goapple2/docs/apple2.org

• Memory Map
• Integer Basic Map
• I/O and softswitches
• Page 00
• Page 03
• Basic locations
• DOS routines
• Monitor routines
  • References
• Language card
  • Autostart ROM details
  • Memory details
• Control codes
• Revisions
  • II
  • II+
  • IIe
• Keyboard

Apple II notes

Memory Map

Page	Use
$00	Page Zero
$01	System stack
$02	Input buffer
$03	Monitor vector locations
$04-$07	Text/Lo-Res Primary
$08-$0B	Text/Lo-Res Secondary
$0C-$1F	Free RAM
$20-$3F	Hires Primary
$40-$5F	Hires Secondary
$60-$BF	Free RAM
$C0	I/O and softswitches
$C1-$C7	ROM for seven peripheral cards
$C8-$CF	switchable ROM for peripheral cards
$D0-$D7	empty ROM socket #1 / Programmer's Aid #1
$D8-$DF	empty ROM socket #2
$E0-$F7	Integer BASIC ROM
$F8-$FF	Monitor ROM

Integer Basic Map

Address	Use
$E000-$F424	BASIC
$F425-$F4FB	Floating point math package 1/2
$F4FC-$F4FF	??? (4 bytes)
$F500-$F63C	Miniassembler
$F63D-$F65D	Floating point math package 2/2
$F65E-$F665	??? (8 bytes)
$F666-$F668	Miniassembler entry point
$F669-$F688	??? (32 bytes)
$F689-$F7FC	SWEET 16 interpreter
$F800-$FFFF	Monitor

I/O and softswitches

Address	Dec	Use
$C00X	-16384	Read keyboard: High bit = key pressed
$C01X	-16368	Set to 0 to clear keyboard strobe
$C01A	-16358	Read: High bit 1 = TEXT switch "ON"
$C01B	-16357	Read: High bit 1 = MIXED switch "ON"
$C01C	-16356	Read: High bit 1 = PAGE2 switch "ON"
$C01D	-16355	Read: High bit 1 = HIRES switch "ON"
$C02X		Casette output toggle
$C03X	-16336	Speaker toggle
$C04X		Output strobe to Game I/O connector
$C050	-16304	Set graphics mode
$C051	-16303	Set text mode
$C052	-16302	Set bottom 4 lines graphics
$C053	-16301	Set bottom 4 lines text
$C054	-16300	Display primary page
$C055	-16299	Display secondary page
$C056	-16298	Set HIRES graphics mode
$C057	-16297	Set color graphics mode
$CØ58	-l6296	Clear Game I/O ANØ output
$CØ59	-l6295	Set Game I/O ANØ output
$CØ5A	-l6294	Clear Game I/O ANl output
$CØ5B	-l6293	Set Game I/O ANl output
$CØ5C	-l6292	Clear Game I/O AN2 output
$CØ5D	-l629l	Set Game I/O AN2 output
$CØ5E	-l629Ø	Clear Game I/O AN3 output
$CØ5F	-l6289	Set Game I/O AN3 output
$C060/8		Tape in (bit 7)
$C061/9	-16287	"SW1": PDL(0) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C062/A	-16286	"SW2": PDL(1) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C063/B	-16285	"SW3": PDL(2) switch: High bit 1 = "on"
$C064/C		Paddle 0 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C065/D		Paddle 1 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C066/E		Paddle 2 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C067/F		Paddle 3 timer output: state of timer output in high bit
$C064		Paddle0
$C07X		Trigger paddle timers during \Zero_2
$C08X		Device select 0: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C09X		Device select 1: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0AX		Device select 2: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0BX		Device select 3: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0CX		Device select 4: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0DX		Device select 5: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0EX		Device select 6: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C0FX		Device select 7: Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C10X		Device select (8): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C11X		Device select (9): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C12X		Device select (A): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C13X		Device select (B): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C14X		Device select (C): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C15X		Device select (D): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C16X		Device select (E): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C17X		Device select (F): Pin 41 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C1XX		I/O Select 1: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C2XX		I/O Select 2: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C3XX		I/O Select 3: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C4XX		I/O Select 4: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C5XX		I/O Select 5: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C6XX		I/O Select 6: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C7XX		I/O Select 7: Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C8XX		I/O Select (8): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$C9XX		I/O Select (9): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CAXX		I/O Select (A): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CBXX		I/O Select (B): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CCXX		I/O Select (C): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CDXX		I/O Select (D): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CEXX		I/O Select (E): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CFXX		I/O Select (F): Pin 1 on Peripheral Connector low during 0_2
$CFFF		switchable peripheral ROM - find out more

Page 00

Address	Dec	Description
$00-$1F		Register area for "sweet 16"
$18		(DOS) first track of data
$19		(DOS) first sector of data
$1A		(DOS) number of sectors to load
$1B		(DOS) HIGH BYTE of buffer (LO is always 0)
$1A/B		Shape pointer used by DRAW and XDRAW
$1C		Last color used (HCOLOR converted to its color byte)
$20	32	Left edge of window (0-39)
$21	33	Width of the window (0 to 40 - Left)
$22	34	Top edge of window (0-23)
$23	35	Bottom of window (0-23) Bottom > Top
$24	36	HTAB: 0-39
$25	37	VTAB: 0-23
$2B	43	Boot SLOT * 16
$2C	44	Lo-res line end-point
$30	48	Lores color * 17
$32	50	Inverse($3F), Flash($7F), Normal($FF), Invisible($80)
$33		Prompt-char
$4A/B	74-75	LOMEM address (INT)
$4C/D	76-77	HIMEM address (INT)
$4E-$4F	78-79	16-bit number, randomized with each key entry
	214	Poke 255 to auto-run program
	212	Error code flag in decimal
	216	High bit set if error detected: zero to clear
	222	Error code
	224-226	HIRES GR X&Y coordinates
$E4	228	Color being used {0=0:42=1:85=2:127=3:128=4:170=5:213=6:255=7}
$E6	230	HIRES PLOTTING PAGE (32=1/64=2/96=3)
$E7	231	SCALE of shape
$EA	234	COLLISION COUNTER for shapes
	241	256-SPEED
$F3	243	FLASH MASK
$F9	249	ROT

Page 03

Address	Description
$0320/1	Low-endian HIRES X coordinate: 0-279
$0322	HIRES Y coordinate: 0-159
$0324/5	Start address of SHAPE TABLE
$032C	COLOR for HIRES
$03F8	CTRL-Y in Monitor with JSR here
$03FB	NMI
$03FE-$03FF	IRQ sent to this address

Basic locations

Address	Dec	Description
	2049	Set to 1 for "list protection"

DOS routines

Address	Dec	Description
	42350	Catalog

Monitor routines

Address	Dec	Dec	Description
	$F3D4	-3116	HGR2
	$F3DE	-3106	HGR
	$F3F2	-3086	CLEAR HIRES SCREEN
	$F3F6	-3082	CLEAR HIRES SCREEN to HCOLOR
	$FB2F	-1233	TEXT
	$FB40	-1216	GR
	$FB60	-1184	PRINT "APPLE ]["
	$FBE4	-1052	RING BELL
	$FBF4	-1036	MOVE CURSOR RIGHT
	$FC10	-1008	MOVE CURSOR LEFT
	$FC1A	-998	MOVE CURSOR UP 1 LINE
	$FC58	-936	HOME
	$FD0C	-756	WAIT FOR KEYPRESS
	$FD67	-665	GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, LINE FEED, and wait.
	$FD6A	-662	GET a LINE of input with PROMPT, NO LINE FEED, and wait.
	$FD6F	-657	GET a LINE of input with NO PROMPT or LINE FEED, and wait.
	$FE80	-384	INVERSE
	$FE84	-380	NORMAL
	$FECA	-310	WRITE to tape
	$FEFD	-259	READ from tape

References

• http://apple2history.org/history/ah03/
• http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peekpk.txt
• http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peekpoke.app
• http://www.textfiles.com/apple/peeks.pokes.2
• http://www.applefritter.com/node/24236
• http://www.easy68k.com/paulrsm/6502/index.html - Information about firmware

Language card

Install in slot 0. Replaces RAM chip in E3 with a cable to the card. Contains "autostart ROM" Adds Esc-ijkm movement Ctrl-S stop/start program listings

Autostart ROM details

$3F0/1 Break vector: $59,$FA $3F2/3 Reset vector: $03, $E0 (for non-disk systems after power-up reset) $3F4 Powered up mask: $45

Memory details

Address	Description
$D000-$DFFF	4K bank-switched memory
$E000-$F7FF	RAM
$F800-$FFFF	Language card ROM

Control codes

Bit 2 is ignored. Bit 3 chooses which RAM banks is switched in to $D000-$DFFF. When RAM is deselected (and write-enabled), it can be written but not read. When RAM is deselected, Language Card ROM is mapped to $F800-$FFFF. Power-on RESET initializes ROM to read mode, and RAM to write mode, and selects the second 4K bank for $D000-$DFFF.

Second 4K Bank	First 4K Bank	Description
$C080	$C088	Select RAM read. Write-protect RAM
$C081	$C089	Deselect RAM reaad (enable ROM)
		Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM
$C082	$C08A	Deselect RAM read (enable ROM). Write-protect RAM
$C083	$C08B	Select RAM read.
		Two or more successive reads = write-enable RAM

Revisions

II

• Integer Basic

• Revision 0

  • Only 4 hires colors: black, white, violet, green

• Revision 1

  • 6 hires colors
  • Color killer
  • power-on-reset
  • auto-start
  • 24k memory map problem (?!)
  • keyboard strobe flip flop connected to reset

II+

• Applesoft
• Usually with 16k "Language Card"

IIe

• 80-column card

Keyboard

Key	Alone	CTRL	SHIFT	BOTH
space	A0		A0
, <	AC		BC
- =	AD		BD
. >	AE		BE
/ ?	AF		BF
0	B0		B0
1 !	B1		A1
2 "	B2		A2
3 #	B3		A3
4 $	B4		A4
5 %	B5		A5
6 &	B6		A6
7 '	B7		A7
8 (	B8		A8
9 )	B9		A9
: *	BA		AA
; +	BB		AB
A	C1	81
B	C2	82
C	C3	83
D	C4	84
E	C5	85
F	C6	86
G	C7	87
H	C8	88
l arrow	88
I	C9	89
J	CA	8A
K	CB	8B
L	CC	8C
M ]	CD	8D	DD	9D
RETURN	8D
N ^	CE	8E	DE	9E
O	CF	8F
P @	D0	90	C0	80
Q	D1	91
R	D2	92
S	D3	93
T	D4	94
U	D5	95
r arrow	95
V	D6	96
W	D7	97
X	D8	98
Y	D9	99
Z	DA	9A
ESC	9B	9B