODEM. (If
you prefer to send ZMODEM from ProTERM, just do that, and the Pi will
automatically start receiving; you don’t need to type a command first.)

Another option is to save a file to a virtual disk — or transfer a real
floppy using ADTPro — and then copy files out of the disk image on the
Pi with this command:

`acmd -g imageFileName APPLE2.FILENAME`

If you saved to the virtual disk, you can type `$VSD1` or `$VSD2` for
imageFileName.

acmd (AppleCommander) has some smarts, and it can translate (or
“export”, as it prefers to say) from various Apple II file formats into
modern formats. If you want it to give that a shot, use `-e` instead of
`-g` above.

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][104] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: increase serial port speed][75]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
I chose the default speed of 4800 baud for Pi as a lowest common
denominator that should work in almost any situation, even a IIc using
Z-Link without any kind of hardware handshaking serial cable. It should
be fine for command-line stuff, but might be slower than you’d like if
you use any full-screen programs (like cftp) or are transferring with
YMODEM.

You can try to use a faster baud rate with the following command:

`baud baudRate`

`baudRate` can be 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, or
115200. The change will take effect immediately (unless you’re not doing
it from your Apple II itself, in which case it won’t do anything), so
you’ll need to change the setting in ProTERM or Z-Link, too.

If you want to make the change permanent, with the change taking effect
on logout, use:

`baud -d baudRate`

To see the current speed, just type `baud` by itself.

You’ll only be able to use 38400 or 57600 on a IIgs (and not with
Z-Link), but Hugh Hood has come up with [clever ProTERM macros][108]
that enable 115200 baud on any Apple II, and A2CLOUD
provides them with ProTERM. If you use 115200 baud, you’ll likely drop
some characters, especially on an 8-bit Apple II. One strategy you might
want to try is to use a slower speed normally, but then “upshift” to
115200 for transfers. When you’re done, you can switch back to the
slower speed.

To use Hugh’s macros, choose “Read Globals” from the “Misc” menu, and
select either PT3.IIE.GLOBALS, PT3.IIC.GLOBALS, or PT3.IIGS.GLOBALS,
depending on what computer you’re using. Then, for a IIe or IIc/IIc+,
type solid-apple-F, and it will switch to 115200; you can still switch
back to other speeds as usual from the “Online” window. For a IIgs, type
shift-option-H, and it will switch to 115200 baud; to switch back to
other speeds, type option-H to disable the macro. If you want these
macros to automatically be available when ProTERM starts without having
to use the “Read Globals” menu item, delete or rename PT3.GLOBALS, and
then rename the appropriate globals file to PT3.GLOBALS.

 

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [August 11,
2013][75] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: emulate an Apple II][109]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
Though the purpose of A2CLOUD is primarily to extend the functionality
of your actual Apple II, there are also emulators provided in case you
want a virtual Apple II. (If you’re using [Apple II Pi][42], that’s in
fact sort of the point.)

You’ll either need a screen attached to your Raspberry Pi, or [remote
desktop software][38].

For an emulated Apple IIgs, use [GSport][111], a
descendent of the KEGS emulator with significant enhancements by David
Schmidt, David Schmenk, Peter Neubauer, Christopher Mason, and others.
GSport’s features include Uthernet card emulation, AppleTalk networking,
and ImageWriter and Epson printer emulation. Type `gsport` to if you are
at the command prompt and want a full-screen experience, or double-click
GSport on the Raspbian desktop. Press F4 for the configuration screen,
and alt-F4 to exit. Usage instructions are on the [GSport home
page.][111]

For a emulated Apple IIe, type `linapple` to run the [LinApple][112]
emulator. It has some nifty features like built-in
software downloading and a built-in help screen. More information is
[here][112].

You can also use GSport’s ancestor, [KEGS][113], by
choosing it from the menu of the Raspbian desktop. (To start the
Raspbian desktop, type `startx` or use [remote desktop software][38].) Usage instructions are [here][114].

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [November 29,
2013][109] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: Apple II Pi][42]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
David Schmenk has created [Apple II Pi][10], which
takes a different approach than A2CLOUD. With A2CLOUD, the idea is to
use your Pi as a peripheral for your Apple II.

Apple II Pi flips this around: you can use your Apple II’s keyboard,
mouse, joystick, and drives to control your Raspberry Pi, primarily so
you can use the GSport emulator, giving you a virtual souped up Apple
II. To get benefit from this, you’ll need a screen attached to your Pi.

To use Apple II Pi, you’ll need the [Apple II Pi card][116], or a [Raspberry Pi console cable][41] attached to a Super Serial Card (even in a IIgs) or a
IIc/IIc+ serial port, via [the appropriate serial cable ][31]and possibly a [DE-9 (aka DB-9) male-to-male null modem
adapter][117]. The software is already installed by
Raspple II or A2CLOUD (if it doesn’t seem to work, try updating A2CLOUD
by typing `a2cloud-update`).

Once connected, boot the A2CLOUD floppy, and press space on the splash
screen. The first time you do this, it will ask you to choose the slot
of your Apple II Pi card or Super Serial Card. It should then connect
immediately; your Apple II will sound a tone, and any keystrokes you
type will show up on the Raspberry Pi’s screen, rather than your Apple
II; on the Raspbian desktop, you can use your Apple II mouse. And if you
want to see your Apple II prompt on your Raspberry Pi, type `a2term`;
prepare to be pleasantly disoriented.

Apple II Pi also lets you go straight into GSport, bypassing the
Raspbian command line, by logging in with username “apple2″ (no
password); type alt-F4 (or openApple-solidApple-4 on an Apple II
keyboard) to quit. When you do, your Pi will fully shut down.

Apple II Pi has many more sophisticated abilities, such being able to
develop 6502 code on the Raspberry Pi and execute it on the Apple II.
For more info on how to use it, check out [Dave’s web site][10] and the [Ultimate Apple 2 forums][118].

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [November 29,
2013][42] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: release history and notes][13]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
A2CLOUD is sorta always in a state of development with tiny tweaks
happening without announcement, often to the installer script rather
than any visible features per se, and those changes and other small
details are (somewhat) documented at the end of [the script
itself][120]. But here are the noteworthy
enhancements. To update, type `a2cloud-update`.

_v1.8.1, May 5, 2015_

* ADTPro 2.0.1
* Apple II Pi client 1.5

_v1.8.0, March 17, 2015_

* compatible with every Raspberry Pi, including Raspberry Pi 2 Model B
* GSport installed for non-Raspberry Pi computers, with option for
  new GS/OS+Spectrum installation, or GSport Internet Starter Kit
  premade image
* Links web browser
* desktop shortcuts and Apple II menu group for emulators and ADTPro
* new `a2cloud-update os` command will perform full Raspple II update,
  including Raspbian OS and NOOBS install manager, A2CLOUD, A2SERVER,
  and Apple II Pi
* many small improvements and fixes to A2CLOUD environment and installer
  script

_v1.7.2, February 7,
2015_

* supports Raspberry Pi Model A and A+ (and Pi 2 Model B)
* resolves issues with Raspbian 2015-01-31 (kernel 3.18)

_v1.7.1, August 11, 2014_

* A2CLOUD is no longer “beta” on non-Raspberry Pi computers
* A2CLOUD includes KEGS and Linapple on non-Raspberry Pi computers
* A2CLOUD has a faster install script for non-Raspberry Pi computers
  (downloads binaries)
* unbit/unexec/bsq archive tools are installed

_v1.7.0, August 2, 2014_

* a2cloud-setup installs Java 8 if not already installed

_v1.6.9, July 24, 2014
(KansasFest)_

* ADTPro 2.0.0 (quicker and more reliable transfer; selectable filenames
  from list)
* confirmed working on Raspberry Pi Model B+ (use the USB ports closer
  to the Ethernet port)

_v1.6.8, Apr 7, 2014_

* ADTPro 1.3.0
* TTYtter installs properly on non-Pi systems

_v1.6.7, Feb 19, 2014_

* A2CLOUD boot floppy contains A2PI client version 1.4
* A2CLOUD boot floppy splash screen provides simple menu for virtual
  drives, Apple II Pi, or BASIC
* A2CLOUD.HDV is now called A2CLOUD.PO (a symbolic link called
  A2CLOUD.HDV is still there for backwards compatibility/habits)
* bug fixes for `cppo`, `shk2image`, and some launcher scripts``

_v1.6.6, Feb 17, 2014_

* [beta support for Debian and Ubuntu Linux on non-Pi machines][8]
* ttytter support for color and avoiding non-ASCII characters when
  running  under Screen
* opens
  LXTerminal window by default when starting graphical desktop
* a2cloud-setup installs Screen if not already installed
* a2cloud-setup shows installed and available versions
* a2cloud-setup -y bypasses all prompts

_v1.6.5, Feb 5, 2014_

* can use `term mono` and `term color` instead of `term vt100` and `term
  pcansi`

_v1.6.4, Jan 31, 2014_

* support for `screen` command to allow switching between multiple
  terminals on Apple II
* `term -f` can be used to force emulation setting even when `term`
  doesn’t want to

_v1.6.3, Jan 23, 2014_

* Set TTYtter to always use -ssl mode, which is required by Twitter
  after 14-Jan-14.
* Set TTYtter to avoid display of non-ASCII characters on serial port
  shell
* Set TTYtter to use color ANSI text (for IIgs) if shell is currently
  set to display it
* Provided TTYtter readline module for enhanced input with -readline
  option
* Added `appleiipi-update` command

_v1.6.2, Jan 19, 2014_

* Improved display of non-ASCII characters in Apple II terminal
  emulation programs
* Support for
  “PC ANSI” colored text and graphics characters , for use with
  Spectrum’s ANSI online display, via new `term` command * Added
  `sciibin` and `unblu` for converting BinSCII and Binary II files
* `baud` command supports 300 baud, in case you *really* want to kick it
  old school

_v1.6.1, Jan 14, 2014_

* Added `telnet` and `ttytter` (Twitter client)
* fix for network boot failure when set up under v1.6

_v1.6, Dec 31, 2013_

* ADTPro/VSDRIVE 1.2.9 (much faster virtual drives read performance, for
  the price of a short delay on the `vsd1`/`vsd2` commands and a need to
  type `vsdsync` after changing an active virtual drive directly on the
  Pi; ability to run VSDRIVE from ProDOS program launcher, not just
  BASIC.SYSTEM)
* if A2SERVER is installed, shares the ADTPro disks folder as ADTDISKS
  on the network
* responds to name “raspberrypi.local” as alternative to IP address to
  Mac OS X (and Windows with [Bonjour Print Services][49] installed) computers on network

_v1.5.2, Dec 22 2013_ 
* added `dos2pro` command
* Apple II Pi is now installed with GSport emulator and “apple2user”
  packages
* speedier install by downloading A2CLOUD disk images instead of
  building them

_v1.5, Dec 1 2013_

* Adds IRC and newsreader clients (Irssi and Tin) and, with shortcuts
  for Apple II community (`a2chat` and `a2news` commands)
* adds KEGS and LinApple emulators
* installs Apple II Pi
* easy installation via [Raspple II][12]

_v1.2.3, Nov 2013_

* A2PI client version 1.3 added to A2CLOUD disk
* faster install for unar/lsar, nulib2, and cftp (downloads rather than
  compiles)
* console (built-in serial) login disabled, to allow Apple II Pi to have
  that port
* installs xrdp/tightvncserver for remote desktop access from another
  computer
* adds DSK2FILE image utility to A2CLOUD disk

_v1.0, Sep 2 2013_

* first proper release with full documentation, bug fixes, and demo
  video

_beta, Jul 27, 2013_

* internet access and virtual drives for any Apple II via a Raspberry
  Pi; introduced at KansasFest 2013

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [December 28,
2013][13] by [ivanx][17].


#  [A2CLOUD: other stuff][121]

<div class="entry-content" markdown="1">
This is a post for new techniques or features that aren’t fully ready,
or other stuff that doesn’t seem to fit into the main guide. [View the
comments][122] to see, or post one of your own.

If this is at the top of a bunch of posts below, you’re reading the
A2CLOUD guide backwards. Click “A2CLOUD” in the menu header above to fix
it, or just go to [http://ivanx.com/a2cloud][123].

 

</div>

This entry was posted in [A2CLOUD][2], [A2CLOUD
(newest first)][14], [Apple II][15], [Raspberry Pi][16] on [January 26,
2014][121] by [ivanx][17].


</div>


<div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary">
<aside id="dpe_fp_widget-2" class="widget widget_dpe_fp_widget" markdown="1">
### A2CLOUD Table of Contents


*  [ #### A2CLOUD: intro


   ][5]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: what you need


   ][18]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: prepare your Pi


   ][44]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: go headless (optional)


   ][38]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: install the software


   ][56]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: attach your cables


   ][58]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: make your boot disk


   ][60]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: use virtual drives!


   ][67]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: log in from your Apple II


   ][71]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: make a floppy or image


   ][80]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: learn some Unix


   ][83]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: “insert” a disk image


   ][85]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: connect with other people


   ][87]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: browse &#038; download


   ][93]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: use disk images


   ][99]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: expand archives


   ][101]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: transfer files


   ][104]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: increase serial port speed


   ][75]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: emulate an Apple II


   ][109]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: Apple II Pi


   ][42]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: release history and notes


   ][13]
*  [ #### A2CLOUD: other stuff


   ][121]



</aside>
</div>

</div>


[1]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/ "A2CLOUD"
[2]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/category/a2cloud/
[3]: http://appleii.ivanx.com
[4]: http://ivanx.com/raspberrypi
[5]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-intro/
[6]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-intro/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: intro"
[7]: http://www.raspberrypi.org "Raspberry Pi"
[8]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/open-thread/#comment-9 "A2CLOUD on non-Pi computers"
[9]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2server/ "A2SERVER"
[10]: http://schmenk.is-a-geek.com/wordpress "Apple II Pi"
[11]: http://ivanx.com/rasppleii/ "Raspple II"
[12]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/rasppleii "Raspple II"
[13]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-release-history/ "A2CLOUD: release history and notes"
[14]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/category/a2cloud-newest-first/
[15]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/category/apple-ii/
[16]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/category/raspberry-pi/
[17]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/author/ivanx/ "View all posts by ivanx"
[18]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-what-you-need/
[19]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-what-you-need/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: what you need"
[20]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-log-in-from-your-apple-ii/#unenhanced "A2CLOUD: log in from your Apple II"
[21]: http://www.raspberrypi.org/products/ "Raspberry Pi purchase"
[22]: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_ss_i_0_4?url=search-alias%3Daps&amp;field-keywords=raspberry+pi+2&amp;sprefix=rasp%2Caps%2C173 "Raspberry Pi 2 Model B search - Amazon"
[23]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00LPESRUK/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B00LPESRUK&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;linkId=B7F2LQNXIWGYCNYQ "Raspberry Pi 1 model B+ - Amazon"
[24]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B009SQQF9C/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B009SQQF9C&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=ivane-20 "Raspberry Pi 1 model B - Amazon"
[25]: http://www.amazon.com/Raspberry-Pi-Model-A-256MB/dp/B00PEX05TO/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1423325260&amp;sr=8-1&amp;keywords=raspberry+pi+model+a%2B "Raspberry Pi 1 model A+ - Amazon"
[26]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=4gb%20sd%20card&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3A4gb%20sd%20card&amp;sprefix=4gb%20s%2Caps&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "SD card"
[27]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=8gb%20sd%20card&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3A4gb%20sd%20card&amp;sprefix=4gb%20s%2Caps&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "8 GB SD card at Amazon"
[28]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00A9PO5AM/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B00A9PO5AM&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=ivane-20
[29]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=ethernet%20cable&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Aethernet%20cable&amp;sprefix=ethernet%2Caps&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "ethernet cable"
[30]: http://ivanx.com/raspberrypi/raspberrypi_wifi.html "Raspberry Pi WiFi"
[31]: http://retrofloppy.com/products.html "Apple II null modem serial cable"
[32]: http://adtpro.sourceforge.net/connectionsserial.html "ADTPro serial connections"
[33]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0007T27H8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B0007T27H8&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=ivane-20 "TRENDnet TU-S9 USB-to-serial adapter"
[34]: http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=apple+super+serial+card "eBay - Apple Super Serial Card"
[35]: http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B006T9B6R2/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=B006T9B6R2&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=ivane-20 "SD card reader"
[36]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=usb%20keyboard&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Ausb%20keyboard&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "USB keyboard"
[37]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=usb%20mouse&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Ausb%20mouse&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "USB mouse"
[38]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-go-headless-with-your-pi/ "A2CLOUD: go headless (optional)"
[39]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=powered%20usb%20hub&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=i%3Aaps%2Ck%3Apowered%20usb%20hub&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Daps "powered USB hub"
[40]: http://ultimateapple2.com "Apple II Pi card from Ultimate Apple 2"
[41]: http://www.pridopia.co.uk/pi-232r1-db9.html "Raspberry Pi console cable"
[42]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-control-your-pi-from-your-ii/ "A2CLOUD: Apple II Pi"
[43]: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Delectronics&amp;field-keywords=db9+male+female+null+modem+adapter+-usb&amp;rh=n%3A172282%2Ck%3Adb9+male+female+null+modem+adapter+-usb "DE-9 male-to-female null modem adapters at Amazon"
[44]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-prepare-your-pi/
[45]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-prepare-your-pi/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: prepare your Pi"
[46]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/rasppleii/ "Raspple II"
[47]: https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/
[48]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-go-headless-with-your-pi/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: go headless (optional)"
[49]: http://support.apple.com/kb/dl999
[50]: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/
[51]: http://ivanx.com/raspberrypi/files/PiFinder.zip
[52]: http://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/
[53]: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/microsoft-remote-desktop/id715768417?mt=12 "Microsoft Remote Desktop for Mac"
[54]: http://elinux.org/RPi_VNC_Server "configure TightVNCServer"
[55]: http://elinux.org/Configuring_a_Static_IP_address_on_your_Raspberry_Pi "Raspberry Pi static IP address"
[56]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-install-the-software/
[57]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-install-the-software/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: install the software"
[58]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-attach-your-cables/
[59]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-attach-your-cables/#comments "Comment on A2CLOUD: attach your cables"
[60]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-make-your-boot-disk/
[61]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-make-your-boot-disk/#comments "Comment on A2CLOUD: make your boot disk"
[62]: http://adtpro.sourceforge.net/vdrive.html "VSDRIVE"
[63]: http://adtpro.sourceforge.net "ADTPro"
[64]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2cloud/files/A2CLOUD.DSK "140K A2CLOUD boot disk"
[65]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2cloud/files/A2CLOUD.HDV "800K A2CLOUD boot disk"
[66]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/?p=285 "A2CLOUD: go headless"
[67]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-use-virtual-drives/
[68]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-use-virtual-drives/#comments "Comment on A2CLOUD: use virtual drives!"
[69]: http://apple2.info/wiki/index.php?title=DOS#Commands_quick_reference "ProDOS and DOS 3.3 commands"
[70]: http://www.apple2scans.net/?p=33 "BASIC Programming with ProDOS "
[71]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-log-in-from-your-apple-ii/
[72]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-log-in-from-your-apple-ii/#comments "Comment on A2CLOUD: log in from your Apple II"
[73]: http://lostclassics.apple2.info/announcements/19/proterm-a2/ "ProTERM"
[74]: http://www.wannop.info/speccie/Site/Speccies_Home_Pages.html "Spectrum for Apple IIgs"
[75]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-set-the-serial-port-speed/ "A2CLOUD: set the serial port speed"
[76]: http://www.bartbania.com/index.php/linux-screen/ "using Screen"
[77]: http://www.wannop.info/speccie/Site/Download_Centre.html "Spectrum download"
[78]: http://macgui.com/downloads/?file_id=24237 "Mac GUI Vault: Kermit 3.87"
[79]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.sys.apple2/8yUpfbAgdx0/oVwep6fMsTYJ "VT-100 on Apple II Plus and unenhanced IIe"
[80]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-make-a-floppy/
[81]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-make-a-floppy/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: make a floppy or image"
[82]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2server "A2SERVER"
[83]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/apple-ii-cloud-learn-some-unix/
[84]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/apple-ii-cloud-learn-some-unix/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: learn some Unix"
[85]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-insert-a-disk-image/
[86]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-insert-a-disk-image/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: &#8220;insert&#8221; a disk image"
[87]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-talk-with-apple-ii-fans/
[88]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-talk-with-apple-ii-fans/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: connect with other people"
[89]: http://www.irchelp.org "IRC Help"
[90]: http://www.irssi.org/documentation "Irssi Documentation"
[91]: http://www.floodgap.com/software/ttytter "TTYtter"
[92]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/open-thread/#comment-1 "email on A2CLOUD"
[93]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-browse-and-download/
[94]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-browse-and-download/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: browse &amp; download"
[95]: http://elinux.org/RPi_Chromium "Chromium (Google Chrome for Raspberry Pi)"
[96]: http://elinux.org/RPi_IceWeasel "Iceweasel (Firefox for Raspbian)"
[97]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/open-thread/#comment-2
[98]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/?p=67 "A2CLOUD: learn basic Unix"
[99]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/use-disk-images/
[100]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/use-disk-images/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: use disk images"
[101]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-use-archives-and-images/
[102]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-use-archives-and-images/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: expand archives"
[103]: http://unarchiver.c3.cx/formats "The Unarchiver supported formats"
[104]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-transfer-files/
[105]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-transfer-files/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: transfer files"
[106]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/?p=164 "A2CLOUD: working with archives and disk images"
[107]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-set-the-serial-port-speed/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: increase serial port speed"
[108]: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!searchin/comp.sys.apple2/115200$20hugh "Hugh Hood's 115200 baud ProTERM macros"
[109]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-emulate-an-apple-ii/
[110]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-emulate-an-apple-ii/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: emulate an Apple II"
[111]: http://gsport.sourceforge.net
[112]: http://linapple.sourceforge.net "LinApple"
[113]: http://kegs.sourceforge.net
[114]: http://kegs.sourceforge.net/README.kegs.txt "KEGS instructions"
[115]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-control-your-pi-from-your-ii/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: Apple II Pi"
[116]: https://ultimateapple2.com "Apple II Pi card"
[117]: http://www.amazon.com/s/?_encoding=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;field-keywords=db9%20male%20null%20modem%20adapter%20-usb%20-female&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;rh=n%3A172282%2Ck%3Adb9%20male%20null%20modem%20adapter%20-usb%20-female&amp;tag=ivane-20&amp;url=search-alias%3Delectronics "DE-9 male-to-male null modem adapter"
[118]: https://www.ultimateapple2.com/forums/ "Ultimate Apple 2 forums"
[119]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/a2cloud-release-history/#respond "Comment on A2CLOUD: release history and notes"
[120]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/a2cloud/setup/setup.txt "A2CLOUD setup script"
[121]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/open-thread/
[122]: http://appleii.ivanx.com/prnumber6/open-thread/#comments "Comment on A2CLOUD: other stuff"
[123]: http://ivanx.com/a2cloud/ "A2CLOUD"
[124]: http://wordpress.org/ "Semantic Personal Publishing Platform"